高考英语单选复习探讨课件.ppt

高考英语单选复习探讨 设计制作 罗庆平作者单位 上杭县才溪中学 上杭县才溪中学200 届高考英语专题复习 一 命题特点近几年的nmet单项选择填空题的命题原则是 突出语境 强化语意 强调运用 纯语法题逐年减少 语境题逐年增加 知识覆盖面广 题目设计灵活多样 此类题型的设置旨在测试考生基础知识在特定语境中的应用 词法 习语的识记与理解以及语用能力 由于高考是选拔性的测试 所以单项填空题有一定的难度 这使得我们在此类题目上费时较多又得分率不高 二 单项填空的解题指导要想在 分钟内完成15道题且能得到较好的分数 应试者首先必须具备扎实的英语基础知识 然后掌握一定的解题技巧 倘若这两点都能做到 就水到渠成了 下面介绍几种巧做单选题的方法 一 增强学生的语境意识 提高学生分析语境的能力 语境题包含语境信息 题干中的语境信息常是单词 短语或句子 有时甚至是一个标点符号 准确把握语境信息可以成功地解答单选题 1 allmorningasshewaitedforthemedicalreportfromthedoctor hernervousness a hasgrownb isgrowingc grewd hadgrown2 hassamfinishedhishomeworktoday ihavenoidea he itthismorning nmet2004全国ii a didb hasdonec wasdoingd haddone c c 3 ihearjanehasgonetotheholyislandforherholiday oh hownice doyouknowwhenshe 2004湖南 a wasleavingb hadleftc hasleftd left4 doyouthinkthestarswillbeatthebulls yes theyhavebetterplayers soi themtowin a hopeb preferc expectd want d c 将高考题进行改变语境信息来进行训练 可以强化学生的语境意识 1 原题 hassamfinishedhishomeworktoday ihavenoidea he itthismorning nmet2004全国ii 改编 hassamfinishedhishomeworktoday yes he itthismorning a didb hasdonec wasdoingd haddone c a 2 原题 shirley abookaboutchinalastyear butidon tknowwhethershehasfinishedit 改编 shirley abookaboutchinalastyear butidon tknowwhethershehashaditpublished a haswrittenb wrotec hadwrittend waswriting d b 3 原题 robertissaid abroad butidon tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin 改编 robertissaid abroad butidon tknowwhatcountryheisstudyingin 改编 robertissaid abroad butidon tknowwhatcountryhewillstudyin a tohavestudiedb tostudyc tobestudyingd tohavebeenstudying a c b 4 原题 wehadthreesetsofgardentoolsandweseemedtohavenousefor 2004浙江 改编 wehadtwosetsofgardentoolsandweseemedtohavenousefor a noneb eitherc anyd each c b 5 原题 whichofthethreewaysshallitaketothevillage wayasyouplease 2004福建 改编 whichofthetwowaysshallitaketothevillage wayasyouplease a eachb everyc anyd either d c 6 原题 thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear 80 aresoldabroad 2004辽宁 改编 thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear 80 aresoldabroad a ofwhichb whichofc ofthemd ofthat a c 1 doyouhave athomenow stella no westillhavetogetseveralpoundsoffruitandsometea a anythingb everythingc somethingd nothing2 doesjimdohisnewjobwell hisoldjob howstupid ifearthereisnohopeforhim a nobetterthanb notbetterthanc notsowellasd notaswellas 语境化 单项选择题举例 b a 3 idon tknow ofthestrangers i vegotnobodytotalkwith a neitherb everyonec anyd none4 1 doyouhaveanything no i mfree 2 doyouhaveanything oh thankyou icanmanageitmyself a todob tobedonec doingd do c a b 二 参考命题意图 排除各种干扰高考的选拨性决定了单项填空题不会让所有的人顺利过关 这就必然会通过各种方法来增加干扰信息 往往造成考生失分 命题人通常从以下角度来设计干扰信息 一 句型的转换 对策 运用还原法 再现真面目下面举例说明 1 everyminuteismadefull of ourlessons a use studyb useful tostudyc use tostudyd used studying 还原为 weshouldmakefull ofeveryminute ourlessons 2 whowouldyourather withyoutomorrow tomorsmith a havetogob havegoc havegoned hadgo 改为 youwouldrather who withyoutomorrow tomorsmith b 3 howpleasedtheboywas whathisparentssaid a hearingb heardc heard tohear 还原为 theboywasverypleased whathisparentssaid d 4 itwas theoldclockthattheoldmanspentthewholemorningathome a repairb repairingc torepaird inrepair5 isthemansaidthatreallytrue a thatb whatc allthatd thatall b a 还原为 theoldmanspentthewholemorning theoldclockathome 还原为 themansaidthatisreallytrue 6 whatshouldidowiththispassage themainideaofeachparagraph 2005重庆31 a findingoutb foundoutc findoutd tofindout 补全为 youshould themainideaof c 7 aboutwildplantsthattheydecidedtomakeatriptomadagascarforfurtherresearch 2005江苏 a socuriousthecouplewasb socuriouswerethecouplec howcuriousthecouplewered thecoupleweresuchcurious b 二 插入语干扰这类题主要是利用插入语 增加句子的复杂程度 从而达到干扰考生视线的目的 对策 去掉插入语 hebelievesinhimself inmyopinion isofthemostimportance a thatb whichc whatd as b 2 2005山东 theshopkeeperdidnotwanttosellfor hethoughtwasnotenough a whereb howc whatd which c 2 thewriterandprofessor whomioftenrefertoatthemeetings famousforthoseworks a isb arec amd were3 weshoulddomoresuchexercisesinthefuture ithink thosewedidyesterday a asb likec aboutd than4 hewilltellyou heexpectswillwinsuchamatch a whyb whomc whichd who a d d 6 heoftenstandsagainstthefenceandtalksendlesslywithmyfather gardeningproblems a tob tooc aboutd off7 it snotnecessaryforustohave crashdiets willmakeusloseweight a thatsomecompaniessaytheyb thatsomecompaniessayc somecompaniessayd whichsomecompaniessaythat c b 8 aschinafacesuptoabattleagainstbirdflu thegovernmentannouncedarangeofcontrolmeasures believeswillbringthediseaseundercontrol a itb thatc whichitd this9 heseemed moreanxiousthani frommyfather a much heardb abit wouldhearc even toheard quite hadheard c it c 10 2004天津 helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers ofcourse madetheothersenvyhim a whob thatc whatd which11 heturnedofftheheadlampofthecartokeepthelightfromflashinginthroughthewindowofjack shouseand jackup a wokeb wakingc waked towake d b 三 标点符号干扰标点符号在英语句式中的配合作用是不容忽视的 从英语的句型结构这一角度来看 它甚至是起着决定性的作用 它决定着句子的单复形式 决定着选词造句等其他诸多问题 对策 掌握英语中逗号的作用 常见句子结构及并列连词 1 tom suretocometomorrow aisb bec wasdwouldbe2 allthemoney johnhadtostartlookingforajob a wascostb hadcostc havingbeenspentd havingspent3 ihadtowalkhome a therewasnobusb therebeingnobusc therewerenobusesd therewasnotabus b c b 4 thewomanstoodhere hersharpeyes onmyface a fixb fixedc werefixedd fixing5 thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight alongspeechforthepresident a toprepareb preparingc preparedd waspreparing b b 四 省略句干扰对策 补充省略成分 确定正确选择 1 whatmadeyousohappy a becauseofmypassingtheexam b ipassedtheexam c becauseipassedtheexam d mypassingtheexam 2 sheislookingsoforwardasmuchtohisreturnashehimselfto her a haveseenb seeingc seed havingseen mademesohappy d 改 sheislookingsoforwardasmuchtohisreturnashehimself islookingforward to her b 3 tomisbetteratphysicsthanjack butnot atchemistry a goodb betterc asgoodd toogood4 ican tfindmr morris wheredidyoumeethimyesterday itwasinthehotel hestayed a whereb whichc thatd theone 改 tomisbetteratphysicsthanjack butnot as atchemistry c thatimeethimyesterday a 五 思维定势干拢所谓定势思维 就是习惯性地遵循某一单一模式进行的思维 对策 运用意群及结构分析法1 it sworthmuch isworthdoing a doingitb todowhatc whattodod dowhat isworthdoingisworthmuch b 2 couldyoutellmethewayyou vethoughtof a todoitb doingitc doitd howtodoit3 itistheyoungman lookedforthatcaughtthemurderer a theyb theywerec wered thattheywere a a 4 don tletthechildwhois gotoschool a soyoungastob notoldenoughtoc tooyoungtod notoldenough5 theyinsistedthatthecruelwoman thrownintoprison a referstob referredtobec referredtobeingd referstobe6 hereissobigastone noonecanmove a thatb whichc asd asto d theyinsistedthatthecruelwoman referredto should bethrownintoprison b c cf hereissobigastone noonecanmoveit a 8 shetoldus shehaddone a allwhatb allwhichc allthosed allofit9 amoderncityhasbeensetupin wasawastelandtenyearsago 2004天津 a whatb whichc thatd where shetold usall whatshehaddone a aplacewhich a 11 inordernottobedisturbed ispentthreehours inmystudy a lockingb lockedc tolockd tobelocked12 hemadeuphismindtodevotehislife pollution happily a toprevent toliveb toprevent fromlivingc topreventing tolived toprevent living b c 13 assoonashecomesback i lltellhimwhen andseehim 2005北京29 a youwillcomeb willyoucomec youcomed doyoucome a warmtips whileyouaredoingmultiplechoiceinanenglishexam techniqueisofnouseunlessitiscombinedwithagoodknowledgeandunderstandingoftheenglishlanguage flowingriversays 一 应注意全面审题 克服顾前不顾后或只顾结构和形式 不考虑语言意义和情景提示的思维习惯 二 充分依据题中信息找出提示 或者全面考虑找出暗示 三 特别注意主从句 插入语 时态 标点符号和一些复杂成分的干扰 practicemakesperfect 天天勤拾漏天天来补缺常欢笑莫强作愁 频静思不惹尘忧命道浮沉有曲幽 阳光总在风雨后 godhelpshimwhohelpshimself ican justdoit 一 增强学生的语境意识 提高学生分析语境的能力 语境题包含语境信息 题干中的语境信息常是单词 短语或句子 有时甚至是一个标点符号 准确把握语境信息可以成功地解答单选题 二 参考命题意图 排除各种干扰高考的选拨性决定了单项填空题不会让所有的人顺利过关 这就必然会通过各种方法来增加干扰信息 往往造成考生失分 命题人通常从以下角度来设计干扰信息 一 句型的转换 对策 运用