chapter1StyleandStylistics教案

chapter1StyleandStylistics教案 Course:English StylisticsTime:Sep.6-30Course material:English Stylistics:A NewCourse Book新编英语文体学教程董启明编著外语教学与研究出版社Teaching procedure:Part OneTheoretical Preliminaries(理论预备)and MajorVarieties（主要变体）of EnglishChapter1Style andStylistics1.1Introduction1.What isLanguage?And inwhich aspects of languagedoes stylisticsfocus on?A.Language is the primaryobject of the studyof linguistics,and linguistsconstruct theoriesof language in generalor ofparticular languagesfrom differingpoints ofview.The discussionof theconcepts ofstyle shouldfocus onsome essentialaspectsof language onwhich mostlinguists agree.B.Language isviewed asa systemof differenttypes oflinguistic organizationsuch asphonology,syntax andlexicon.The Englishlanguage consistsof itspattern ofsounds,sets ofgrammatical rulesand alarge bodyof vocabulary.C.Language isalso a social phenomenon,or institution,whereby peoplemunicate andinteract witheach other.A languageof aparticular societyis partof thesocietys culture.Language activitiesoperate withinsocial activities.The languageof aparticipant in a socialactivity reflects his socialcharacteristics(such ashis status,ethnic group,age andsex).It alsoreflectshisawareness of the variousfactors of asocialsituation inwhich hefinds himself.He shouldadjust hislanguagein aordance with the mediumof munication(speech orwriting),the setting(private orpublic),the relationshipwith theaddressee(in termsof thedegree ofintimacy orsocial distance),and thepurpose(to inform,to persuade,etc.).2.Varieties变体of Language(variety=style)A.Varieties inrelation toregions-British/American EnglishB.Varieties inrelation tomedia-Spoken English/Written EnglishC.Varieties inrelation toattitude-degrees offormality/politeness/impersonality/imformality D.Varieties inrelation tosocial factors-Womens English/Black English/Taboo andEuphemism E.Varieties inrelation tosocial Genre-The Englishof Conversation/Public speaking/News reporting/Advertising/Literary English(The Novel/Poetry)/Science andTechnology/Legal Documents2.Read the following groupof sentences:Are thereany differencesbetween them?a.My belovedparent hasjust passedto hisheavenly reward.hyper-formal,literary b.My dearfather hasjust expired.formal,unemotional c.My dearfather hasjust died.normal,factual d.My dadhas rmal,plain e.My oldman justkicked thebucket.slangy,lacking inrespect3.Varieties analysistheory-Stylistics(文体学)Essence of stylistics:Appropriate use of language is consideredthe key to effective munication.e.g.How tosuck anegg?(Example andAnalysis:Page3)1Analysis:The differencelies in the factthat theyoung studentused somebig andformal words,such asperforation(齿孔,hole),apex(顶点，最高点top),aperture(小孔，缝隙，opening),inhaling（吸气）discharged（流出）,which madeher utterancedifficult to understand,especially by an old woman withoutmuch education,while theoldwomanused informalwords,such asgal,hole,end andsuck.As aresult,her utteranceis easytounderstand.Note:Different stylesshould beused ondifferent oasions,and thekey to the effectiveuseof languageis“appropriateness”,and thekeytoeffectivemunicationistheability touse languageappropriately,otherwise wecannot achieveour purpose of munication.1.2Definitions ofStyle/Stylistics/Text1.Text Definition:A TEXTis anypassage,spoken orwritten,of whateverlength,that formsa unifiedwhole.It maybe theproduct of a singlespeaker/writer(e.g.a sign,a letter,a newsreport,a statue,a novel),or thatof severalspeakers(e.g.a pieceof conversation,a debate).For example,Two boysstood neara jewellers shop.They sawa manbreak the shop windowand steal all the watches.They ranafter him,because theytook himfor athief.Analysis:A text is realizedby asequence oflanguage units,whether theyare sentencesor not.The connectionamong partsof atextisachieved byvarious cohesivedevices,and bysemantic andpragmatic implication.In the text youmay noticethefollowingmodifications,which serveas1)grammatical cohesivedevices:(a)the useof thedefinite articleon secondmention,e.g.a shop-theshopa man-the man(b)the substitutionof pronounsfor nouns.e.g.two boys-they(c)the useof conjunction.e.g.They ranafter him,because2)the lexicalcohesion inthetextis realizedby thecollocation of the wordsthat arein someway orother typicallyassociated withone another,e.g.stealallthewatches;took himfor athief2.Style Definition-Manners indicating prominent linguistic features,devices orpatterns,most(at least)frequently ourinaparticular textofaparticular variety oflanguage.Analysis:Manners(appropriateness)Study Aimsindicatingprominenta)linguistic features(phonological/lexical/syntactic/grammatical/semantic features),b)devices(device markers)or c)Patterns(文体/语体常规“型式”)Study Scopemost(or least)frequently our(words/sentences percentage)Study Approachinaparticulartext(语篇、篇章、文本)ofaparticularvarietyoflanguage.Study Material2.Stylistics2Definition-Stylistics isa branch of linguisticswhich studiesstyle ina scientificway concerning the manners/linguistic featuresof differentvarieties oflanguage at different levels.?A branchof linguisticswhich studiesstyle ina scientificand systematicwayStudy Approachconcerningthemanners/linguisticfeaturesStudy Aimsof differentvarieties oflanguageStudy ScopesatdifferentlevelsStudy Scopes.1.4The Developmentof StylisticsTable1In theWest Time1.Ancient“rhetoric(修辞)”2.Root ofStylistics1)Word“stylistics”first appearedonly in1882.Representatives Worksfamous ancientGreek allcontributed alot tothis branchof philosophersSocrates,Plato andlearning.Aristotle,et al.2)First bookon writtenbyaFrench scholarpublished in1909,entitled Traitede stylisticsCharles Bally,student of the StylistiqueFrancaise.-landmark offamous modernlinguist modernstylistics Ferdinandde Saussurein1902.3)“Father stylistics”of Germanscholar L.Spitzer(1887-1960),began toanalyze literaryworks froma stylisticpoint ofview.3.Modern Fromthe endofthe1950s tothe present time.Stylistics-4periods1)the endoftheFormalist Stylistics1950s-the endof prevailingtrend.the1960s.2)in1970s3)in1980s4)in1990s wasthe FunctionalistStylistics predominated.Discourse Stylisticsflourished.Socio-Historical/Socio-Cultural Stylisticsor ContextualizedStylistics developedquickly.stylistics hasenjoyed furtherdevelopment,The trendis interdisciplinary(交叉学科)study,and narrative(叙事)stylistics,cognitive stylistics,feminist(女权主义)stylistics,etc.,will getfurther developed.5)in21century Table2In ChinaTime RepresentativesWorks31.Ancient time刘勰intheSouthern Dynasty南北朝period.a workof literacycriticism-The CarvingoftheLiterary Mindby LiuXie(465-532)文心雕龙刘勰Principle ofRhetoric（修辞学发凡） (1932)indicated thebeginning of modern Chinesestylistics.In1963,Wang Zuoliangpublished anarticle entitled“On theStudy ofEnglish Style”(王佐良，1980).2.Modern ChineseStylistics1)Root ofStylistic ChenWangdaos（陈望道）Study2)The studyof modernwestern stylisticsin ChinaA.the foundingofthePeoples Republicof Chinatotheyear1976.(fundamental stage).some scholars,such asWang Zuoliang（王佐良）,Xu Guozhang（许国璋）,Xu Yanmou,Yang Renjing,et al.,began tostudy stylisticsin itsmodern sense.B.from1977up toIt wasalso ProfessorWang thepresenttime.Zuoliang whotook thelead inthe researchofmodernstylistics.In thisperiod,more andmore academicworks werepublished.The followinglist exemplifiesthe achievementsWang Zuoliang,1980.英语文体学论文集.北京外语教学与研究出版社Introduction toEnglish Stylistics-Wang Zuoliang&Ding Wangdao,1987.英语文体学引论.王佐良，丁往道.北京外语教学与研究出版社文心雕龙刘勰摘录?说文云:“体,总十二属也,从骨。 即体的本义指人体骨骼系统,有整体构成之义,象喻思维模式中,文体的语言结构可以借此