高中英语名词性从句jianping选修八名词性从句2.ppt

名词性从句 nounclauses 一 相关概念 1 名词 表示人或事物的名称的词叫名词 2 名词的句法作用 名词在句中主要作主语 宾语 表语和同位语 另外还可以作定语 状语 3 名词性从句 在英语的句子结构中 本来该由名词充当的主语 宾语 表语和同位语 由一个句子来充当 这个句子就叫名词性从句 4 名词性从句的种类 根据名词性从句在句子中所充当的不同成分 名词性从句可以分为主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句和同位语从句 1 whenwewillstartisnotclear 2 mrsblackwon tbelievethathersonhasbecomeathief 3 myideaisthatweshoulddoitrightnow 4 ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 名词性从句的种类 1 主语从句 从句在句中充当主语成分 1 thathewillsucceediscertain 2 whetherhewillgothereisnotknown 3 whathesaidisnottrue 4 wherehehidthemoneyistobefoundout 5 whoevercomesiswelcome 6 it scertainthathewillsucceed 7 howwecanhelpthetwinswillbediscussedatthemeeting 8 whenthey llstarttheprojecthasnotbeendecidedyet it的用法 形式主语 it possible important necessary clear that 很可能 重要的是 必要的是 很清楚 it said reported that 据说 据报道 it sbeenannounced declaredthat 已经通知 宣布 itseems appears happens that 显然 明显 碰巧 it snowonderthat 并不奇怪 无疑 it sapity afact acommonknowledge 众所周知 acommonsaying 俗话说 1 whether可以引导主语从句 但if不能 2 为避免主语冗长 句子头重脚轻 经常用it作形式主语 主语从句放在后面作真正的主语 例 注意点 2 用if或whether填空 1 idon tknow i llbefreetomorrow 2 idon tknow ornoti llbefreetomorrow 3 thequestionis thisbookisworthwriting whether if whether whether 4 itdependson wewillhaveenoughmoney 5 theycandoitmatterslittletous 6 youarenotfreetomorrow i llgowithoutyou 归纳 a 主语从句 表语从句 同位语从句 介词后面的宾语从句只能用whether 不能用if b 后面紧跟ornot时 用whether whether whether if itiswellknown reported thought said that itisclear necessary certain true doubtful that itisapity ashame anhonour that itdoesn tmatterwhether itseemsthat ithappensthat 2 宾语从句 从句在句中充当宾语成分 可以作谓语动词 介词 不定式等非谓语动词的宾语 连词 that whether if that常可省略 who what which whoever whatever whenwherewhyhow1 theyknowthatthehabitwillkillthem 2 italldependsonwhethertheywillsupportus 3 heaskedhowmuchipaidfortheviolin 4 hemadeitcleartothepublicthathedidanimportantandnecessaryjob 5 ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomework 1 whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a 当whether后紧跟ornot时 不用if eg idon tknowwhetheriwillstayornot b 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if eg iworryaboutwhetherihurtherfeeling 注意 2 that在宾语从句中的省略与保留a 在主 谓 it 形式宾语 宾补 that从句 真正宾语 的句型中不省略 eg wemustmakeitclearthatwemeanwhatwesay b 由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中 第二个that不省略 eg hetoldme that hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime 3 表语从句 从句在句中充当表语成分 一般放在连系动词之后 作用 对主语进行解释说明 连接词 that whether asif asthough if不引导表语从句 连接代词 who whom whose which what连接副词 when where why how because thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim that sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime helookedasifhewasgoingtocry that swhyiwaslate 另外 在名词性从句中 我们还须特别注意以下问题 填空 1 thereason wedidn ttrusthimis hehasoftenlied 2 thereason hegaveforhisabsentis hewasill reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导 不能用why引导 但reason后面的定语从句可以用why或者that引导 注意 在表语从句中 表 是否 时 只能用 whether 不能用 if 一般情况下 that 不能省 itis wasbecause itis waswhy 3 thereason why for is wasthat 4thereasonisbecause why that 4同位语从句 从句在句中充当同位语成分 其一般跟在一些抽象名词 idea belief fact truth problem news等 后面 对名词作进一步解释说明 同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when where why how whether 1 theideathatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople 2 wordcamethatnapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspectthem 3 sydneykepthispromisethathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforlucietomakesureofherhappiness 1 twothirdsofallgirlsinbritainareonadiet thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot 2 thequeenofenglandwasonathree dayvisitinchina weheardthenewslastnight thefactthattwothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot weheardthenewslastnightthatthequeenofenglandwasonathree dayvisitinchina 4 timetravelispossible thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea 5 chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople especiallykidsinschool 3 teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline manybritishparentsholdtheview manybritishparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn tspendtoomuchtimeonline thereisnoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible thesuggestionthatchinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople especiallykidsinschool 引导名词从句的关联词 分析下列宾语从句中的连词 idon tdoubt that youwillsucceed idon tknowwhether ifhewillcometonight idoubtif whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise 3个句子中的连词that whether if 是否 在名词性从句中只起连接作用 在句中不担任成分 被称为连接词注意 a that本身无意义 在宾语从句中可以省略 但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略 b whether和if有是否的意义 在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换 但whether可以用于所有的四种名词性从句 而if仅可以用于宾语从句 连接词 ii choosethebestanswer 1 theyexpressedthehope theywouldcomeovertochina a whichb thatc whomd when2 thefact hedidn tseetomyesterdayistrue a thatb whichc whend what3 ihavenoidea hewillcomeback a whereb whenc whatd that 4 thenews surprisedeverybodyyesterdaynowprovestobefalse a thatb whenc whatd how5 oneofthemenheldtheview thebooksaidwasright a whatthatb thatwhichc thatwhatd whichthat6 wordhascome someamericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek a whatb whetherc thatd which 7 thequestionis thefilmisworthseeing a ifb whatc whetherd how8 theyreceivedorders theworkbedoneatonce a whichb whenc d that9 thereason ihavetogois mymotherisillinbed a why whyb why becausec why thatd that because 10 ican tunderstandis shewantstochangehermind a what whyb which howc that whyd what because11 hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain a thatb whetherc ifd evenif 12 itisknowntous wherethereispollution thereisharm a whichb wherec whatd that13 ihavetheinformation a ofwhathe llcomesoonb thathe llcomesoonc ofthathe llcomesoond hiscomingsoon 14 isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball itmademenearlymad a thathebrokeb whathebrokec hebroked hisbreak15 itremainsaquestion wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime a howb thatc whend what 16 canihelpyou