高中英语必修5 L14的语法知识北师大版高中英语必修5.ppt

reportedspeech 定义 直接引语 直接引用别人的原话 并在原话前后加引号 例 hesaid itistoolate 间接引语 用自己的话转述别人的话 多数以宾语从句的形式构成 例 hesaiditwastoolate 人称的变化 在间接引语当中 人称要根据句子的意思做出相应的变化 如 第一人称i we第三人称her him themeg listentome please johnsays johnasksustolistentohim shesaid iamhungry shesaidshewashungry 第二人称you第一 三人称me us her him them johnorderedustorepairanoldpump johnorderedthemtorepairandoldpump iwantyoutorepairanoldpump johnsays 第三人称she he them 不变人物名称john natureao natureaotellsme them togiveheraletter pleasegiveheraletter natureaotells 第二 时态变化直接引语变间接引语时 间接引语的时态要与主句的时态一致 报道过去某人所说的话 间接引语的时态要改变 其规律如下图 直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时现在完成时过去完成时将来进行时将来完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去将来时 过去进行时 过去完成时 不变 过去将来进行时 过去将来完成时 注意 1 直接引语为客观真理时 间接引语时态不变 仍用一般现在时 teachertoldus themoonmovesroundtheearth teachertoldusthemoonmovesroundtheearth 2 直接引语为一般过去时并且与具体时间状语连用时 间接引语仍用一般过去时 shesaid iwenttoenglandin1998 shesaidshewenttoenglandin1998 3 主句为一般现在时或一般将来时的时候 间接引语时态不变 hesays iboughtyouabookyesterday hesaysthatheboughtmeabookyesterday 第三 指示代词 时间状语 地点状语和动词的变化 直接引语间接引语指示代词thisthatthesethose时间状语nowthentoday tonightthatday thatnightyesterdaythedaybeforethisweek year termthatweek year termtwoyearsagotwoyearsbeforetomorrowthenext followingdaynextyearthenextyear地点状语herethere动词comegobringtake 第四 句式变化 1 陈述句变间接引语时 用that连接 如 shesaid iamagirl shesaidthatshewasagirl that可以省略 2 一般疑问句 选择疑问句和反意疑问句变间接引语时 要用陈述语气 并要加连词if或whether 例如 sheaskedme areyoumr li sheaskedmeifiwasmr li sheaskedus doyouwanttogoonapicnic sheaskedusifwewantedtogoonapicnic 3 特殊疑问句变间接引语要用特殊疑问词引导 例如 howmuchhavewespentonpetrolthisyear susanaskedherhusband susanaskedherhusbandhowmuchtheyhadspentonpetrolthatyear 4 祈使句变间接引语 一改二变三加四去 一改 said to 改为asked或told ordered等二变 saidto的宾语变为asked等的宾语三加 即在动词原形前加to 使成为动词不定式四去 去掉please例 hesaidtoher don ttakethebookaway heaskedhernottakethebookaway completetherule whenwereportpeople srequestsorordersweusethepattern infinitive to verb ask tell ordersomebody whentheorderorrequestisnegative weusethepattern ask tell ordersomebody infinitive toverb not 5 感叹句变为间接引语 whatawfulweatheritis shesaid shecomplainedabouttheawfulweather reporttheseordersandrequests usethebeginningsprovided 1 couldyoulendmeapen peteraskedme 2 don tlosethereceipt it simportant thesalesgirlinstructedtheshoppernottolosethereceipt tolendhimapen 4 canyougivemealifthome maryaskedjohn 3 checkforerrors please theteacherorderedtheclass tocheckforerrors togiveheralift home ifhecouldgiveheralifthome 5 don tdrinkthatliquid idon tthinkit swater theboyadvisedthegirl notto drinkthatliquid 6 readthetextandanswerthecomprehensionquestions theteachertoldthestudentsto readthetextandanswerthecomprehensionquestions themanagerofanofficeisilland onthephone givesherassistantinstructionsforthepeopleintheoffice rewritetheinstructionsstartingwithtell mrs smithmustcancelmytriptoparis 2 johnmustmovepeter sdesktoroom308 tellmrs smithtocancelmytriptoparis telljohntomovepeter sdesktoroom308 3 heshouldn tannouncetheresultsbeforetheendofthemonth tellhimnottoannouncetheresultsbeforetheendofthemonth 5 marymustn tsendthechartsoffbeforeicomeback 4 heshouldconsultmr jensenaboutthenewaccountonthe24th tellhimhehastopickupmr jensenfromtheairportonthe24th tellmarynottosendthechartsoffbeforeicomeback 6 sheshouldpreparetheinformationineedformypresentation tellhertopreparetheinformationineedformypresentation readthenoticeonhowtobehaveonthefirstdayinanewjob reporteachpieceofadvice thenoticeadvisespeopletobefriendlyandkind andtellsthemnottowearcasualclothes thenoticetellspeoplenottoshareverypersonalinformation thenoticetellspeoplenottotrytomakefriendswiththeboss thenoticetellspeopletolistenratherthanspeakandlearnasmuchaspossibl