Lesson-50-New-Year-resolutions-新年的决心.doc

Lesson 50 New Year resolutions 新年的决心【New words and expressions】 生词和短语resolution n. 决心 mentally adv. 内心里 compile v. 编辑，编制formidable adj. 令人畏惧的 recur v. 再发生，又出现regularity n. 规律性 accomplishment n. 成就attainment n. 达到 inveterate adj. 根深蒂固的self-improvement n. 自我完善 scheme n. 简单的计划，方案ambitious adj. 雄心勃勃的 pitfall n. 意外的困难，易犯的错误modest adj. 要求不过分的 assiduously adv. 刻苦地self-discipline n. 自我约束 frame n. 躯体betray v. 暴露，显露 troop v. 成群结队地走动unsettle v. 使不安 taunt n. 嘲笑，奚落人的话jibe n. 嘲弄，挖苦 good-humouredly adv. 和气地，心情好地wane v. 逐渐变小，变弱 diminish v. 减少，缩小hypnotize v. 使欲睡，使蒙胧undoing n. 祸根，毁灭的原因 screen n. 电视机屏幕 resolution n. 决心, 决定Hes always making good resolutions but he never carries them out.他决心经常下得很大, 但从不实行。show great resolution表示极大的决心a man of great resolution极其果断的人正式决定, 决议The committee have passed a resolution that conditions (should) be improved.委员会通过了改善环境的决议。坚决; 坚定; 坚毅His speech ended on a note of resolution.他演讲结束时语气很坚决。解决, 解答The lawyers advice led to the resolution of this difficult problem.律师的劝告帮助解决了这个难题。resolution of doubt疑团的清除分辨力, 分辨率度 visual resolution目力分辨率There are satellites that supply high-resolution photography.有些卫星能提供高分辨率的摄影图像。resolution 1. the quality of being resolute / formal decision 决心，决议 take resolution to do sth. / make up ones mind to do sth.be determined to do sth. / decide to do sth.resolve / resolve to do sth. resolve sb. on sth. 使某人做某事Eg: Before we came here, we resolved to learn English hard.I resolved him on English study.Nobody resolved him on this decision. 没有人使他做这样的决定。 resolute adj. 坚决的，果断的; 刚毅的He was resolute in carrying out his plan.他坚决地实行他的计划。resolution / resolve / resoluteEg: We must be true in word and resolute in deed. 我们必须是言必信，行必果。 mentally adv. 内心里; 精神上; 智力上 mental adj.精神的, 头脑的, 心理的, 智力的His mental abilities are very good.他的智力非常好。精神病的A mental hospital has just been set up here.这里刚刚建成一座精神病医院。 mental disorder (=derangement)精神错乱a mental test智力测验mental deficiency【心理】智力不足a mental specialist精神病医生mental telepathy心电感应mental anguish内心的痛苦go mental发疯a mental medium灵媒巫师mental patient精神病患者He got the answer by mental arithmetic.他用心算得出了答案。 compile v. 编辑，编制compile / edit vt. 收集; 编辑, 编制It takes years of hard work to compile a good dictionary.编辑一部好词典需要数年的艰苦工作。compile a guide book编指导手册compile an anthology of poems编诗集We are -ing an English-Chinese dictionary for high school students.我们在编辑一本中学生用的英汉辞典。editorcompile: collect information and arrange in a book (great book / dictionary )edit: collect information and arrange in newspaper or magazinevt. & vi.编辑He edited a book of poetry carefully.他认真地编辑了一本诗集。edit out(在编辑剪辑过程中)删除The auther has edited out all references to his own family.作者已将涉及他自己家庭之处剔除。Eg: The editor is busing editing the newspaper. formidable adj. 可怕的, 令人畏惧的He met with a woman with a formidable appearance.他遇到了一个样子可怕的女人。令人惊叹钦佩的 难以克服对付的Theres no formidable obstacles in the world.世上没有无法逾越的障碍。 recur v. 再发生，又出现recur vi.再发生; 复发Economic crises recur periodically.经济危机周期性地发生。Leap year recurs every four years.每四年闰年一次。Old memories constantly recurred to him.往事经常浮现在他的脑海里。 occur: happen vi.发生; 举行; 存在I hope this wont occur again.我希望不要再发生这种事情。if anything should occur, .如果发生什么事情的话,被发现; 想到起The word “gratitude” did not occur in his words.“感激”两字在他的话中是见不到的。. It occurred to me that .我刚刚想到. occur to A good idea occurred to me. / It occurred to him that he should open the door.recur: occur again incur: vt. 导致，招致，造成 （ lead to / result in / give rise to / cause）遭受; 招致, 引起He incurred a heavy loss through you.他因为你而遭受重大损失。Eg: Air pollution incurs some terrible dissease. regularity n. 规律性,规则性,整齐,匀称win a prize for regularity of attendance由于经常按时出勤而获奖 accomplishment n. 成就 完成(任务等)技能, (社交上的)才艺He valued birth above accomplishments.他把出身看得重于才能。pl.技艺, 才能a girl of many accomplishments多才多艺的姑娘Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing.她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。 attainment n. 达到 accomplish 成功地达到目的 vt.完成, 实现, 做成功My grandmother has accomplished the age of 97 years of her life.我祖母已达97岁高龄。accomplish ones object达到目的accomplish ones mission完成使命He can accomplish more in a day than any other boy in his class.他一天所完成的工作比他班上其他的孩子都多。accomplish ones purpose / goal / dream / aim /work / taskHe accomplished his journey.attain:得到，获得（经过艰苦努力）实现, 达到, 得到He attained the position of minister.他得到了部长的职位。attain ones goal达到目的attain the age of(年龄)有.岁了attain the top of a mountain到达山顶attain ones ambitionget sccess / attain successachieve : 达到一定目的时的表现及努力 取得, 获得They achieved some victories despite these setbacks.尽管受到这些挫折, 他们还是取得了一些胜利。实现, 达到, 完成You will achieve your ambition if you work hard.如果你努力, 你的抱负是可以实现的。achieve ones purpose达到目的achievesuccess获得成功achieve victory获得胜利This will help us achieve modernization.这有助于我们实现现代化。Eg: This is what he achieved after ten years of hard work.treasure / cherish / volue / prize 珍惜Eg: We always cherish what we have achieved.I feel very happy because you accomplish your dream.accomplishment: 成就（修养，才艺，本领方面）attainment 获得，得到Eg: Such accomplishment is beyond your attainment.His attainment is beyond my understanding.His accomplishment is unexpected to me.achievement / accomplishmentattain to / attainattain to : 某人希望达到的成就attain: 某人已经达到的成就Eg: He has attained heights that I can never attain to.This is the height that I hope to attain to.This is the height that I have attained. inveterate adj. (指习惯等)根深蒂固的=deep-rooted (指人)有恶习的, 成瘾的an inveterate prejudice根深蒂固的偏见an inveterate disease宿疾, 老毛病an inveterate habit积习an inveterate smoker烟瘾很大的人inveterate hatred for the enemy对敌人的刻骨仇恨 self-improvement n. 自我完善; 自我改善,自我修养 scheme n. 简单的计划，方案When you began to work, you might work out a practical scheme.当你开始工作之前, 你可以先制定出一个可行的计划。lay map, workout a practical scheme订出切实可行的计划a colourscheme色彩设计调配a scheme of wiring【电】线路图He has a scheme for increasing his income.他有一个增加收入的计划。阴谋, 诡计She has a lot of schemes.她有很多诡计。He planned to steal the money, but his schemes were discovered.他打算去偷那笔钱, 但他的诡计被揭穿了vt. & vi.策划; 图谋(for, to)They schemed out a new method of bridge building.他们设计了一种新的造桥方法。scheme (out) a new method of bridge building设计一种新的造桥法scheme for power阴谋夺权For months they had schemed to overthow the government.他们一连好几个月都在策划推翻政府。 ambitious adj. 有抱负的, 雄心勃勃的Only ambitious students get the best marks.有抱负的学生才能取得最好的成绩。有野心的He is an ambitious man.他是个有野心的人。 ambition n.抱负, 雄心, 野心soaring ambitions 壮志凌云His ambition knows no limits.他的野心是无止尽的。the height of ones ambition最高志向burn with an ambition野心勃勃渴望得到的东西The big house on the hill is my ambition.山上那所大房子是我所企望得到的。Eg: Everybody in the modern society must be ambitious.If you work hard, you can attain your ambition. pitfall n. 意外的困难，易犯的错误；意想不到的困难; Several pitfalls remain in the way of an agreement.在达成协议的进程中还有几个隐藏的困难。(捕猎野兽用的)陷阱The wolf was caught in a pitfall.那只狼是利用陷阱捉到的。 modest adj. 要求不过分的 谦虚的, 谦恭的He is a very modest person.他是位非常谦逊的人。a modest wish不大的希望a modest hotel普通旅馆modest capacity memory storage小容量存储器适中的, 适度的The price is very modest.价格是适中的。Eg: I make New Year resolution and I think them modest.Eg: Being modes is one of our virtues. modesty n.谦虚, 谦逊Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 谦虚使人进步,骄傲使人落后。He won praises for his modesty.他因谦虚而受赞扬。 assiduously adv. 刻苦地assiduously=diligentlyEg: If you study English assiduously, nothing is difficult.assiduous sidjusadj.专心致志的, 勤勉的The book was the result of ten years assiduous research.那本书是十年苦心钻研的成果。有恒的; 专心的; 勤勉的(in, at)殷勤的(over)be assiduous in ones duties专心于自己的职守He is assiduous over his visitor.他对来访者很殷勤。self-discipline n. 自我约束; 自律 self-improvement 自我完善 frame n. 躯体body 框架I need to buy new spectacle frames but I will keep the old lenses.我需要买新的眼镜框, 不过我会留着旧镜片。骨架, 构架The house has a wooden frame which is braced with brick.这幢房子是木结构的砖瓦房。vt.给加框Will you frame the picture?你给这个画加个框好吗?frame a shelter for bicycles修一个自行车棚陷害, 诬告be framed美陷入圈套She framed Tom for something he never did.她陷害汤姆干了一些他从未干过的事。The prisoner claimed that he had been frameed by his enemies.犯人声称他是被仇人陷害了的。表达, 构造He framed his life according to a noble pattern.他以高尚的模式构筑自己生活的框架。frame a plan拟定计划 betray v. 暴露，显露,泄露, 表明Her accent betrays her a Londoner.她的口音说明她是伦敦人。对不忠, 背叛He promised never to betray the organization.他发誓永不背叛组织。出卖He betrayed his own brother.他出卖了他的亲兄弟。Eg: I dont know who betrayed me.Her face betrayed her nervousness. troop v. 成群结队地走动The miners trooped home.矿工们成群结队地回家了。成群结队地走, 排队前进 (along, in, out, to)若干人匆匆地走掉(off, away)They trooped around the teacher.他们群集在老师的周围。They trooped away to the football game.他们成群地去看足球。The students trooped into the auditorium.学生们列队走入大礼堂。 unsettle v. 使不安 扰乱, 使不安宁Will a change of schools unsettle the child?转学会扰乱孩子的情绪吗?Nothing can unsettle his resolution.什么也动摇不了他的决心。震动The earthquake unsettled the rocks up the mountain.那次地震震松了山上的石块。 taunt n. 嘲笑，奚落人的话 辱骂,嘲弄endure the taunts of their neighbors忍受他们邻人的笑骂taunt vt. 嘲弄,奚落taunt sb. with cowardice嘲笑某人懦怯They taunted him with being poor.他们讥笑他穷。 taunt sb. with sth. 因为某事而讥笑某人Eg: They taunt him with being poor / poverty. make fun of 嘲弄, 取笑It is wrong to make fun of a cripple.嘲笑残疾人是不对的。 laugh at 因而发笑We laughed at his jokes.我们听了他的笑话都笑了。嘲笑, 取笑Are you laughing at me?你在嘲笑我吗?蔑视; 对满不在乎He laughed at the difficulties.他不把这些困难当一回事。Eg: He is wearing a strange hat, so we make fun of him. jeer vi. 嘲笑, 戏弄(at)jeer at a defeated enemy嘲弄战败的敌人The crowd jeered when the boxer was knocked down.当那个拳击手被打倒时, 人们开始嘲笑他。n.嘲讽They shouted jeers at him.他们大声地嘲讽他。jeer at 嘲笑，戏弄Eg: We know he is eccentric, but anyway dont jeer at him mock / mock at Eg: Mocked (at ) by others, he had my sympathy.When the teacher is writing on the blackboard, naughty boy student mocked at him.scoff at / pour scorn onEg: Dont scoff at those students who dont have good accomplishment / mark.gibe gible at sb. / sth.taunt: try to make sb. angry or upset by saying unkind remarks.Eg: They taunted him with being poor, so he felt angry.gibe: say sth. that is intended to make the person look silly.Eg: I gibed at him because, in my opinion, he was dull. 朗读：taunt / make fun of / jeer at / mock / mock at / scoff at / gibe at jibe n. 嘲弄，挖苦; 嘲笑(at) vi.与一致What he says does not jibe with what others say.他所说的与其他人说的不一致。n.嘲笑, 嘲弄 good-humouredly adv. 和气地，心情好地 wane v. 逐渐变小，变弱; 减少Her enthusiasm for him was beginning to wane.她对他的热情在开始减退。(月)亏, 缺The moon waxes and wanes every month.月亮每个月都有圆缺。wane: becoming less or weakerEg: He exerts suttle influence on his children, but his children are growing up, so his influence is waning.wane: showing a decreasing bright area after full moon.The moon will wax, the moon will wane. 月有阴晴园缺 diminish v. (使)减少; 缩小The campers food supply gradually diminished as the days wore on.随着一天天的过去, 露营者的食物逐渐减少了。diminish the cost of production减小生产成本He likes to diminish the skill of others.他喜欢贬低别人的技术。减弱的权势Several unpopular decisions diminished the governors popularity.几项不得人心的决定使州长的声望下降。diminish: vt. make smaller in size, amout, number and so on.Eg: The Second World War diminished the countrys wealth.diminish vi. Eg: Time will never cause our friendship to diminish. 我们的友谊决不会因时间的流逝而淡薄。 reduceEg: If you reduce the price to 10 dollars, I will take it.reduce to / reduce by The shop assistant reduced the price by 10 dollars. lessen 数量，价值，可能性的降低sharp / sharped wide / widen quick / quickenEg: I agree to your idea that you can climb the tree, but anyway, please lesson the rick of being hurt / injoured I agree to your idea that you can climb the tree, but anyway, please lessen the risk of being hurt / injured.increase / decrease Eg: Our interest in English / clothes is increasing. lessen 可能性的降低wane 渐渐地衰退 hypnotize hipntaizv. 使欲睡，使蒙胧 对施催眠术 使着迷lull vt.抚慰, 哄,催人欲睡The movement of the train lulled me to sleep.火车轻微的震动催我进入梦乡。lull a baby to sleep哄小孩睡觉lull sb.s fears消除某人的恐惧vi.平静, 安静, 平息下来The wind lulled.风停了。n.暂停, 间歇, 稍止The drug put Simpson in a lull for thirty minutes.药物使辛普森安静了30分钟。a lull in conversation谈话的间断lull sb. to sleep undoing n. 祸根，毁灭的原因 解开,复旧,毁灭,取消vt. 解开; 拆去; 放松; 脱(衣服等) 废除; 使复原, 使失效; 使复旧Please undo the package.请解开这包裹。His pride will undo him some day.他的傲慢总有一天会毁了他。 screen n. 电视机屏幕 You can see him on the TV screen quite often.你可以经常从电视屏幕上见到他。银幕; 荧光屏a screen actor电影演员She first appeared on the screen ten years ago.十年前, 她第一次出现在银幕上。make a screen version of the novel将那部小说改编成电影剧本屏风, 帘, 纱窗The picture on this screen is a good artistic work.这屏风上的画是件很好的艺术品。a folding screen折迭屏风a smoke screen烟幕under screen of night在夜幕的掩护下a dust screen防尘网掩护物They hid behind the screen of bushes.他们躲在灌木丛后。vt.遮蔽, 掩护A floppy hat screened her face.一顶有边的软帽遮住了她的脸。放映(电影), 播放(电视节目)The film has been screened in the cinema.这部电影已在电影院放映。审查, 甄选Unsuitable candidates were screened out.那些不合格的候选人被筛选掉了。 【Text】 Lesson 50 New Year resolutions 新年的决心Listen to the tape then answer the question below.听录音，然后回答以下问题。 What marked the end of the writers New Year resolutions? The New Year is a time for resolutions. Mentally, at least, most of us could compile formidable lists of dos and donts. The same old favorites recur year in year out with monotonous regularity. We resolve to get up earlier each morning, eat less, find more time to play with the children, do a thousand and one jobs about the house, be nice to people we dont like, drive carefully, and take the dog for a walk every day. Past experience has taught us that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment. If we remain inveterate smokers, it is only because we have so often experienced the frustration that results from failure. Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to carry them out. We also make the fundamental error of announcing our resolutions to everybody so that we look even more foolish when we slip back into our bad old ways. Aware of these pitfalls, this year I attempted to keep my resolutions to myself. I limited myself to two modest ambitions: to do physical exercise every morning and to read more of an evening. An all-night party on New Years Eve provided me with a good excuse for not carrying out either of these new resolutions on the first day of the year, but on the second, I applied myself assiduously to the task.The daily exercises lasted only eleven minutes and I proposed to do them early in the morning before anyone had got up. The self-discipline required to drag myself out of bed eleven minutes earlier than usual was considerable. Nevertheless, I managed to creep down into the living room for two days before anyone found me out. After jumping about on the carpet and twisting the human frame into uncomfortable posi-tions, I sat down at the breakfast table in an exhausted condition. It was this that betrayed me. The next morning the whole family trooped in to watch the performance. That was really unsettling, but I fended off the taunts and jibes of the family good-humouredly and soon everybody got used to the idea. However, my enthusiasm waned. The time I spent at exercises gradually diminished. Little by little the eleven minutes fell to zero. By January 10th, I was back to where I had started from. I argued that if I spent less time exhausting myself at exercises in the morning, I would keep my mind fresh for reading when I got home form work Resisting the hypnotizing effect of television, I sat in my room for a few evenings with my eyes glued to a book. One night, however, feeling cold and lonely, I went downstairs and sat in front of the television pretending to read. That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen. I still havent given up my resolution to do more reading. In fact, I have just bought a book entitled How to Read a Thousand Words a Minute. Perhaps it will solve my problem, but I just havent had time to read it! 【课文讲解】 背熟：The New Year is a time for resolutions.a time for The spring Festival is a time for gathering.Mentally: at heartWe become illogical when we decide what can be eaten and what can not be eaten. dos and donts 注意事项;（该做和不该做的）行为准则 背熟：The same old favorites recur year in year out with monotonous regularity.favourite: resolutionrecur: happen / take placeyear in year out: one year after another / year by year年年, 岁岁, 年年如此They go to the same campsite year in year out.他们年年都去同一个营地野营。day by day / one day after another / day in day out monotonous regularity 单调的规律 resolve to : 下定决心做 a thousand and one 一千零一,无数的, 许多，非常多 背熟：Past experience has taught us that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment.It is hard for us to attain some certain accomplishmentcertain accomplishments are beyond attainment/ reach 有些事情是办不到的inveterate: deep rooted We should keep in mind that past experience, if not forgotton, is a guide for the future / will serve as . 我们应该谨记前事不忘后事之师。 背熟：If we remain inveterate smokers, it is only because we have so often experienced the frustration / that results from failure.Inveterate smokers= chain smokers = smoke like a chimney 烟瘾极大 Because we have too often experience the frustration, it means nothing to me.result from : 由 . 产生的 产生于, 由引起Nothing had resulted from our efforts.我们的努力没有产生什么结果。result in: lead to / cause引起, 导致; 以为结局The game resulted in another victory for our team.