大学六级翻译.doc

1、请将下面这段话翻译成英文： 礼貌在某些情况下礼貌原则不太适用。比如，当说话者与听话者进行互动时，交换信息对双方同等重要。他们之间的交谈将是直接的，此时礼貌原则就要退居二线。参考翻译:There are some situations where politeness can take a back seat. For example, when the speaker and the hearer are engaged in a collaborative activity and the exchange of. information is equally important to both of them, politeness would be given less consideration and the language they use tends to be direct and straightforward.2、请将下面这段话翻译成英文： 文章风格这本文集里的文章风格完全一致。在对语言的理解， 采用近来的哲学和语言学的方法了解个中含义这方面，这些文章向我们展示了某些“前沿”话题。“前沿”在这里有两层意思。其一：所讨论的话题都是现今思想与学术上比较前瞻性的东西。其二：对这些问题我们不太清楚或理解不够。我们所要做的就是尽可能地针对这些“前沿”话题提出尖锐成效的问题。 因而，在这本书里有些文章探讨的是在文学作品中的各种明暗关系，有些则是关于人们从未涉足的历史话题， 或是语言流和内部语言的结构。“前沿”话题的目的还在于：让人们注意到这些文章的评论和例子仅限于多种学科领域交叉的区域。文章中包括一些既有哲学性又有文学性的观点。最初关于文本现状的评论涉及政治和社会学。好几篇类似的文章都试图去阐释在语言学，诗歌和心理分析中的解读技巧三方面有所重叠而且颇为复杂的部分。参考翻译:The essays in this collection are composed entirely in this vein. Within the general field of the understanding of language, of the more recent philosophic and linguistic ways of approaching the meaning of meaning, they try to set out certain “frontier” topics. The word “frontier” has two relevant senses. The topics discussed are at the forward edge of current thought and scholarship. They are not yet clearly or fully understood. And what needs to be done is to formulate questions about them in as sharp and fruitful a way as possible. Thus, there are papers in this book on the relations, reflected or obscured in literature, and on the virtually unexplored subject of the history and formal structure of inward speech, of the language-stream we direct towards ourselves. “Frontier” also aims to suggest that these essays locate their analyses and examples at those points where different disciplines and areas of study meet The essay on difficulty deals with considerations which are simultaneously philosophical and literary. The initial comment on the current status of texts touches on political and sociological motifs In several of these papers，there are attempts to clarify somewhat the intricate overlaps between linguistics，poetics and techniques of decipherment developed in psychoanalysis.3、请将下面这段话翻译成英文： 汉字的演化从某种意义上说，汉语是一种很古老的语言，其最早的汉字已有近四千年的历史了。汉字在其漫长的发展史中演化成许多不同的书写形式，例如篆书、隶书、楷书和行书。中国书法家往往使汉字的字形夸张以取得艺术效果，例如旅游胜地的一些石刻碑文。中国书法是一门研究艺术，随着各位学习兴趣的提高，我们将适时介绍中国书法的流派，以及如何欣赏中国书法的艺术性。【翻译词汇】从某种意义上说 in a sense汉字 Chinese character演化 evolve书写形式 script form篆书 Seal script 隶书 Clerical script 楷书 Regular script 行书 Running script书法家 calligrapher致使 render取得 yield旅游胜地 tourist resort石刻碑文 stone inscription适时 in due time欣赏 appreciate【精彩译文】In a sense, Chinese is a very old language, and its earliest characters date back nearly four thousand years ago. During their long history of development, Chinese characters have evolved into many different script forms, such as the Seal script, Clerical script, Regular script and Running script. Chinese calligraphers usually render their Chinese characters in ways that exaggerate the form to yield artistic beauty, such as those in stone inscriptions seen in tourist resorts. Chinese calligraphy is a subject of artistic study. As your interest in Chinese character system increases in the days to come, we will introduce in due time the different schools of Chinese calligraphy, and how to appreciate the artistic beauty of Chinese calligraphy.4、请将下面这段话翻译成英文： 工作效力我认为个人的工作效力(以及对工作的满意度)的关键在于要了解是什么动机激励人们在工作时达到最高效率或最满意的状态。当然，这取决于我们自己要寻求机会来满足利用激励因素。当一项工作再也不能激励我们进步时，也就是该挪窝跳槽之日了。每种工作都具有生命周期，因此，要对你所干的工作做出准确的判断和评价以决定它是否仍是你想继续留守的地方。考虑如下几个因素。【参考翻译】I believe the key to personal effectiveness at work(and to job satisfaction,also)is knowing what motivates us to perform at our best.Its then up to us to seek opportunities to fulfill these motivations.When a job no longer motivates us,its time to move on.Jobs have lifecycles,so take stock of where you are and decide if thats where you want to be.Consider the following.5、请将下面这段话翻译成英文： 动力在一段时间里，动力的发展一直是衡量进步和国家在技术上竞争的主要尺度。首先在海上，接着在铁路上，然后在公路上，后来在天空，最后在太空，越来越快的运动被视为一件无需担忧的好事，同时，以某种模糊的方式，越来越快的运动被看成是更充分理解世界的一把钥匙。【参考翻译】Advances in motive power were for a long while the main way in which progress and national competition in technology were measured.First at sea,then on the railways,then on the roads,in the air and finally in space,more and more rapid movement was seen as an carefree good and also,in some vague way,as a key to a fuller understanding of the world.6、请将下面这段话翻译成英文： 强加意志每当我和朋友在乡间的时候，我知道随时随刻，除非雨真下到头上，某君必然会突然说道，“散步去!”其口气之强硬，是其他任何情况下都见不到的。人们总以为，去散步的想法是与生俱来的尊贵与高尚。有如此念头的人觉得，每当他看到有人舒舒服服坐在椅子上看上，他就有权力将散步的愿望加诸其身。对于一个老朋友，简单地说声“不”倒也省事，但对于一般相识，你就必须找出一个借口。【参考翻译】Whenever I am with my friends in the countryside,I know at any time,unless it rains,someone would suddenly say to me“go and take a walk”.The way he speaks is so strong that it is rarely seen in other circumstances.People always hold it that the very idea of taking a walk goes with inborn dignity and nobility.For people having that idea in mind,when he sees others sitting comfortably in a chair and reading,he would think that he has the power to impose the wish of taking a walk on the one seated.While an old friend would take a simple “No”for an answer,but not the ordinary acquaintance,you have to find some excuse.7、请将下面这段话翻译成英文： 九寨沟 九寨沟的山水风光，纵有万丽千奇，一旦离开原始的自然美，就一切都没有了。”他们的见解是精辟的。当你步入沟中，便可见树正群海荡漾生辉，瀑布舒洒碧玉。一到金秋，满山枫叶绛红。盛夏，湖山幽翠。仲春，树绿花艳四时都呈现出它的天然原始，宁静幽深。【参考翻译】All the beauty of Jiuzhaigou is endowed by nature. If the natural charm were removed, there would be no more of Jiuzhaigou.Mystic lakes and sparkling waterfalls captivate your eyes as you enter the ravine.The trees are their greenest in spring when intensified by colorful flowers.In summer, warm tints spread over the hills and lakelands.As summer merges into autumn, the maple trees turn fiery-red, splashing color through the thickly forested hills. Tranquility pervades primitive Jiuzhaigou throughout the year.8、请将下面这段话翻译成英文： 红楼梦红楼梦问世二百年以来,通过汉文原文和各种译文读过此书的人,不知有多少亿!这么多的读者哪一个是先看批评家的文章,然而再让批评家牵着鼻子走,按图索骥地去读原作呢?我看是绝无仅有的。一切文学作品,特别是象红楼梦这样伟大的作品,内容异常地丰富,涉及到的社会层面异常地多,简直象是一个宝山，一座迷宫。而读者群就更加复杂，他们来读红楼梦，会各就自己的特点，欣赏该书中的某一个方面，受到鼓舞，受到启发，引起了喜爱;也可能受到打击，引起了憎恶。总之是千差万别。【参考翻译】Ever since the publication of A Dream of Red Mansions some 200 years ago, hundreds of millions of people have read its Chinese original or its translations in various languages. Of these innumerable people, how many have read the novel by starting with a perusal of the critics articles and allowing themselves to be led by the nose by the critics as to how to read the novel? Next to none. All literary works, especially a monumental one like A Dream of Red Mansions, are extremely rich in content and involve diverse social strata-to such an extent that they virtually resemble a mountain of treasure or a labyrinth. And the readers are even more complicated, differing from each other in family background. They will each appreciate a certain aspect of the novel according to their own individuality. They may feel inspired and enlightened, and hence love it, or they may feel hurt, and hence loathe it. In short, the reactions vary.9、请将下面这段话翻译成英文： 中国梦 几千年的中国文化充实着中国梦，同时，过去三十几年的改革开放也激励着中国梦。中国梦最显著的特征是包容性和双赢合作。这些也是使中国梦扩大它的全球影响范围和被其他国家的人民认可的基本特征。中国梦是民族复兴的梦。它是建设一个强大繁荣的国家，给中国人民带来幸福生活的梦。中国梦需要维持稳定健康的经济发展，科学管理社会，以及有效应对外部发展的风险和挑战。【翻译词汇】中国梦 the Chinese dream改革开放 reform and opening-up激励 inspire包容性 inclusiveness双赢合作 win-win cooperation扩大 expand民族复兴 national rejuvenation 强大(的) powerful 繁荣的 prosperous需要 entail 稳定健康的 steady and healthy 应对 respond to外部发展 external development 风险 risk 挑战 challenge【精彩译文】The Chinese dream has been enriched by thousands of years of Chinese culture and inspired among other things by the past three decades of reform and opening-up. The most noticeable features of the Chinese dream include inclusiveness and win-win cooperation. These are the very features that will enable the Chinese dream to expand its global reach and be recognized by people of other nations. The Chinese dream is the dream of national rejuvenation. It is the dream of building a powerful and prosperous state, a dream of bringing happiness in the lives of the Chinese people. It entails sustaining steady and healthy economic growth, scientifically managing the Chinese society, and effectively responding to the risks and challenges of external development.10、请将下面这段话翻译成英文： 自然和科学 科学和自然界中一切存在的事物和发生的现象的特点和过程有关。科学包括整个自然界，它精辟地阐述了人类关于各种自然现象是如何彼此联系并如何构成我们所说的宇宙的种种概念的。科学有许多特性，要了解科学是什么，就得详细地考察一下这些性能和特点。有一些作者断言说科学实际上只是一种方法科学的方法。这样的定义是过于简单化了。但是科学方法在决定科学知识的性质方面肯定起着重要的作用【参考译文】Science is related to all the existing things and thecharacteristics and process of the phenomenahappening in nature.Science contains the wholenature,which develpos various penetrating viewsabout human beings conceptions that how variousnatural phenomena are related together and how they constitute our so-called universe.Science has many characteristics.We have to inspect those functions and characteristics indetail if we want to know what the science is.Some authors assert that science in fact is a kindof method-scientific method.This definition is over simplified.But obviously the scientificmethod plays an important role in deciding the nature of the scientific knowledge.11、请将下面这段话翻译成英文： 读书的欲望 我一向没有对于任何问题作高深研究的野心,因之所买的书范围较广,各方面差不多都有一点。最多的是各国文学名著的译本,与本国古来的诗文集,别的门类只是些概论等类的入门书而已。我不喜欢向别人或图书馆借书。借来的书,在我好像过不来瘾似的,非得是自己买的才满足。这也可谓是一种占有的欲望。参考翻译：I do not always have ambitions to do advanced studies on any topic, thus the books I bought cover a wide range of subjects, and every subject is covered a little. Most of my books are the translated version of the world literature works and the Chinese collections of poem. Others are introductions and primers. I dont like to borrow books from other people or library. Those borrowed books couldnt satisfy me, except for those I bought. This can be seemed as a desire to own something.12、请将下面这段话翻译成英文：读书之道切勿对作者颐指气使，努力去适应他。要与他合作，合伙创作。如果从一开始就踌躇不前，甚至横加批评，你只会阻碍自己从所读书籍中获取最大的价值，相反，如果你尽可能敞开心扉，你就能从最初语句中的曲折起伏捕捉到几乎难以察觉到的信号和暗示，从而直面一位不同寻常的人。参考译文：Do not dictate to your author,try to become him.Be his fellow-worker and accomplice.If you hang back,and reserve and criticize at first,you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read.But if you open your mind as widely as possible,then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness,from the twist and turn of the first sentences,will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other.13、请将下面这段话翻译成英文： 读书与偏见然而，很少有人从书中去了解读书可以给与我们什么东西。通常，我们在读书时思路不清，心怀抵触，要求小说应该真实，要求诗歌应该虚假，要求传记应该吹捧，要求史书应该执行我们的各种偏见。如果读书能够摒除所有这些先人之见，那将是值得赞赏的开始。参考译文：Yet few people know what books can give us.Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds,asking of fiction that it shall be true,of poetry that it shall be false,of biography that it shall be flattering,of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices.If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read,that would be an admirable beginning.14、【题目】 生命的意义一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗?提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难;但是，大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真，看他对待劳动、工作等等的态度如何，也就不难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习、不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民以及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。【精彩译文】Is there a standard to evaluate the significance of ones life?Its certainly difficult to offer a definite standard.But generally speaking,we can tell it by judging his attitude towards life and work,making clear whether he is serious about his life.Throughout the history,the outstanding people were all very serious about their lives.They made best use of every minute of their lives to work and study as much as possible,never wasting their time.None of the working people and the great statesmen and their thinkers were of exception.15、【题目】赵州桥赵州桥坐落在洨河上，距离赵县南部约2.5公里。这座桥是在公元605年至公元616年建造的。赵州桥是由中国著名的匠师李春设计的，是用石头建造的，长50.82米，宽10米，还有一个不可思议的弧形桥洞，高7.23米，跨度为37.35米。桥上的石头栏杆和柱子上雕刻着美丽的龙凤图案。这座桥是一座空腹式的圆弧形石拱桥，两边有两个小拱，这是中国最早的拱桥之一，在中国桥梁建筑史上占有重要的地位，让游客和工程师们都很感兴趣。【翻译词汇】赵州桥 Zhaozhou Bridge洨河 Jiao River建造 construct匠师 mason不可思议的 unusual弧形桥洞 arch跨度 span栏杆 railing柱子 column 龙凤 dragon and phoenix空腹式的 open-spandrel占有 occupy【精彩译文】Zhaozhou Bridge was built on the Jiao River about 2.5 kilometers away from the south of Zhaoxian county. The bridge was constructed in AD 605-616. Designed by a well-known Chinese mason, Li Chun, its made of stone, 50.82 meters long and 10 meters wide, with an unusual arch that is 7.23 meters high with a span of 37.35 meters. The stone railing and columns on the bridge were carved with beautiful dragon and phoenix designs. One of the earliest Chinese arch bridges with a long open-spandrel arch in the middle and two small arches on each side, this bridge occupies an important place in the history of Chinese bridge building and has been of interest to tourists and engineers alike.16、【题目】泰山泰山称东岳，以“五岳独尊”的盛名享誉古今。按照“五行学说”，东方属木，主生发，有生命之源、万物之本的含义。这就是古代帝王通常在自己登基或晚年时到泰山封禅祭拜的原因。泰山拔地通天，气势磅礴，汉语又有“稳如泰山”、“重于泰山”之说。1987年，联合国教科文组织将泰山列为世界自然与文化遗产。【翻译词汇】泰山 Mount Tai东岳 East Yue五岳独尊 the most important mountain of the Five Holy Mountains享誉 have a great reputation 五行学说 the theory of five elements生发 liveliness 生命之源、万物之本 a place where nature regulated and adjusted its procedures 登基 be crowned封禅祭拜 make pilgrimages to稳如泰山 as firm as Mount Tai 重于泰山 as weighty as Mount Tai 宣布 proclaim【精彩译文】Mount Tai, called “East Yue”, has a great reputation for the most important mountain of the Five Holy Mountains. According to the theory of five elements, the East belongs to mu, which means liveliness. Therefore, the East is a place where nature regulated and adjusted its procedures. This explains why important emperors made pilgrimages mostly to Mount Tai when they were crowned or in their later years. It is a symbol of loftiness and might, hence, there are the Chinese idioms: “as firm as Mount Tai” and “as weighty as Mount Tai”. Mount Tai was proclaimed world natural and cultural heritage by UNESCO in 1987.17、【题目】长江长江是中国最长的河流，也是世界第三长河，仅次于非洲的尼罗河和拉丁美洲的亚马逊河。长江总长度约为6 300米，发源于青海省，向东流入东海。长江流域是中国重要的农作物产区，粮、棉产量分别占全国总量的40%和30%。长江三峡大坝是世界上最大的水利枢纽工程之一，为通航、发电和运输带来了很大的便利。【翻译词汇】长江 the Yangtze River/Chang Jiang尼罗河 the Nile亚马逊河 the Amazon向东 eastward东海 East China Sea长江流域 the Yangtze River valley农作物产区 agricultural base产量 output 分别 respectively长江三峡大坝 the Three Gorge Dam 水利枢纽工程 water control project为带来便利 benefit 通航 navigation发电 generate electricity【精彩译文】The Yangtze River or Chang Jiang is the longest river in China and the third longest in the world, after the Nile in Africa and the Amazon in South America. The river is about 6 300 km long and flows from its source in Qinghai Province, eastward into the East China Sea. The Yangtze River valley has always been an important agricultural base in China. Grain and cotton outputs make up 40 percent and 30 percent of Chinas total respectively. As one of the largest water control project in the world, the Three Gorge Dam benefits for navigation, generating electricity and transportation.18、【题目】高消费时代随着中国经济迅速发展到新的高度，中国目前已经进入了大规模消费时代，中国民众的购买力随着中国市场经济的发展而迅速增长。因此，那些追求物质生活的人们只要有购买力，就不可避免地会购买奢侈品。一项报告显示，中国的奢侈品消费总额占全球市场份额的四分之一，且位居世界第二，仅次于日本。然而，从消费观念方面来讲，很多中国的消费者还处在“炫耀性消费”的阶段，这是一种不健康的状态。奢侈品不应该是炫耀的手段，或者是与权力、财富和社会关系相关的标志。【翻译词汇】大规模消费时代 an era of mass consumption追求物质生活 pursue material life购买力 purchasing power 因此 therefore奢侈品 luxury占 account for 市场份额 market share从来讲 in regard to炫耀性消费 conspicuous consumption 炫耀 show off与相关 be associated with社会关系 social tie【精彩译文】As China has achieved new heights in its economy and recently entered an era of mass consumption, the purchasing power of Chinese people is rising along with the development of market economy. Therefore, it is inevitable that people who pursue material life buy luxuries as long as they can afford. According to a report, the total consumption of luxuries in China accounted for a quarter of the global market share and ranked second in the world after Japan. However, in regard to consumption concept, a large number of Chinese consumers are still in the stage of “conspicuous consumption”, which is unhealthy. Luxuries should not be the tools of showing off or signs associated with power, wealth and social ties.19、【题目】方言课程最近，一些地方大学开始将方言列为某些学生的必修课程，学生们要学习当地方言，然后被评分以作为毕业的依据之一。一方面，支持此种做法的人认为，将方言列为必修课可防止其消失，从而使当地传统文化和文化多样性得以弘扬，同时城市独特的个性得以保留。另一方面，反对此种做法的人争论说，当地学生与外地学生相比有很多绝对优势，因此将方言列为必修课会引起教育不公平的问题。而且，将方言列为必修课程还会引起一些其他问题，如教材使用、师资问题和考试标准等。在我看来，方言作为传统文化不可缺少的一部分和一种交流工具，可以让学生自愿学习和使用，而不是强制完成。【翻译词汇】方言 dialect必修课程 compulsory course依据 judging factor支持 approve消失 extinguish 文化多样性 cultural diversity弘扬 enhance个性 identity争论说 contend绝对的 absolute引起 give rise to/bring forth考试标准 examination standard不可缺少的 indispensable自愿地 voluntarily学习 acquire【精彩译文】Recently, it has been practiced by some local universities that dialect is made a compulsory course for some students, under which students are subject to learning the local dialect and then graded as one of the judging factors for them to graduate. On the one hand, people approving the practice maintain that it will help to prevent the dialect from extinguishing so that the local traditional culture and the cultural diversity can be enhanced, and the unique urban identity can be