专四阅读技巧.doc

社会话题:如商场偷窃(2004),体育商业化(2002)教育话题:如儿童择校(2001),大学教育(1997),教学方法(1997),科技话题:如轻型飞机(1993),昆虫思维(1994),人物传记;某小说家(1992),个人历史(1996),姓氏溯源(2000)历史研究:北爱尔兰问题(1992),法国变化(1993)妇女话题:夫妻关系(2001),家电与妇女(2002)种族话题:民族矛盾(1998)自然话题:雪崩(1996),海啸(1997),潮汐(1992)健康话题:饮酒与心脏病(1995),经济话题:如瑞士银行(2000),中国经济特区(2004)二、阅读理解五种材料说明文、记叙文、议论文、描写文、应用文 (尤其是新闻报道)三、题型分析及应对策略1主旨类(1) What is the main idea (subject) of this passage ? (2) What does this passage mainly (primarily)concerned ? (3) The main theme of this passage is _. (4) The main point of the passage is_. (5) Which of the following is the best title for the passage ? (6) The title that best expresses the theme of the passage is _. (7) On which of the following subject would the passage most likely be found in a textbook? (8) The purpose of the writer in writing this passage _. (9) Which of the following best describes the passage as a whole ?应对策略：跳读（skimming）文章的开头、结尾及段落的首句和尾句。主旨应该是宏观的，但有不能失之空泛。 2态度类(1) Whats the writers attitude to ? (2) Whats the tone of the passage? (3) The authors view is _ (4) The writers attitude of .this passage is apparently _. (5) The author suggests that _ (6) According to author _应对策略：有的文章观点明确，基调清楚，这时跳读（skimming）文章的开头、结尾及段落的首句和尾句。而另一些则需要阅读时对某些细节仔细琢磨。尤其应注意有些表明作者观点词汇，如形容词、副词等。 3细节类(1) Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage? (2) Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? (3) What is the example of . . . as described in the passage? (4) The author mentions all of the following except . . . (5) The reason for . . .is . . . (6) The author states that . . . (7) According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. ) .应对策略：寻读（scanning）出现关键词的相应段落，四个答案中相同的词即为关键词。仔细对比答案与文中相应细节。 4推理类(1)The writer implies but not directly states that_. (2) It can be inferred from the passage that_. (3) The author strongly suggests that_ . (4) It can be concluded from the passage that_. (5) The passage is intended to_ . (6) The writer indicates that_ .应对策略：推理类题，可能是针对文章整体也可能是针对某个细节。如果是前者，跳读（skimming）文章的开头、结尾及段落的首句和尾句。即可得出答案。如果是后者，寻读（scanning）相应段落并仔细研读相应细节。 5词汇类(1) According to the author ,the word means_. (2) Which of the following is nearest in meaning to ? (3) The term .in paragraph can be best replaced by . (4) Whats the meaning of in line of paragraph.? (5) As used in the line , the word refers to _.应对策略：寻读（scanning）定位相关词的出处。根据上下文与词的构造来猜测。最好将四个选项带回文中，看看哪一个最合适。即使不是生词，也应当作生词来猜。 英语中有许多表示否定的前缀，主要有dis- in- im- il- ir- un- mis- non- dis- de- anti- counter-等，它们分别用在那些词上呢，有那些区别呢？dis-主要加在名词、形容词，动词之前，dis-为否定前缀的词有：disadvantage缺点、dishonorable不光彩的、disagree不同意等；in-常加在形容词，名词之前，如incorrect不正确的、inability无能 无力、inaccurate不准确的等；im-加在字母m,b,p之前，这样的词有impossible不顺能的、impolite不礼貌的、impudence厚颜无耻；il-主要加在以1开头的单词的前边，比如：illegal非法的、illiterate文盲的 没有文化的、illogical不合逻辑的；ir-放在以r开头的英语单词前面，比如：irregular不稳定的、irresistable不可抵抗的、irresolvable不能分解的 不能解决的； un-主要放于名词，形容词，副词前面，常见的例子有unfinished未完成的、undoubted无疑的、unemployment失业；non-加在形容词、名词前，这样以non-为否定前缀的词有non-existence不存在、non-essential不主要的、non-electrical非电的； 而mis-加在动词、名词前，例词misunderstand误解、misjudge误判、misleading误导、misfortune不幸；dis-加在动词之前，例词有disappear消失、disarm解除武装、disconnect失去联系；de-加在名词、形容词前，常见的例词有demobilize遣散 使复员、decolor 脱色 漂白；anti-加在名词、形容词前边。最常见的是anti-Japanese抗 RI 战争、anti-social厌恶社会的 反社-会的、antidite解毒的药；最后一个counter-加在名词、动词前，例如：counterattack反攻 反击、counteract抵抗阻碍、counterrevolution反革-命。6指代类(1) What does “it” refers to in Line 2, Paragraph 5? (2 )What does “they” satnd for in Line 3, Paragraph 2? (3) What does “their” satnd for in Line 3, Paragraph 2? (4) What does “its” refer to in Line 3, Paragraph 2?应对策略：寻读（scanning），定位相关代词的出处，离它最近且单复数一致的名词即是。注意英语中“they”既可指代人也可指代物。练习以全真题为主注意控制时间严格按照阅读理解解题步骤做完后总结得失、避免再犯同类错误总之：适量练习、多体会、多总结阅读理解五步法第一步:预览全文了解大意 (高度的概括能力:弄清文章的topic, thesis, structure)第二步:扫描题干 确定关键 (确定题干关键词有助于在阅读时忽略大量细节,提高阅读速度)第三步:通读全文 定位出处 (快速的定位能力:定位significant details)第四步:缩小范围 仔细研读 (准确的推断能力:记住每个答案必在文中找到根据)第五步:平均用力 适当放弃 (当机立断,迷惑性太大的题目凭第一直觉,不要犹豫不决,不要花太多时间)阅读要点 顺序：时间 空间 重要 演绎 归纳 平行题材：科技 经济 社会 历史 文艺 教育 题型：主旨