句法总结与练习.doc

句法总结与练习陈述句：说明事实与陈述人的看法的句子，包括肯定与否定形式。练习：把下列各词连成陈述句1. see, a map, can, I, the, wall, on2. does, often, the go, Lucy, park, not, to3. right, he, I, think, is, dont4. not, have, yet, work, the, they, finished.5. the, exam, Chinese, Jim, fail, in, may一般疑问句：1. be动词，助动词，情态动词前移至句首，并用Yes和No回答。2. 读升调，答句用降调。练习：将下列句子变成一般疑问句，并做肯定与否定回答。1. They are playing basketball on the playground.2. They can borrow books from the library.3. He has many English novels in his family.4. They go to school on foot every day.5. His father went to France last year.6. We have made a lot of beautiful clothes these days.7. He has finished his homework.8. I will pass on a messge to her.9. I would like a cup of milk, please.10. We have many cakes for supper. (变为否定疑问句)11. It is a wonderful skirt. (变为否定疑问句)12. I want to come with you. (变为否定疑问句)13. I told you to come earlier. (变为否定疑问句)14. I have been to Dalian three times. (变为否定疑问句)15. We were watching TV at this time last night.16. He must stop smoking.17. Tom and Jerry are playing with a ball.18. She had finished her homework when her mother got home.19. I have had lunch with Tom today.20. The peasants are getting ready for the next year.特殊疑问句：1. 一般情况：疑问词+一般疑问句2. 疑问词在句中充当成分。3. 不用Yes, No回答，直接回答。4. 读降调常用的疑问词：whowhatwhosewhichwherewhenhow whyhow manyhow muchhow farhow longhow oftenhow soonhow highhow widehow longhow heavy练习：对画线部分提问(把各句变为特殊疑问句)1. The boy is running now.2. He is Lilys father.3. She is looking for the little boy.4. I often help Tom with English.5. Kate lent Susan a ball yesterday.6. The books are on the desk.7. These are boats.8. I want a cup of tea.9. The man is a driver.10. He is looking for his pen.11. Its a Chinese car in English.12. Six and nine is fifteen.13. Im in Grade Three.14. Li Lei is in Class Five.15. Wei Hua is in Class one, Grade Three.16. We are in Row one.17. Lucy is Number Six.18. This is a map of China.19. The flowers are red.20. Its six oclock.21. My name is Lily.22. These apples are yours.23. The best one is Lilys.24. The boy in the hat is my brother.25. I want to buy the skirt on the left.26. This cup is yours.27. Mine is red28. They are my books.29. This is Lucy and Lilys room.30. This cup is Kates.31. Im fine. (well. OK. all right.)32. The boy is fifteen.33. Its cloudy today.34. I can spell it in English.35. I often go to school on foot. (by bus. by train. by bike)36. I like the little dog very much.37. She studies hard.38. There are five birds in the tree.39. There is much water in the bottle.40. There is an apple tree in front of the house.41. The pair of shoes is fifty yuan.42. This scarf costs me five dollars.43. I pay ten dollars for this ticket.44. My school is five kilometres from here.45. The ruler is one metre long.46. We stayed there for two hours. 47. He has lived here since 2000.48. The woman will go to the shop in five minutes.49. Peter often carries water for Uncle Li.50. I go swimming once a week in summer.51. The river is five meters wide.52. He didnt come to school because he was ill in bed.53. We usually come to school at seven in the morning.54. My mother gets up at five.55. When I got home, my mother was cooking.56. The children sometimes play football on the playground.57. Today is Monday.58. Its May 2 today.59. I want the cakes with nuts in them.60. The boys are playing in the tree.反意疑问句：1. 对陈述句的事实提出相反的疑问。2. 结构：陈述句，+简单的一般疑问句。 前否，后肯；前肯，后否3. 语调：前降，后升(一般情况)。 前降，后降(心中对所说的有把握)4. 回答：a.根据实际回答。 b. 注意翻译，Yes译为“不”， No译为“是的”5. 陈述句中主语用名词，简单疑问句中变为相应的代词(前后时态要一致)6. 陈述句中有否定词hardly, little, few, never, nothing, none, nobody等后面的疑问句用肯定形式。练习：完成下列的反意疑问句1. Everything is ready, _?2. Somebody came here just now, _?3. This isnt your book, _?4. There are ten boys here, _?5. I am a student, _?6. He was really unhappy, _?7. He has a nice picture, _?8. He had breakfast at seven oclock, _?9. I must do it, _?10. He is at the cinema now, _?11. She had to go there, _?12. You had better go home, _?13. There is little water in the glass, _?14. Listen to me carefully, _?15. Dont look out of the window, _?16. Lets go to the park, _?17. Let us look at your new book, _?18. She thinks you are right, _?19. I dont think you are right, _?20. Learning English well is hard, _?21. He is going to the football match, _?22. Li Ying does well in English, _?23. She hasnt got a ticket for the examination, _?24. There was a picture on the wall last term, _?25. Sophia had made good progress, _?26. The plane leaves at ten, _?27. Im late, _?28. Nobody is waiting for you, _?29. This is a lovely city, _?30. Lent me your bike, _?31. You have no lessons on Saturday afternoon, _?32. Our city has changed a lot since 1978, _?33. He doesnt talk much, _?34. There is a ball in his hand, _?35. They were singing when you got there, _?36. Mike will be late for school today, _?37. They arent going to be teachers in the future, _?38. Hes never been to the Great Wall, _?39. There were few people in this place hundreds years ago, _?40. There is little ink in the pen, _?41. Lets have a rest, _?42. I think he will come soon, _?43. Pass me that book, _?44. Tom didnt go to the park yesterday, did he? (肯定回答并翻译)45. Lucy is a Chinese girl, isnt she? (否定回答并翻译)选择疑问句：1. 一般疑问句+选择部分+or+选择部分2. 特殊疑问句+，选择部分+or+选择部分问句是be，回答用be问句是行为动词，简略回答用助动词,did, do, does 见8,9题问句中有助动词，情态动词，答句中用它们相应的词3. 直接回答，不用Yes, No回答4. 语调先升后降练习：将下列各句变为选择疑问句并回答。1. He is a teacher (a student).2. This ruler is yours (his).3. Kate wants this red apple (that pear).4. Im looking for my pen (Bettys). 5. The students visited the farm (the factory).6. Were going to the Great Wall this week (next week).7. My teacher often has lunch at school (at home).8. Which is bigger, the sun or the moon?9. Who studies hardest, Tom, Jim or Lucy?10. Whose handwriting is better, Lilys or Susans?11. Lin Taos father goes to work on foot (by bus).12. I can say it in English (in Chinese).13. We will read these words (write).14. Well watch TV (go to the cinema).15. He will be here at eight (at nine).否定疑问句：1. 为加强语气，向对方提出建议、邀请、和看法等。2. 译为：难道不3. 回答与反意疑问句相同。练习：把下列否定疑问句译成汉语。1. Arent they beautiful? Yes, they are.2. Cant you see Im a bird? No, I cant.3. Dont you know him? Yes, I do.4. Wont you have more rice? No, I dont.5. Havent you done it? Yes, I have.6. Why dont you do your homework? (Why not do your homework?)7. Who is not here?Who isnt here?Whos not here?感叹句：1. 用来表示强烈的感情，表示说话人的惊异、喜悦等情绪。2. 构成：感叹词+感叹部分+主语+谓语+！ what 感叹名词，how感叹形容词或副词。*What+单、复数名词+主语+谓语+！*How+形容词(副词) +主语+谓语+！感叹名词时，往往省略主语和谓语。3. 译为“多么”，后加“！”号。4. 感叹句中不可有quite, so, too, rather等修饰语。5. 词，词组表示感叹语气。Well done! 干得好！ Wonderful! 好极了！ Great! 太好了！ 练习：将下列各句变为感叹句1. It is a nice box.2. The man is very good.3. The watches are very new.4. They are beautiful flowers.5. The workers are working hard.6. The factory is so big.7. The child is very clever.8. The sun shines so brightly.9. We are having a fine day.10. She looks pretty in red dress.11. We had a good time last week.12. He was foolish to think like that.13. Your classroom is clean and bright.14. This is a very difficult question.15. They were living a happy life.用what, how填空1. _ a big horse it is!2. _ big the horse is!3. _ new the books are!4. _ lovely the boy is!5. _ well he studies!6. _ delicious moon cakes!7. _ fat the pigs are!8. _ good students they are!用两种方法变为感叹句1. She is a beautiful girl.2. There are big trees.祈使句：1. 表示请求、命令、劝告。2. 通常省略主语you。有时不去掉you表示厌烦或命令等语气。3. 构成：肯定形式：动词原形+其它.Please+动词原形=动词原形，please.否定形式：Dont+动词原形+其它. Please dont+动词原形=Dont+动词原形, please.4. Let sb. do sth. 否定：Dont let sb. do sth. 或 Let sb. not do sth. (后面是省略to的不定式)5. Lets让我们(包括说话人及对方) 否定：Lets not do练习：用所给词的适当形式填空1. Please _ (open) the door.2. _ (look) at the picture, please.3. _ (not be) careless.4. _ (be) quiet, please.5. Please _ (not watch) TV so much, Jim!6. _ (let) me _ (have) a look at the photo.7. _ let the boy _ (go) out at night.8. Let the boy _ (not go) out at night.变为否定祈使句1. Tom is sitting on the desk.2. Open the windows, please.3. Be standing in the rain.4. Please read the text.5. Please take down the picture.6. Let him help you.7. Lets play computer.8. Let us play computer.将you还原到句中以加强语气。1. Dont be late again!2. Be quiet!3. Get out of the room!4. Dont make a noise!5. Shut up!倒装句：初中常用的倒装句的形式：1. 完全倒装：Here (There) +谓语+主语(名词) Here is the book.部分倒装：Here (There) +主语(代词)+谓语 Here it is.谓语动词由主语决定。2. 完全倒装：Neither (Nor, So)+谓语+主语 表示与上文的情况相同。部分倒装：Neither (Nor, So)+主语+谓语 表示对上文的赞许、肯定、确定等含义谓语动语多选用与上文相对应的助动词，情态动词等。练习：英译汉下列倒装句，并注意其含意。1. Here you are.2. Her