深圳牛津英语初一下学期知识点汇总.doc

七年级下学期知识点汇总 Chapter 1 Travel I. 重点单词和词汇、句子1. Nation（国家）-National（国家的）-international（国际的）2. defeat v.击败战胜 3. beat v. 击打，战胜Defeat 和beat 的区别：1.作为动词时defeat尤指在战场上打败敌人。Beat是游戏、比赛的专门用词。在表示“打败、战胜、击败”时，两者常可以换用。They beat/defeated our team by ten points.他们以10分的优势战胜了我们队。They beat/defeated the enemy。他们打败了侵入者。2. 两者作为名词时的区别：两者都可用作名词，但含有不同。A名词beat通常表示“打击声”。如We heard the beat of a drum.我们听到了打鼓的声音。Can you hear the beat of my heart?你能听到我心脏跳动的声音吗？B名词defeat通常表示“失败，战胜“等。视含义的具体与抽象，可用作可数或不可数名词。Our basket ball team suffered another defeat.我们的篮球队再次输了。What he said meant admitting defeat.他说的话就意味着他承认失败。固定搭配：suffer a defeat 战败； take defeat承认失败Defeat-defeated （过去式） defence 防御3.cycling n.骑自行车 go cycling 骑车去兜风。A1. cycle自行车；摩托车She goes to work on her cycle.2. 循环，周期The seasons of the year make a cycle。一年四季构成一个循环。B. vi 骑自行车He cycles work every day。C.cycling骑自行车；循环。No cycling in the school。4. win (在游戏、比赛、奖项/战争) 5.drink v./n. 饮用；饮料 6.Who does the writer mean by s?-mean 意味着，打算Mean to do sth打算做某事（=intend to do/plan to do sth）7. Why not spread your wings and visit France?Why not do sth?=why dont you do sth?为什么不做某事呢？Spread your wings 展翅高飞This year， why not spread your wings and visit france?1. vt. 使。伸展，使。延伸I spread my arms as far as I could. 我尽可能将双臂展开。2. 展开，张开；摊开Mom spread a new table-cloth on the table.3. 散布，传播；普及She was told not to spread this secret around.4. 传开，蔓延The fire spread from the factory to the warehouse nearby.Spread ,stretch, extend 与expand(1) spread 意为“伸开，传播”，一般指向四面八方扩大传播的范围。如传播（疾病），散布（信息）等。Spread the news around the town. The rapid spread of the disease is alarming the medical authortities.(2) Stretch 意为“伸展，拉长”，一般指由曲变直，由短变长的伸展。He stood up and had a stretch。（3）extend 有“伸出，延伸“的含义，指空间范围的扩大，以及长度、宽度的朝外延伸，也可指时间的延长。The tourist season extends from May till October.(3) expand 意为“展开，扩大”，不仅指尺寸的增加，还指范围和体积的扩大。Mental expand when they are heated. 固定搭配：Spread over 遍布在。Spread out 展现A scence of prosperity spread out before us.一副欣欣向荣的景象展现在我们面前。Spreadspread-spread-spreading8. France is a big county，with coasts on the three sides.Coasts 海岸线。不能用来指河岸或湖岸。Bank的意思是“岸”，大多指江河之岸，特别是高出水平线以上的岸或堤坝。Walk along The bank of Yangtze River.Beach 相对来说比较平坦，覆盖着沙子或碎石子的，适合游泳、停靠小船，9. France is a big country,with coasts on three sides.With 此处表示伴随情况The girl came back home in the afternoon,with her dirty hands and clothes.10. These days, you can shop for many French foods is large cities in China.现在你在中国的大城市里可以买到很多的法国食物。（1）情态动词can既可以指人的能力、知识、技能，也可以表示客观可能性请求许可等。1. I can draw。(能力)2.例句就是表示客观的可能性。3. can I use your computer?(请求许可)（2）French foods 法国食品 此出表示食品的种类。9. go skiing 去滑雪 water skiing滑水 grass skiing滑草 go shopping go fishing go skaing go swimming go hiking 10.France is calling。A1. call v. 叫喊，呼叫，叫醒；打电话给Call me tomorrow morning。（明早打电话给我或叫醒我）2. 把。叫做，称呼I call her LilyBn呼叫，喊叫We heard a call for help。固定：call for 取，接；call off 取消；叫走； call on 拜访Sussess calls for hard work.Why was the football match called for?I shall call on you next work.11.Winter is behind us and people are starting to plan their summer holidays.A. n. 计划，方案，打算Whats plan for the weekend?B. vi. 计划，打算I plan to visit my grandpa next week.Plan to do sth 计划做某事。10. In central France they grow crops such as wheat and sunflowers.Such as 和for example 一样都是比如、例如的意思，区别：such as 一般用于列举事物，后面一般接名词或名词词组，而且不用逗号隔开。I have a lot of friends such as Lily,Lucy,Tom and Tony.For example 一般用于举例说明，后面一般接句子，用逗号隔开。Water is very useful.For example,it can be used for drinking and bathing.11. used (not) to do sth.过去常（不）做某事。Be/get used to (doing) sth 习惯于。注意：be used to do sth表示：某物被用于做某事。12. one of +形容词最高级+可数名词复数 表示“。当中最。的一个”He is one of the best students in his class.重点拓展：其疑问句和否定句有两种变化：既可以在主语之前加did，也可以把used 提到句首变成疑问句；否定句可在used 后直接加 not，也可以在主语后加didnt；如：The people used not to be so friendly= the people didnt use to be so friendly.Did you use to live here?=used you to live here?13.It is just an hour from the centre of Paris,and it offers many of the same attractions as the Disney parks in the USA.A. just an hour from 是指“距离。仅一个小时路程”针对它提问要用how far.B.offer v.提供，给予/出价开价offer sb sth= offer sth to sb给某人某物 offer to do sth 主动提出做某事he offered to help me。他主动提出来要帮我。He offered him the computer for 50usd.这计算机，我们向他开价50美金。the same as 和。一样14.offer与afford的区别Offer 表示提供，表示别人没有要求而自己主动提供。Afford 也作“提供”用，但是指支付的起的意思。 14.Be famous for 因。 而出名Jackie Chen is famous for his movies.注意：Be famous as 的意思是“作为。而出名”15. help sb do sth./help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事。16. enjoy oneself =have a good time.玩的开心17. go abroad 出国 18. scenic(adj.景色美的)-scene（N.景色）19.attract（v.吸引）-attractive(adj.吸引人的)attraction 有吸引力的地方或事、引力。20. national flag 国旗 21.start to plan 开始计划 22. better understand 更好的理解 23. exhibitions and concerts 展览和音乐会 24. art and culture 艺术和文化25. Other popular French products include cheese and duct产品/产物/产量/出产they came here in search of new market for their products.他们来此为他们的产品寻找市场。These products are created by Zhang yimou.Produce v. 生产 production 生产，产品。26.include,comprise,comprehend, embrace与involveInclude 强调“包括作为整体的一部分。”The list included his nameComprise 指“由许多部分组成”，或“由许多部分组成一个整体”。（3）comprehend是正式用语，指“包括在某一范围内”，一般用于陈述观念、纲要等。The word “beauty”comprehends various concepts.(4) embrace 侧重“所包括，包含的种类多”nature science embraces many subjects。27. culture文化France is also famous for its arts and cultureN教养，陶冶，修养He is a man of culture.他是一个有修养的人。The culture of pearls is the mainstay of this country.珍珠养殖是该县的主要经济支柱。 28. exhibition n.展览会 trade exhibition 商品交易展览会 art exhibition 画展；美展。Make a exhibition of oneself 出洋相He often make a exhibition of himself.他经常当众出糗。29. eventThese events will help you better understand France and the French people.这些活动会帮助你更好的理解法国和法国人民。1. n. 事件，大事Winning the scholarship was a great event in the boys life.2. (比赛)项目Which events have you entered for ?你参加了哪些比赛项目？Event， accident，incident（1）event 指的是有重要意思的历史事件，也可引申为重大事件，还可以表示运动会的“比赛项目”，其复数可作“时事/时局” The founding of the Peoples Republic of China is a great event in the history of mankind.(2)accident 指的是意外或偶然发生的事故。尤指不幸的损害性的事故。Car/ traffic accidents 车祸、交通事故I had an accident in the kitchen and broke glasses.我在厨房里闯了祸，把杯子给打碎了。（3）incident一般指不太重要的小事件、插曲，有时候指引起战争、争端的事变。The Lugouqiao Incidents 卢沟桥事变30. EuroDisney is similar to the Disney parks in the USA.Be similar to 相似区别：Be similar to 与look like be similar to 可以指性格、爱好、品味等较为广泛的相似。但是look like 多指视觉上的相似。31. it is easy to learn French quickly.很容易可以学到法语。It + is + 形容词+to do sthIt 是形式主语，to do sth 才是真正意思上的主语，这样做的目的是为了避免头重脚轻。（1） it + 谓语+动词不定式。It is difficult to climb a mountain。It is good，it is hard 。（2） it + 谓语+动名词短语it is no good talking with a man like him。（3） it +谓语+名词性从句it is a pity that you didnt see such a good film.33.note down 写下，记下=write downNote down the main points only such as figures and facts.只写下例如外形和事实这样的要点。Take notes 记笔记34.following 下列的，下述的Before you listen, make sure you know the following words.在听之前，确保你知道下面的单词。（1） 接着的，其次的。they married in 1978 and had a daughter the following year.（2） 一批追随者（拥护者，下属）This president has a lot of following。II.语法1. Proper nouns专有名词a. 专有名词的首字母需要大写。America Guangdong Tom the Eiffel Tower，EuroDisneyb. 专有名词包括人名，地名，月份名，星期和节假日等。Lilya，Shenzhen，October, Monday,c. 有的名词小写和大写意思不一样，The West 西方（指西方国家），west 西方（指方向），earth指 土壤，Earth 指地球China-china。great wall 大的城墙 the Great Wall长城 2. 定冠词 the 的用法定冠词the用在可数名词的单数或复数或不可数的名词前面。定冠词的基本用法：(1) 表示特指的人或事物。如：The man with a flower in his hand is Jack.(手上拿着一朵花的男人是杰克)(2) 指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物。如：Look at the blackboard,Lily.(莉莉,请看黑板。)(3) 复述前面提到过的人或事物。如：There is a man under the tree. The man is called Robert.(树下有个人, 那个人叫罗伯特。)(4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：The earth turns around the sun.(地球绕太阳旋转。)(5) 用在表示方位的名词前面。如：There will be strong wind to the south of the Yangtze River.(长江以南地 区将会刮大风。)(6) 在序数词和形容词最高级的前面。如：Who is the first one to go?(谁第一个去？) / Of all the stars, the sun is the nearest to the earth.(在所有的恒星之中太阳离地球最近)(7) 常用在乐器名称的前面。如：He began to play the violin at the age of 5.(五岁时他开始拉小提琴)(8) 用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。如：I have never been to the Himalaya Mountains.(我从来没有去过喜马拉雅山)(9) 用在含有普通名词的专有名词的前面。如：He is from the United States of America.(他来自美利坚合众国)(10)用在姓氏之前表示一家人。如：The Greens are going to Mount Emei next month.(下个月格林一家要去峨眉山)(11)same之前一般用the。如：Lucy and Lily look the same.(露西和莉莉看上去长得一样)(12)几个用定冠词的习语：at the same time (与此同时),make the bed(铺床),in the end(最后),all the time(一直),by the way(顺便说一下),on the way(在路上)等等。 4、一些不用冠词的情况：(1) 专有名词和(第一次使用)一些不可数名词时前面通常不用。如：China is a very large country.(中国是个大国) / Man needs air and water.(人类需要空气和水) (2) 名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用。如：My pen is much more expensive than yours.(我的钢笔比你的昂贵多了)(1) 周名,月名或季节名前一般不用。如：He was born on Monday, February 18,1995.(他出生在1995年二月十八日,星期一) / They usually plant trees on the hills in spring.(春天他们通常在山上植树)(4) (第一次使用)复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用。如：Men are cleverer than monkeys.(人比猴子聪明)(5) 三餐饭前不用。如：We have breakfast at home and lunch at school.(我们在家吃早饭,在校吃午饭)(6) 节、假日前一般不用。如：On Childrens Day the boys often get presents from their parents.(在儿童节,这些男孩经常得到父母的礼物)(7) 球类名词前不用。如：The children play football on Saturday afternoons.(孩子们星期六下午踢足球)(8) 城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用。如：They are now at Peoples Cinema.(他们此刻在人民电影院)(9) 一些习惯用语中不用。如： at / to / from / out of / after / for school; in / to / for / after class; in / to / out of / into bed; after / at/ from / out of / to work; at / to sea; in / from / down / to town; at / from home; at / for / to breakfast/lunch/supper; at night/noon/midnight; on foot; go to school/bed; on top of; in front of; on show/display/duty/watch; in / out of hospital; at all; on/in time; at first/last/once; in Chinese/English,etc.; take care of 3. 问路和指出方向4. 邮政卡片的写法III.随堂练习基础篇1.按要求写单词.1.French(名词)_ 2.cross(介词 )_ 3. different(反义词)_II.词组运用1. 暑假 _ 2. 例如 _ 3. 展翅高飞_ 4. 过去常常做某事 _ 5. 以而闻名_ 6. 为何不 _ 7. 去滑雪_ 8与相同的_9. 距离一小时_ 10. 电影节 _ 11. 更好地理解_ 12. 艺术和文化_ 13. 最美丽的城市之一 _ 14. 在法国中部_ 15. 开始计划_16. 景色最优美的地区 _ III根据句意及首字母填空。1. Which one of these is the n_ flag of Canada?2. Beijing is the c_ of China.3. China is f_ for china.4. France has famous a_ such as the Eiffel Tower.5. We e_ ourselves there yesterday.6. As_ area is pretty to look at.7. Now many people like drinking m_ water.8. Why not s_ your wings and visit China?9. Euro Disney o_ many of the same attractions as the Disney parks in the USA.10. France is famous for its cheese and w_.11. Farmers grow c_ to make a living.IV用所给词的适当形式填空。1. What do you _ _ (grow) in central France?.2. I often go_ (shop) with my parents on Sundays.3. John is _ _ (start) to plan his weekend. 4. Why not _ _(offer) them some books?.5. Shenzhen is one of the _ _ (beautiful) cities in China.6. My uncle Mike lives in _ _(centre) America.7. Bill _ _(defeat) his brother at the tennis game yesterday.8. He used to _ _ ( get ) up early.9. Do you enjoy _ _(play) football , children.10. How about _ _ (play) basketball this afternoon?11.The shop _(offer) a lot of fresh vegetables.V.单项选择。( )1.I dont know what happened _ Jane yesterday.A. at B. for C. about D. to( )2. He used _ to work by bike.A. go B. going C. to go D. to going( )3. I like eating fruits, _ apples, bananas, pears and oranges.A. such for B. such as C. for example D. as example( )4. China is famous _ the Great Wall.A. of B. for C. in D. to( )5. Why not _ shopping with us?A. goes B. go C. to go D. going( )6. Do you enjoy _ to music?A. listen B. listens C. listening D. listening( )7. Take turning on the left.A. the twoB. two C. the second D. second( )8. There is h and u in word hour.A. an, a, the B. a, a, the C. an, an, the D. an, a, /( )9.He is _ honest boy. He is _ one-year-old A. a ;an B .a ; a C. the ; the D .an ; a( )10._ sun travels around _ earth day and night. A. The ; a B.A ; a C. The ; the D. A; the( )11.In _ centre of France they grow wheat and sunflowers. A .a B. an C. the D./ ( )12.Paris is one of _most beautiful cities in the world. A .the B. a C. an D. / ( )13.You need to take _ umbrella with you all the time in England. A. a B. an C. the D./( )14.Give me _ book on the desk, please . A. a B. an C. the D. /( )15.Where is _ teachers office? -Its on _ six floor. A. the ; a B. a ; a C. the ; the D. a ; the ( )16.I dont know what happened _ Jane yesterday.A. at B. for C. about D. to VI.按要求写句子.1.Why not play soccer with me ? (同义句)Why _ _ play soccer with me ?2.Can you tell me how I can get to the airport?(同义句)Can you tell me _ _ _ the airport?3.She wants to go to the zoo with her friends.(同义句) She _ _ to go to the zoo with her friends.4.What about going to the moon?(同义句) _ _ going to the moon?5.The little boys played football on the playground yesterday.(对划线部分提问)_ _ the little boys _ football yesterday?6.You can swim at its good beaches.(改为一般疑问句) _ _ swim at its good beaches ?7.France is famous for its art and culture. (对划线部分提问) _ _ France famous for ?VII.解释句子。1. He often helps his mother do the housework at home. 2. He will visit The Birds Nest next weekend. 3. We plan to go skiing together neat weekend. 4. What do you mean by “liquid gold”? 5. Why not go skiing with us? 6. They enjoyed themselves at the party yesterday. 7. Most pop stars are famous for their music and movies. 8. What happened to you just now? (二) 提高篇I.用所给词的适当形式填空.1.Do you enjoy _ _(you) , children.2.She is one of the most beautiful _(girl) in our class.3. He used _ _(go) to work by bike.4.We use water _ (make) electricity.5. People in Harbin like going _ _(ski) ion winter.6.I often help my mother_ _(clean) the house.7.The man _ _(use) to smoke a lot, but now he doesnt.8. Can you tell me how _ _ (get) to the hospital?9.Go _ (cross) the road.10. Take _ _ (two) turning on the left.11.I want _ _ (know) the way to the station.12. One of the students _ _(come) from Shanghai.13.Would you like _ _ (visit) your grandparents?II.用冠词a, an, the填空。1. _ earth goes around_ sun.2. There is _ old man and some children on _ hill.3. “Lesson One” means “_ _ first lesson.4. I like running in _ morning.5. Do you like playing _ football or playing _ piano?6. Youd better take _ umbrella with you.7. Beijing is _ capital of China.8. There is _ “h” in _ world “hill”.9. She likes eating sandwiches for _ lunch.10. I see _ girl in _ zoo. The girl wears _ orange coat.11. -Excuse me. Is there _ park nearby? -Yes. Its over there next to _ post office.12. Jack bought _ useful book. _ book is also very interesting.13. Wheres _ key to the box?14. Lets have _ lunch together.15. It is one of _(good) storybook I have read.III.单项选择.( )1.Its great pleasure you again.A. see B. to see C. seeing D. to seeing( )2.We can new words in an English-Chinese dictionary.A. look for B. look after C. look up D. look over( )3.What can I do for you ?-I want _ MP4 player for my daughter.A. a B. an C. the D. /( )4.Henry is American, and now he is studying in _Beijing University.A. / B . an C . a D. the ( )5.More and more foreign students come to China to learn _ Chinese. A. a B. an C. the D. /( )6.Dont make _ same mistake for the second time in _ day. A. the ; a B. a ; the C. the ; the D. a ; a ( )7. What about _ ourselves at