小学英语语法总结与练习(包括六年级).doc

感叹句感叹句是表达喜、怒、哀、乐以及惊奇、惊讶等强烈感情的句子。感叹句通常由 what 或 how 引导。现分述如下：一、由 what 引导的感叹句，其句子结构可分为以下三种：1. 可用句型：“ What + a/an 形容词可数名词单数主语谓语！”。如：What a nice present it is! 它是一件多么好的礼物啊！What an interesting book it is! 它是一本多么有趣的书啊！2. 可用句型：“ What 形容词可数名词复数主语谓语！”。如：What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花啊！What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子啊！3. 可用句型：“ What 形容词不可数名词主语谓语！”。如：What fine weather it is today! 今天天气多好啊！What important news it is! 多重要的新闻啊！二、由 how 引导的感叹句，其句子结构也分为三种：1. 可用句型：“ How 形容词 / 副词主语谓语！”。如：How careful she is! 她多么细心啊！How fast he runs! 他跑得多快啊！2. 可用句型：“ How 形容词 a/an 可数名词单数主语谓语！”。如：How beautiful a girl she is! 她是个多么漂亮的姑娘啊！3. 可用句型：“ How 主语谓语！”。如： How time flies! 光阴似箭！由 what 引导的感叹句与由 how 引导的感叹句有时可以转换，但句中部分单词的顺序要有所变化。如：How beautiful a girl she is! What a beautiful girl she is!What delicious cakes these are! How delicious these cakes are!三、有时感叹句也可以由一个单词、词组、祈使句、陈述句等构成。如： Good idea! （好主意！）wonderful! （太精彩了！） Thank goodness! （谢天谢地！）感叹句巧解：感叹句要看后面，即看形容词后的东东，1) 若形容词后紧跟可数名词单数，就用what a/an；是不可数名词或可数名词复数，只用what。2）若形容词后后紧跟a/an/the/my/your/this/that/Toms等等乱七八糟的东西，想都不用想，直接用how就OK了。如：例句1：What a good boy he is! 他是个多么好的男孩啊！例句2：What good boys they are! 他们是多么好的男孩啊！例句3：What cold weather it is! 多么冷的天气啊！例句4：How good the boy is! 这男孩多好啊！ 若没有形容词，而出现副词或是句子，直接用how.例：i)How well he plays the guitar!（what不可以修饰副词，看到副词直接用how）ii)How time flies!( 句子) iii)How fast Liu Xiang runs打油诗一首: 感叹句往后看；形容词后是名单；就用what a或what an；形后若是不可数或名复数；只用what就可以；形容词后乱糟糟；只写how就OK了。感叹句专项练习一、填入适当的词完成下列感叹句。1)._ difficult homework we had yesterday!2)._cute dog it is!3)._ interesting the story is!4)._ bad the weather in England is!5)._ honest boy Tom is！6)._ tasty smell the cake gave off!7)._ good time we had on the beach yesterday!8)._ exciting news youve brought us!9)._cool your new car is!10)._ scary these tigers are!二、选择填空。1. _ fast the boy ran!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an2. _ well you sing but _ badly he dances!A. How, howB. What, what C. How, whatD. What, how3. _ delicious the soup is! Id like some more.A. How B. How an C. What D. What an4. _ fools they were! They believed what the man said.A. How B. How an C. What D. What an5. _ foolish they were! They believed what the man said.A. HowB. How an C. WhatD. What an6. _ difficult questions they are! I cant answer them.A. How B. How an C. What D. What an7. I miss my friend very much. _ I want to see her!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an8. _ lovely weather we are having these days!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an9. _ beautiful your new dress is!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an10. _ interesting work it is to teach children!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an三、所给句子填空，使填空句变为相应的感叹句：1. The boy swam very fast.（同义句）_ _ the boy swam!2. The school trip is very exciting. （同义句）_ _ the school trip is!3. Hei Longjiang looks very beautiful in winter. （同义句）_ _ Hei Longjiang looks in winter!4. It is a very useful dictionary. （同义句）_ _ _ dictionary it is!_ _ _ dictionary is!5. The students are listening very carefully._ _ the students are listening!时态复习：一、 一般现在时 1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2.时间状语： Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, 3.基本结构：动词 原形 （如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式） 4.否定形式：主语+am/is/are +not+其他; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont, 如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。Eg:i) It seldom snows here. Ii) He is always ready to help others. Iii) Action speaks louder than words.课堂练习1：按照要求改写句子。1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句) Daniel TV every evening.2. I do my homework every day .(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) you homework every day？No,I .3. She likes milk.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） she milk? Yes.,she .4. Simon is from Beijing.(同义句改写) Simon Beijing.5. Millie is clever at Maths.(同义句改写) Millie Maths .6、Sandy has long hair in a ponytail. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) Sandy long hair in a ponytail? Yes , .7、Simon and Daniel are good friends .(改为否定句) Simon and Daniel _ good friends.8、We are in the school football team. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答) you in the school football team? Yes, .9、Amy likes playing computer games. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) _ Amy _ playing computer games? No, _ _.10、We go to school every morning . (改为否定句) We _ _ to school every morning.11、She is always ready to help others. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答) _ she always ready to help others? No, _ _.12、The earth goes around the sun. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)_ the earth _ around the sun? Yes, _ _.13、He speaks English very well. (改为否定句) He _ speak English well.14、John comes from Canada.(对划线部分提问) Where _John _ from?15、I like taking my dog for a walk after supper.What _ you _ _ after supper?.改错:1.Is your brother speak English? 2. Does he looks like his father? 3.He likes play games after class. 4. Mr Wu teachs us English. 5. She doesnt her homework on Sundays. 二、 一般过去时 1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词 的过去式 4.否定形式：主语+was/were +not+其他;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：was或were放句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。 Eg:i)She often came to help us in those days. Ii) I didnt know you were so busy.课堂练习2写出下列动词的三单现和过去式 go _ _ enjoy _ _ buy _ _ eat_ _ get _ _ walk _ _ take_ _ dance_ _ write _ _ run_ _swim_ _ find _ _begin_ _ play _ _ study _ _句型转换1. The children had a good time in the park. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 对划线部分提问：_2. There were about nine hundred people at the concert.(音乐会) 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 对划线部分提问：_3. Ann did her homework yesterday evening. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 对划线部分提问：_4. Last week I read an English book. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯定/否定回答：_ 对划线部分提问：_对划线部分提问：_5. She had some bread for lunch today. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯定/否定回答：_ 对划线部分提问：_6. They read English last night. 否定句：_ 一般疑问句：_ 肯定/否定回答：_ 对划线部分提问：_三、现在进行时 1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 2.时间状语：Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen 3.基本结构：主语+be +doing +其他 4.否定形式：主语+be +not +doing+其他 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。Eg: i)How are you feeling today? Ii) He is doing well in his lessons.四、现在完成时 1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 2.时间状语：yet,already,just,never,ever,so far,by now,since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years, etc. 3.基本结构：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词）+其他 4.否定形式：主语+have/has + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他 5.一般疑问句：Have或Has 放于句首。 Eg:i)Ive written an article. Ii) The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 课堂练习4：I用所给动词的适当形式填空1. I_ already _ (see) the film. I _ (see) it last week.2. _ he _(finish) his work today ? Not yet .3. _ you _(be) to Hong Kong ? Yes, I _ (be) there twice4. He _ just _ (finish) his homework.5. _ the young woman ever _(travel) to England?6. _ each of you _(read) “Gone with the wind” yet?7. Have you _(get) any new CDs?8. My family have never _ (be) to Sanya.9. They _ ever _ (eat) fish and chips.10. I _ just _ (lose) my science book.11. Has Tom _ (finish) his work?12. I have already _ (read) this book.13. She hasnt _(return) her book yet.14. _ you ever _(eat ) chocolate sundaes ? No, never.15. My father _just _(come) back from work. He is tired now.16. Wheres Li Ming ? He _ (go) to the teachers office.17. Shanghai _ (be) a small town hundreds of years ago.Now it _ (become) a large city.18. I _ (work) here since I _ (move) here in 1999.19. So far I _(make) quite a few friends here.20. How long _ the Wangs _(stay) here ? For two weeks.21. I _ just _ (finish) my homework.22. He _ (go) to school on foot every day.23. _ you _ (find) your science book yet?24. If it _ (be) fine tomorrow, Ill go with you.25. She doesnt like the children _ (play) in the room.26. The students _ (read) English when the teacher came in.27. Look! The monkey _ (climb) the tree.28. My mother _ (come) to see me next Sunday.29. How many sheep _ you _ (get)? Only one.30. Ive lost my pen. _ you _ (see) it anywhere?II.句型转换(每空一词)。1. I have been to Macau before.(改否定句) I _ _ been to Macau before.2.He hasnt come to school because hes ill (就划线部分提问) _ _ he come to school?3.He has learned English for 5 years.(就划线部分提问) _ _ _ _ learned English ?4 I bough a new bike just now.(用just改写) I _ just _ a new bike.5. We began to learn English three years ago.(改为同义句) We _ _English _three yearsIII. 填入has / have been 或has / have gone.1. Harry： I saw you in Annabels Restaurant last night.Diana： No, it wasnt me. I never there.2. Sam： Sally and Tim are on holiday, arent they? Where they ? Sue：To Florida, again.Sam： How many times they there?Sue： This is their third visit.3. Joe： Can I have an apple, please?Mary： We havent got any. I not to the shops today.4. Alan： Wheres Tony?Mary： Hes got a headache so he to bed.5. Steve： Can I speak to Jill, please?Lynn： Shes out, Im afraid. She to the cinema this evening.Steve： Again? She already to the cinema three timesthis week.IV. 用for 或since填空。1. Jill has been in Ireland Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland three days.3. My aunt has lived in Australia 15 days.4. Margaret is in her office. She has been there 7 oclock.5. India has been an independent country 1974.6. The bus is late. Weve been waiting 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty many years.8. Mike has been ill a long time. He has been in hospital October.单项选择 ：课后作业1. Li Hong has _ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. joined to C. been in D. joined in 2. We have been friends since _. A. children B. five years C. five years ago D. five years before 3. Mike _ the story for a month. A. Has bought B. Has had C. had had D. has borrowed 4. You _ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C.already have asked D.asked already 5. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou _. A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago 6. I _ at this school for two years already. A. am studying B. study C. studied D. have studied 7. They _ in the city since last summer. A. live B. didnt live C. have lived D. live 8. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in 9. Mr. Black _ China since the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. has been in C. has come to D. came to 10. Youd better go on _ English. A. study B. studied C. studying D. to study 五、 一般将来时 1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 2.时间状语：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc. 3.基本结构：主语+am/is/are +going to + do+其他；主语+will/shall + do+其他 4.否定形式：主语+am/is/are not going to do ；主语+will/shall not do+其他 5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 Eg：i)They are going to have a competition with us in studies. Ii) It is going to rain.课堂练习3( ) 1. There _ a meeting tomorrow afternoon. A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be( ) 2. Charlie _ here next month. A. isnt working B. doesnt working C. isnt going to working D. wont work( ) 3. He _ very busy this week, he _ free next week. A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be( ) 4. There _ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening. A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be( ) 5. _ you _ free tomorrow? No. I _ free the day after tomorrow. A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be( ) 6. Mother _ me a nice present on my next birthday. A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give( ) 7. Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? _. （不，不要。） A. No, you wont. B. No, you arent. C. No, please dont. D. No, please.( ) 8. Where is the morning paper? I _ if for you at once. A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get( ) 9. _ a concert next Saturday? A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are( ) 10. If they come, we _ a meeting. A. have B. will have C. had D. would have( ) 11. He _ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to giving( ) 12. He _ to us as soon as he gets there. A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote( ) 13. He _ in three days. A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back( ) 14. If it _ tomorrow, well go roller-skating. A. isnt rain B. wont rain C. doesnt rain D. doesnt fine( ) 15. Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? No, _（不去）. A. they willnt. B. they wont. C. they arent. D. they dont.( ) 16. Who _ we _ swimming with tomorrow afternoon? A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go( ) 17. We _ the work this way next time. A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing( ) 18. Tomorrow he _ a kite in the open air first, and then _ boating in the park. A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; wi