定语从句易错点归纳之改错

定语从句易错点归纳之改错 定语从句易错点归纳改错1.IllneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinNewYorkwithyou.2.IllneverforgetthedayswhichIvisitedNew Yorkwithyou.3.Isthisthelibrarywhereyouvisitedyesterday?4.Maryissolovelyagirlaseverybodylovesher.5.Maryissolovelyagirlthateverybodyloves.6.Tomisoneofthestudentswholikesswimming.7.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswholikeswimming.8.Wasitintheshopthatyouboughttherecorderthatyoulostyourpen?9.Youdbettermakeamarkatwhereyouhaveanyquestions.10.Idontlikethewaywhichyouspeaktoher.11.Idontcareforpay.IjustwanttogetajobthatIcanbegreatlyvalued.12.Hefailedintheexamagain，whichwasexpected.13.Hefailedintheexamagain，aswasnotwhathehadexpected.14.ThisisthemostexcitingfootballgamewhichIhaveeverseen.15.HerearethematerialsthathadIthoughtofityoucouldhavetakenwithyouyesterday.16.ThetwothingswithwhichMarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.17.Tellhimallthethingstowhichheshouldpayattention.18.Thebookwhichcoverisbrokenisofgreathelptoallofus.19.Thebookofwhosethecoverisbrokenisofgreathelptoallofus.易错点一关系代词和关系副词的混用?析区分关系代词和关系副词的关键是看它们在定语从句中所充当的成分。 如果定语从句中缺少主语、宾语，就应考虑使用关系代词。 1.IllneverforgetthedayswhenIspentinNewYorkwithyou.（when应改为which或that，spent后面缺少宾语，故用关系代词。 ）2.IllneverforgetthedayswhichIvisitedNew Yorkwithyou.（which改为when，定语从句中有主语和宾语，故使用关系副词）3.Isthisthelibrarywhereyouvisitedyesterday?（where改为that或which，也可省略，动词visit后缺少宾语，故用关系代词引导定从。 ）易错点二固定句式出差错?4.Maryissolovelyagirlaseverybodylovesher.（as改为that;sothat为固定句式，that引导结果状语从句，该从句的成分是完整的，不缺少主语或宾语）5.Maryissolovelyagirlthateverybodyloves.（that改为as.soas是固定搭配，as引导定语从句，as在定语从句中作宾语或主语，类似的固定句式的定从还有thesameas(that)，suchas，asas）。 易错点三主谓不一致?6.Tomisoneofthestudentswholikesswimming.（likes改为like;在“oneof+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，故关系代词who=students,是复数概念。 ）7.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswholikeswimming.（like改为likes.在“the(only)oneof+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，先行词是one，而不是复数名词，故关系代词who=one，是单数概念）易错点四与强调句型及其他句型的混合?8.Wasitintheshopthatyouboughttherecorderthatyoulostyourpen?（第一个that改为where，youboughttherecorder为定语从句，其引导词应用where，后面第二个that才是强调句中的that，此句可还原为Youlostyourpenintheshopwhereyouboughttherecorder.）9.Youdbettermakeamarkatwhereyouhaveanyquestions.（去掉at，where引导地点状语从句）易错点五特殊名词作先行词时关系词的选取错误?10.Idontlikethewaywhichyouspeaktoher.（在which前加in，或将which改为that，或去掉which.注意way作先行词时，其定从引导词可用that或inwhich或省略）11.Idontcareforpay.IjustwanttogetajobthatIcanbegreatlyvalued.（that改为where或inwhich.注意case,club,job，oasion,point,position,situation，system,等作先行词时，定从常用where或inwhich,但最终决定答案的是看定从中是否缺少主语，宾语。 ）易错点六忽略as和which引导非限定性定语从句的区别?12.Hefailedintheexamagain，whichwasexpected.（which改为as）13.Hefailedintheexamagain，aswasnotwhathehadexpected.（as应改为which）as和which虽然都可引导非限制性定语从句，但仍有以下三点区别 (1)as有“正如;就像”之意，而which没有; (2)as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于句首、句中或句末，而which只能置于句末; (3)如果非限制性定语从句是否定句时，只能用which引导。 易错点七忽略that和which引导限制性定语从句的区别?14.ThisisthemostexcitingfootballgamewhichIhaveeverseen.（which改为that）15.HerearethesamplesthathadIthoughtofityoucouldhavetakenwithyouyesterday.（that改为which）析当先行词被最高级、序数词修饰或先行词本身是不定代词(且指代物)时，只能用that来引导定语从句，当关系词后面有插入成分时，只能用which来引导定语从句易错点八介词前置出差错?16.ThetwothingswithwhichMarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidioms.（with改为about或of.在定语从句中前置的介词必须和后面的动词或形容词构成固定搭配）17.Tellhimallthethingstowhichheshouldpayattention.（把to移到attention的后面。 并不是所有的固定搭配中的介词都可前置）易错点九which和whose的意义不明确?18.Thebookwhichcoverisbrokenisofgreathelptoallofus.（which改为whose）19.Thebookofwhosethecoverisbrokenisofgreathelptoallofus.（whose改为which）析关系代词which不能在定语从句中作定语，但whose可作定语，“whose+n”相当于“the+n+ofwhich”或“ofwhich+the+n”。 翻译天花板坏了的教室用作我们的图书馆。 Theclassroomwhoseceilingisbrokenservesasourlibrary.Theclassroomtheceilingofwhichisbrokenservesasourlibrary.Theclassroomofwhichtheceilingisbrokenservesasourlibrary.【易错点一】因为先行词不明而出错?1.先行词与引导词形式上不一致，是导致学生出错的一个主要原因。 如表时间的先行词不一定用when，表地点的先行词不一定用where，表原因的先行词不一定用why/forwhich等。 ?Isthisthereason_atthemeetingforhiscarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplainedB.whatheexplained?C.howheexplainedD.whyheexplained?Thisisjusttheplace_Iamlongingtovisittheseyears.?A.thatB.where?C.inwhichD.towhich?句中reason作explain的宾语，可以省略引导词，所以选A，对原因进行解释的内容在句子后面forhiscarelessnessinhiswork。 句中place作宾语从句的宾语，所以选A。 ?2.因为句子中有插入语或先行词另有限定语等搞不清楚先行词而出错。 ?Heoftenhelpsthestudents_hethinksarenotquickattheirstudies.?A.whomB.whoC.whenD.because?Sheisoneofthegirlswho_passedtheexam.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswho_passedtheexam.?A.wasB.wereC.hasD.have?句中hethinks作插入语，先行词是students,定语从句中缺少主语,所以B正确。 ?句中第一句中的who指代girls,是复数；而第二句中的who则指代theonlyone，所以是单数，所以正确答案分别为D，C。 ?3.有些先行词从字面上看不出是关于时间的还是关于地点的。 ?Iworkinabusiness_almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.?A.howB.whichC.whereD.that?Werejusttryingtoreachapoint_bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.?A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which?句中的business和point虽然看起来不是表示地点的，但从意思“在这个行业里/在这种程度下”来看，还应该用where引导。 ?4.分隔式定语从句因为结构复杂影响到先行词的正确选择。 ?Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome_Iwastakengoodcareofinfarawayvillage.?A.untilB.thatC.whenD.where?Thisisthebestbookonthesubject_hasappearedthisyear.?A.inwhichB.whereC.thatD.when?句中hours为先行词，因为定语从句太长所以放到补语后面，正确答案为B。 句中book为先行词，onthesubject为book的定语。 正确答案为C。 ?【易错点二】与其它从句混淆而出错?1.与what从句混淆而出错。 ?Loulancityisnotatall_atravelerwhohasneverseenthedesertbeforecanexpect.?A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where?Mr.Smithwassoangryatall_Billwasdoing_hewalkedoutangrily.A.that,whatB.that,that?C.which,whichD.what,that?句中notatall是“一点也不”的意思。 正确答案为A。 what引导的是表语从句，what作expect的宾语。 句中beangryat为固定短语，all为先行词，后接定语从句；all是不定代词，关系代词应该选that，第二空中的that是sothat结构，正确答案为B。 ?2.与强调句型混淆而出错:?Wasitinthishospital_shelivedfortenyears_shewastrainedtobearealnurse?A.that,whichB.which,that?C.where,thatD.that,where?IcantfindMr.Brown.Wheredidyoumeethimthismorning?Itwasinthehotel_hestayed.?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when?句是强调句中插入定语从句whereshelivedforyears，正确答案为C。 句依然是强调句中插入定语从句，不过省略了强调句中的thatImethimthismorning部分，正确答案为C。 ?3.与同位语混淆而出错:?Heexpressedhishope_hewouldvisitChinaagainthenextyear,andthiswastheveryhope_heexpressedassoonashearrivedinthecountry.?A.that,thatB.which,which?C.that,whichD.which,that?Itsthirtyyearssincewelastmet.?ButIstillrememberthestory,believeitornot,_wegotlostonarainynight.?A.whichB.thatC.whatD.when?句中第一个hope后接的是同位语从句，从句中不缺任何成分，第二个hope在定语从句中当宾语，正确答案为A。 句中story后接的是同位语从句，正确答案为B。 That引导的定语从句与同位语从句的主要区别在于:that在定语从句中既做引导词,又要充当句子成分;而在同位语从句中只引导句子,不在从句中充当成分.?【易错点三】因为一些固定结构没有掌握好而出错?Idontliketheway_youspeaktoher.?A./B.inthatC.whichD.ofwhich?Weshouldreadsuchbooks_willmakeusbetterandwiser.?A.whichB.asC.whoseD.what?句中当theway作先行词时，引导词可以用that，inwhich,也可省略引导词，正确答案为A。 句正确答案为B，当先行词受到such,thesame修饰时，引导词多用as.?【易错点四】在“介词+引导词”定语从句中，看不出从句中短语搭配而选错介词。 ?Inthedarkstreettherewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.?A.thatB.who?C.fromwhomD.towhom?Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone_theycantalkfrequently.?A.whoB.as?C.aboutwhichD.withwhom句考查短语turntosbforhelp“求助于某人”。 句考查talkwithsb“同某人谈话”。 正确答案均为D。 ?【易错点五】as引导的非限制性定语从句容易与主语从句或which引导的定语从句混淆而出错。 ?Asiswell-known,theearthisround.（定语从句）?Itiswell-knownthattheearthisround.（主语从句）?Johnisabsent,_isoftenthecase.?A.whatB.thatC.whoD.as?当从句的谓语动词是beannounced/expected/known/imagined/pointedout/said/reported/shown等被动式，或usuallyhappen,beoftenthecase等表示主句的习惯性或司空见惯的意思时，常用as，且as可放在句首，而which则不能，如；As还可用于类似插入语的句式中，而which则不可，如asissaidabove,asisknownall,asitis等。 句正确答案为D。 ?【巩固练习】?1.Isthismuseum_D_theyvisitedlastmonth?Isthisthemuseum_A/C_theyvisitedlastmonth?A.thatB.whereC.whichD.theone?2.Thegirlgotherselfintoaserioussituation_shewaslikelytolosecontroloverthemotorbike.?A.whereB.whichC.whileD.why3.Icanneverforgettheday_weworkedtogetherandtheday_wespenttoget