(三) 名词(属格)、代词与某些限定词.doc

（三）名词(属格)、代词与某些限定词1(三) 名词(属格)、代词与某些限定词v考点归纳 (部分代词、名词的内容将出现在“主谓一致”章节)1. 名词的复数形式: passer(s)-by grown-up(s), etc.特别注意某些单复数同形的名词，如means, works, series2. 某些名词多以 -s 形式存在，某些名词 -s 形式与无 -s 形式有所区别，如: instruction / instructions, custom / customs, damage / damages, supply / supplies, experience / experiences, word / words, surrounding / surroundings, hair / hairs, etc. physics, means, the Barbers, etc.3. 集体名词多数不可数，但诸如team, committee, family等词单数时将集体视为整体，而复数时则指构成集体的一个个成员；物质名词多不可数，作为可数名词时意义不同，如 water(s) 可数时指大面积的水域；抽象名词多数不可数，但某些抽象名词如 victory, conference 等可数；另一些抽象名词可以复数形式出现，但不能计数，如difficulty / difficulties, opinion, opinions；某些抽象名词有复数与非复数两种形式，但表示不同含义，如experience表“经验”时没有复数，表“经历”时，两种形式均可4. 名词属格注意: 复合名词或作为整体的名词词组的属格在最后一个词尾加 -s，如somebody elses opinion；并列名词表示各自的关系，在各个名词后加 -s，如Marys and Bobs books，若为Mary and Bobs books则指两人共有的书；独立属格常用于表示某人的家、住宅、教堂、公司等，如the Johnsons, St. Pauls (Cathedral), the grocers等；双重属格结构中，介词补足成分必须是确定的人，如a friend of the doctors，一般不说 *a friend of a doctors以及 *a cover of the books，此类结构修饰名词的多为非确定特指的限定词如a, any, some而非定冠词，如一般不说 *the son of Jacks；of- 词组与双重属格一般可交替使用，但有时意义会有较大差别，试比较a picture of Mr. Jacksons (一张杰克逊先生画的或拥有的画作) / a picture of Mr. Jackson (一张画杰克逊先生的画作)5. 名词化倾向(nominal style): I havent seen him since . (Here his wedding day is better than he got married.)6. 限定词一般可与单数名词、复数名词、不可数名词搭配，共分为以下七类情况: 三者均可: the, some, any, no, other, whose及物主限定词；只能与单数名词: a(n), one, another, each, every, either, neither, many a, such a等；只能与复数名词: both, (a) few, another two, several, these, those, a number of等；只能与不可数名词: a bit of, a large amount of, a great deal of, (a) little, much等；能与单、复数名词: the first, the last, the next等词，如the last three students；能与单数、不可数名词: this, that等；能与复数、不可数名词: a lot of, lots of, plenty of, more, enough, more, most, such, other等；特别注意限定词、代词的先后顺序问题(you, he and I)7. 区分某些词:other(s) / the other(s):带-s的词(指others / the others)为代词，不带-s的可修饰名词；the other指的是一定范围内除去一部分后的全体，other指的是除去一部分的另一部分，但不是全体all / both / none / neither:all指三者或以上的全都；both指两者的全都；none指三者或以上的全都不；neither指两者的全都不；选择题中注意句子意思(but等转折词)、主谓一致及数量(两者、三者或以上)other / another: 前者位于数字后(two other books)，后者位于数字前(another three weeks)nothing / no one (nobody) / none:nothing与no one (nobody)指无范围的否定；none指有范围否定(a) few / (a) little: 带a表肯定，注意quite a few, a good few, not a few表示相当多8. 分清物主代词与人称代词；反身代词是高考的一个要点，注意与之有关的词组及搭配，如dress, seat, buy, find, enjoy, behave, stretch, express, help oneself等；注意语篇中的人称一致问题v考前巩固I.Complete the sentences by using a proper word from the list.2(A)allanynonobodynonesome1. Wendy couldnt find _ butter, but she had _ margarine (人造奶油).2. I found that even my teachers could not answer this question. Of course _ knows everything.3. _ cigarette is completely harmless.4. Anna likes to keep everything to herself. She talks to _ about her problems.5. _ of the boys could forget what had happened last night.6. I dont do just _ work: I choose jobs that interest me and that pay well.(B)otherthe otherbothneithereither7. Children sat at one end of the long table and their parents sat at _.8. Huge crowds of people stood on _ side of the river watching the boat race.9. When we visited the kindergarten, the kids were _ singing or dancing or busy at _ activity.10. Marie and Judy are _ dedicated primary school teachers. _ can ever be persuaded to leave the job.II.Choose the best answer.1. Mary Ellen doesnt have _ gas in her car.A. someB. noC. lots D. any2. _ yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will drag down the economy.A. NobodyB. AnybodyC. Somebody D. Everybody3. Some fleas have one or two eyes, but others have _.A. noneB. noC. any D. no one4. He has learned English and Japanese. Now he is going to learn _ language.A. othersB. otherC. some D. another5. Almost _ fruits and vegetables contain riboflavin (维生素B2); the richest sources are leafy green vegetables such as spinach, kale or turnip greens.A. everyB. someC. all D. none6. _ of the twins was arrested, because I saw both at a party last night.A. NoneB. BothC. Neither D. All7. Tom and Dick have arrived, but _ students in the class arent here yet.A. otherB. the othersC. others D. the other8. Ten years had elapsed, and I found she had _.A. a little grey hairB. a few grey hairC. some grey hair D. a few grey hairs9. “Do you want to see my ID card or my drivers license?” “_ will do.”A. EveryB. EachC. Either D. Both10. If a child needs more time in the kindergarten than some other children, he should be given _.A. itB. /C. them D. him11. Youre always working. Come on, lets go shopping. _ you ever want to do is going shopping.A. AnythingB. SomethingC. All D. That12. The Parkers bought a new house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in.A. theyB. itC. one D. which13. Both teams were in hard training, _ was willing to lose the game.A. eitherB. neitherC. another D. the other314. If this dictionary is not yours, _ can it be?A. what elseB. who elseC. which elses D. who elses15. Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about _?A. anotherB. the otherC. others D. the rest16. Why dont we take a little break? Didnt we just have _?A. itB. thatC. one D. this17. Few pleasures can equal _ of a cool drink on a hot day.A. someB. anyC. that D. those18. Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I cant remember _.A. whereB. thereC. which D. that19. I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with _.A. everythingB. anythingC. something D. nothing20. I hope there are enough glasses for each guests to have _.A. itB. thoseC. them D. one21. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. They each have two tickets.B. They cost twenty yuan each.C. Each they have bought the same book. D. They were given two magazines each,22. When one has good health, _ should feel fortunate.A. youB. theyC. he D. we23. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. All his lectures are very interesting.B. Half their savings were gone.C. Many his friends came to the party. D. Both his sisters are nurses.24. I know he failed his last test, but really hes _ stupid.A. something butB. anything butC. nothing but D. not but25. He is _ as a leader but he hasnt _ in teaching.A. successmany experiencesB. a successmuch experienceC. great successan experience D. a great successa lot of experiences26. Dont leave matches on the table within _ of little children.A. handB. reachC. space D. distance27. The teacher gave John one of the best _ he had ever known.A. piece of adviceB. pieces of advicesC. piece of advices D. pieces of advice28. The book is given by _.A. a friend of my sisterB. a friend of my sistersC. my sister friend D. my sister friends29. _ came that our football team beat the opponents.A. The wordB. A wordC. Words D. Word30. It is not _ to talk loudly in public places.A. a good mannerB. good mannerC. good manners D. the good manner31. I have been to _ to have my hair cut.A. barbersB. the barberC. barber D. the barbers32. Shanghai is larger than _ city in Jiangsu.A. anyB. any otherC. other D. one33. If you want to change for a single room youll have to pay _ 15.A. anotherB. otherC. more D. each34. Why is there _ traffic on the streets in February than in May?A. lessB. fewerC. few D. little435. The model worker had _ thought of his own interests.A. the lastB. lessC. the leastD. another36. The additional work will take _ weeks.A. the otherB. another fiveC. other fiveD. the more37. I saw _ boys in the cinema.A. the bothB. many aC. both the D. the several38. Are you going to buy _ rice?A. all theseB. these allC. all this D. both these39. _ dictionary is enough for me.A. Such oneB. One suchC. Such a oneD. One such a40. They are not likely to agree to _ propositions.A. other anyB. other allC. all otherD. other theseIII.Correct errors, if any, in the following sentences.1. Mrs. Blake has had few opportunity to travel.2. Both sentences are not correct English.3. He has much more problems than he used to.4. There are warehouses on either side of the river.5. The librarian has catalogued each book in the fiction section.6. More corn is produced in the United States than in any country in the world.7. She has a great many of friends in New York.8. Some boy has broken a window.9. Presumably there are less diseases in the frigid (寒冷的) zones than there are in the torrid zones.10. He came to see me once three months.11. Linguistics is a scientific study of the language.12. Would you like any more soup?13. I had a little difficulty in solving the problem.14. Anything on the table can be thrown away, cant they?15. They caught his cheating on the exam.16. The furniture is theirs, but the house is ours.17. Ive bought several paintings of him. (我从他那里买了几张画。)18. If one doesnt want to get lost in the mountain, you must have a guide.19. I went to the doctor for an advice about my health.20. There were some looker-ons by the roadside.21. It wasnt his car but someone elses.22. The friend of my fathers called last night.23. Those new shoes of you look very smart.24. Several hundred guests appear at the meeting.25. They each had their problems.v模拟演练1. Wow! Youve got so many clothes. But _ of them are in fashion now.(09秋)A. anotherB. otherC. more D. each2. It is said that two man-made structures are clearly visible from space. One is the Great Wall of China, and _ is Japans Kansai International Airport.(10春)A. anotherB. otherC. the other D. either53. If our parents do everything for us children, we wont learn to depend on _.(10秋)A. themselvesB. themC. us D. ourselves4. They produced two reports, _ of which contained any useful suggestions.(11春)A. eitherB. allC. none D. neither5. She always buys a postcard of the place she visits, addresses _ to herself and posts it at the nearby post office.(09市调研)A. herB. itC. herself D. them6. Although house prices are unpredictable, most people believe that they will not rise by more than _ five percent.(10奉贤-1)A. any otherB. the otherC. anotherD. at7. Make sure youve got the passports and tickets and _ before you leave.(10普陀-1)A. somethingB. anythingC. everythingD. nothing8. It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _ of the parents spoke the language.(10普陀-1)A. noneB. neitherC. bothD. each9. I didnt choose any of the three offerings, because I found _ of them satisfactory.(10闵行-1)A. neitherB. eitherC. allD. none10. In societies where social roles are determined, boys usually copy the behavior of their fathers, and girls _ of their mothers.(10嘉定-1 / 11嘉定-1)A. thatB. thoseC. oneD. the ones11. The boys parents often quarrel about their son, and _ of them is willing to give in.(10卢湾-1)A. anyB. othersC. neitherD. none12. Talking with Barack Obama face to face at the Museum of Science and Technology in Shanghai was an unforgettable moment, _ the students will always treasure.(10虹口-1)A. oneB. itC. thatD. this13. We had a party last month and it was a lot of fun, so lets have _ one this month.(10长宁-1)A. the otherB. someC. anotherD. other14. Learning that my mother was playing the word game against _. I bought a computer for her to play against.(10黄浦-1)A. herB. meC. itselfD. herself15. Would you like steak or chicken? _. Im full now.(10浦东-1)A. BothB. NoneC. EitherD. Neither16. The patient has tried quite a few kinds of medicine, but _ had any effect on his disease.(10徐汇-1)A. noneB. nothingC. neitherD. no one17. No important progress was made in the U.N climate conference in Copenhagen as _ of the rich countries agreed to offer large amounts of money to fight carbon crisis.(10闸北-1)A. nothingB. noneC. neitherD. both18. You can take _ half of the turkey. They are of the same weight and price.(10青浦-1)A. bothB. eitherC. neitherD. any19. The auto-man checked the car engine thoroughly but could find _ wrong with it.(10静安-1)A. noneB. nothingC. noD. no one20. Was the exam you took last week easy? _ but easy but I did my best.(10宝山-1)A. SomethingB. EverythingC. NothingD. Anything21. Its wrong for _ parent to tell kids to ignore what the other parent tells them to do.(10长宁-2)A. eachB. eitherC. everyD. both22. Did you watch the football match last night? Yes, thats a most close one, and eventually neither could defeat _.(10卢湾-2)6A. bothB. the otherC. anotherD. each23. Which of these electronic watches do you like? _ of them. They are expensive and of little use.(10浦东-2)A. NoneB. AllC. BothD. Either24. I bought three DVD copies of the film Avatar and now _ is left. Somebody just borrows something and never returns.(10闵行-2)A. noneB. nothingC. eitherD. neither25. We are ensured that there are enough textbooks for each student to have _ when the new semester comes.(10四区-2)A. itB. thoseC. oneD. them26. I made a call to all of my friends yesterday. To my disappointment, _ of them answered it.(10普陀-2)A. eitherB. neitherC. noneD. nobody27. Take 5 percent of your paycheck to pay off debt and put _ 5 percent into savings.(10徐汇-2)A. otherB. moreC. anotherD. the other28. The woman managed to send her three children to universities but _ came to see her when she was old and seriously ill.(10虹口-2)A. noneB. allC. neitherD. both29. We had a party last month and it was a lot of fun, so lets have _ one this month.(10松江-2)A. otherB. moreC. the otherD. another30. Now on hand are two tough tasks for the newly-elected Chile (智利) president: one to help the country to recover from the earthquake, and _ to invite more foreign aid.(10闸北-2)A. otherB. the otherC. anotherD. either31. There is only one dress of this kind left here. I wonder if you still want to buy _.(10黄浦-2)A. itB. oneC. someD. any32. I made a call to my parents yesterday. To my disappointment, _ of them answered it.(10奉贤-2)A. eitherB. noneC. neitherD. nobody33. Can you come on Monday or Tuesday? Im afraid _ day is possible.(09八校)A. eitherB. neitherC. someD. any34. As Hubble is above the Earths atmosphere, which disturbs starlight, Hubbles images are much sharper than _ of other Earth-based telescope.(10七校)A. oneB. onesC. thatD. those35. Of the most popular campus singers in their school this year, _ came from Senior 3.(10六校-1)A. noneB. no oneC. nothingD. both36. The friends tried to settle the quarrel between Mr. and Mrs. Smith without hurting the feelings of _, but failed.(11奉贤-1)A. noneB. eitherC. allD. neither37. _ in the office had made a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customer inconvenience. (11普陀-1)A. SomeB. AnyoneC. OneD. Someone38. This mathematic problem is very difficult, but we have managed to work it out _.(11长宁-1)A. somewhereB. anywhereC. somehowD. somewhat39. Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? _. Im not particular about drinks.(11闵行-1)A. BothB. NoneC. EitherD. Neither40. I have a sore throat today! Youd better take advantage of the tea break to go to _.(11虹口-1)7A. chemistsB. the chemistC. the chemistsD. the chemists41. Boston, Paul and Ray were all superstars on fierce different teams. Yet, _ of them had any title to show for that.(11虹口-1)A. allB. noneC. bothD. neither42. Busy as he was with all the documents in the office from day to night in the big city crowded with people, he usually, looking out of the big window, felt _ lonely.(11卢湾-1)A. nothing butB. anything butC. all butD. everything but43. Do you often talk with your friends on the telephone or mobile phone? _. I like using QQ.(11徐汇-1 / 11金山-1)A. NoneB. EitherC. AnyD. Neither44. The films that create a high box office are not necessarily _ with high investment.(11杨浦-1)A. theseB. the onesC. thatD. one45. Tommy and his younger sister play together, but their brother likes being by _.(11黄浦-1)A. oneselfB. herselfC. themselvesD. himself46. As the world changes faster than ever, our greatest concern is making sure that _ of these changes do us harm.(11宝山-1)A. anyB. someC. neitherD. none47. Books cannot change the world, but people change the world by changing _ through reading.(11浦东-1)A. themselvesB. themC. ourselvesD. us48. Given the huge price increase in the food market, _ is expecting the government to take action.(11闸北-1)A. nobodyB. everybodyC. eitherD. none49. If more readers become comfortable with reading digitally, _ but the book-collectors will want to buy paper books.(11青浦-1)A. anyoneB. someoneC. everyoneD. none50. Michael Jackson gained popularity at a time when MTV was establishing _ as a creative force.(11崇明-1)A. itB. himC. itselfD. himself51.Knowing the meaning of a word is one thing; yet using it both grammatically and communicatively properly is quite _.(10十一校)A. much B. many C. little D. another52.The