高中部分常用短语.doc

1. addvt.& vi. 增加；加；加起来；补充说； 又说常用结构：add to增添；增加；增进 add .to .把增添到add up合计，相加add up to总数为；总计为He added some wood to increase the fire.他添了一些木柴，使火更旺些。If you add 4 to 3 you get 7.四加三得七I should like to add that we are pleased with the test result. 我还要补充一下,我们对测试结果很满意。I dont want to add to your troubles.我不想给你添麻烦。 He wrote down the weight of each stone and then added up all the weights.他把每一块石头的重量记下来，然后把所有的重量加在一起。The figures add up to 137.这些数目加起来总和是137。2. upsetadj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt. ( upset, upset) 使不安；使心烦；打翻；打乱联想拓展be upset by.被 打乱upset oneself about sth.为某事烦恼Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit.她一来把我们周末的安排给打乱了。Dont upset yourself no harm has been done.不要难过并没有造成任何伤害。He was horribly upset over her illness. 他为她的病而忧心忡忡。The students really upset her. 学生们着实让她烦恼。 3. ignorevt. 不理睬；忽视I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely.我向她打招呼，可是她根本不理我。 He ignored the speed limit and drove very fast.他不顾时速限制，把车开得飞快。联想拓展ignorant adj. (对某事物）不了解的；无知的；无学识的be ignorant of/about sth.不知道；没有意识到ignorance n.无知；愚昧；不知道be in ignorance of/about sth. 不知道某事 易混辨析ignore/neglect/overlook ignore 通常指有意不顾，或不理会显而易见的事物。neglect 侧重指有意的忽略或忽视，也可指粗心与疏忽。overlook指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。高手过招 （1）用ignore/neglect/overlook的适当形式填空 （原创）We could not afford to such a serious offence.He utterly my warnings and met with an accident.Dont to pay him a visit now and then4. concernn. U关心，担心，担忧；C有利害关系的事 vt. 涉及，关系到，参与；使担心联想拓展concerning prep. 关于concerned adj.有关的；担心的concern sb.与某人有关be concerned with sth.牵涉，与有关；参与concern oneself with 关心be concerned about/for/over sth.担心；关心某事as/so far as . be concerned关于；至于；就而言As far as I am concerned, you can go wherever you want.就我而言，你什么时候走都行。We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.我们读了关于天外来客的故事。I was very concerned about my mothers illness. 我很担心母亲的病情。5. settlevi. 安家；定居；停留vt. 使定居；安排；解决Both wanted to settle their scores.双方都愿意尽弃前嫌。常用结构：settle down 镇定下来settle in 在定居He settled his child in a corner of the compartment.他把孩子安顿在车厢的一个角落里。The family has settled in Canada.这家人已定居加拿大。6. suffervt. 遭受；忍受；蒙受vi.后接from/for意为“受之苦”，“患疾病”常用结构：suffer an attack/a defeat/losses/pains遭受打击/失败/损失/痛苦He suffered hard pains from the accident.他忍受着事故带来的痛苦。Do you suffer from headaches? 你经常头痛吗? Shes suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遗忘症。联想拓展sufferer n. 受苦者，受难者suffering n.痛苦，苦难 7. go through经历；经受；检查；浏览；用完；做完The country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。Shes gone through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。Have you gone through all your money already?你把所有的钱都花完了吗？I went through the students papers last night.昨晚我仔细阅读了学生的试卷。联想拓展go after追求；追赶go ahead 前进；请说（做）吧go by走过；（时间）过去go along with向前；（与.)一起去go in for爱好；从事go out 外出；（灯，火）熄灭go over 越过；复习go through with 做完；完成go up 爬上；（价格等）上升8. get sth.done让别人做某事/使得某事被做done是过去分词作宾语补足语，与have sth. done句型的用法一样。get sb./sth. doing使某人/某事物起来get sb. to do sth.使/让某人做某事get done （状态的改变）get作系动词，相当于beget away逃脱；离开get back回来；取回get by维持生活；通过get down to sth./doing sth.开始认真做某事get in进站；到达；收集get off下来；下车get on上车；进展；进步get cross(对)生气，发脾气get in ones way挡路，妨碍get used to doing sth.习惯做某事get involved in涉及get in touch with和取得联系get it了解，懂得，明白set about (doing sth.) 着手（做某事）set out (to do sth.)开始，着手(做某事)set aside留出；不顾set back（把钟等）往回拨；推迟set free释放；解放set off动身，出发（去某地）；使爆炸set out动身，出发；安排，组织set up开办；建立；设立set an example to树立榜样set fire to .= set . on fire纵火烧be set in以为背景The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks.由于天气恶劣，建筑计划延误了好几个星期。We need to set about finding a solution.我们得着手寻找一个解决办法。set about 和set out都可作“开始/着手做某事”讲，但set about 后加doing sth.， 而set out后加 to do sth.。 10. on purpose故意purpose n. 目的，用途；目标；重要意义for the purpose of 为了to little/no purpose 作用不大/徒劳The purpose of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.这本书的目的是全面介绍这所大学。join sb. in sth.与某人一起做某事join up入伍；参军join up with sb.与某人联合；会合join hands with sb.与某人拉起手来；合伙；联合Will you join me in a walk? 你愿意和我一起散步吗？Let us join hands in friendship.让我们携手共建友谊吧。join in/join/take part in/attendjoin in 参加正在进行着的活动。如游戏、讨论、辩论、谈话等。join 参加某组织或团体，并成为其中一员;来和某人待在一起。take part in 参加会议或有组织的群众性活动，并在其中发挥一定的作用。attend 正式用语，指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、上课、上学、听报告等，句子的主语是去听去看，自己不一定起积极作用，相当于be present。1. commandn. & vt. 命令；指令；掌握The officer commanded his soldiers to fire. 那名军官命令士兵们开火。A general is a man who commands a large number of soldiers.将军是统率众多士兵的人。常用结构：at/ by sbs command 听某人支配take command of 控制in command of 指挥着under ones command 由某人的指挥under the command of sb. 在某人的指挥下 command sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事command (=order) that . 命令（从句用虚拟语气，即should+ do 形式，should可省略）联想拓展commander n. 指挥官 2. requestvt.&n. 请求；恳求；要求常用结构：request sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事request sth. from/of sb. 向某人要求某物request that sb. (should) do sth.要求某人做某事make a request/requests 发出请求at the request of sb.at sb.s request依照某人的请求易混辨析 request/demand/requirerequest表示“有礼貌的请求；正式的请求”。demand表示“有正当权利的要求”，因此含有“坚决或强烈要求”的意思。require表示“要求所必须的东西；法律、协定、规章以及其他客观情况的要求”。但它们也有不同之处：require和request都可以接宾语+to do sth.结构，而demand没有此种用法。但可以说demand of sb. to do sth.require+动名词时，主动形式的动名词具有被动意义，而demand，request无此种用法。They are demanding higher wages. 他们要求提高工资。 Do you require anything else? 你还要求（需要）别的吗？ Many people have requested this next song.许多人要求听下面这首歌。They required me to keep silent. 他们要求我保持沉默。The letter requested us to leave the house within six weeks. 这封信要求我们六周内搬出这所房子。温馨提示以上三个词的共同点是：从语法上看，request和demand，require都可以接that引导的宾语从句，并且在从句中要使用虚拟语气。 3. recognizevt. 辨认出；承认；公认常用结构：recognize sb. 认出某人recognize ones voice听出某人的声音recognize . as . 认定；承认为recognize sb./sth. . to be .认为某人/某事物是recognize that .承认When he walked out of the station, I recognized him immediately. 当他从车站里走出来时，我立刻认出了他。Everyone recognized him to be the lawful heir/as the lawful heir. 大家都承认他为合法继承人。4. directionn. C 方向；方面;U指导；指挥常用结构：in the direction of 朝的方向(=towards)in sbs direction 朝某人的方向(=towards sb.)under ones direction 在指导下(=under the direction of sb.)Tom went off in one direction and Jack in another. 汤姆往一个方向走，杰克往另外一个方向走。Reforms are needed in many directions. 许多方面都需要改革。He is walking in the direction of the police station. 他正朝警察局的方向走去。He glanced in her direction and their eyes met.他朝她这个方向一看，俩人的眼睛相遇了。The singing group is under the direction of Mr Lee. 合唱团由李先生指挥。温馨提示direction意为“指示；指引；用法说明”等，通常要用复数形式。注意：表示邮件上的“姓名地址”时，也用复数形式。Follow the directions on the medicine bottle.请按药瓶上的说明服药。 5. more than one意为“不止一个”，虽然在意义上表示复数，但作主语或修饰主语时，谓语动词用单数，与many a(许多)用法一样；如果more修饰复数可数名词再跟than one作主语时，其谓语动词则要用复数More than one member has protested against the proposal. 不止一个成员反对这个建议。More than one person has been concerned in this.这里面涉及的不仅是一个人。More persons than one have been involved.涉及的不仅仅是一个人。联想拓展“more than+ adj.”意为“很；非常”。在“more . than .”中，肯定“more”后面的，而否定“than”后面的，意为“是而不是”或者“与其不如”。“more than . can/could”是英语里的一个常见结构，可把more than理解为not,表示否定，该结构意为“非所能；是所不能；不是所能”。more often than not 经常；往往In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments. 做科学实验时，对待仪器必须非常小心才行。6. because of因为；由于是介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动名词及what从句。She got hurt because of what youd said.她因为你的话而受到伤害。due to 意为“由于”常作表语，也作后置定语和状语。thanks to意为“多亏；由于”只作状语。owing to意为“由于”常作状语。as a result of意为“由于”作状语。易混辨析 because/as/since/forbecause表示直接原因，语气最强。回答why提出的问题只能用because。在强调句型中，也只能用because。as用于解释做某事的原因，语气较弱，通常位于主句前。since表示的原因是指人们已知的事实，常意为“既然”。语气比because弱，但比as强。通常位于主句前，并常与as换用。for并列连词，连接并列分句，表示一种补充说明，是推测或判断的理由，语气较弱，不可位于主句前。有时可表示直接原因