工程学院专业英语翻译(岩土系适用).doc

（一）Abstract: The karst mud limestone of Triassic Badong formation (T2 b) is the serious engineering geological problem newly discovered in the population resettlement project in the Three Gorges Reservoir region. There are very complex structures in mud limestone, involving old structures, new structures and surface deformation structures, which coordinately control the karstification. In the old structures, the local structures such as folds and fault zones control the important segments and layers of karstification; and the mini structures such as joint and layer face popularize the karstification. The surface uplift and river cutting in new tectonic period put forward the unload and loose of rock mass, widening of karstification paths. The surface deformation structures densify the karstification paths and intensify the karstification. The mechanism of karst hazards yields to the regulation of structure controlling over karstification in mud limestone terrain, Three Gorges Reservoir region , which brings about hazards with features of broad range , huge scale and complex structure. The types of karst hazards involve uneven subsidence, fissure, landslide, collapse, mudflow and cave in. 三峡库区三叠系巴东组(T2b)泥灰质岩石岩溶是移民迁建中发现的重大工程地质问题。泥灰质岩石中的构造非常复杂,包括老构造、新构造和表生构造,它们共同控制了岩溶作用。老构造中,褶皱和断裂带等局部构造控制着岩溶的重要部位和重要层位,节理和层理等小构造使岩溶普遍存在。新构造时期 地表隆升和河流切割使岩体卸荷松动,岩溶通道扩宽。表生岩溶构造加密了岩溶通道,使岩溶作用增强。三峡库区泥灰质岩石斜坡带岩溶灾害的形成机理遵循着构造控制下岩溶发育的规律性,致使岩溶地质灾害具有范围广、规模大和结构复杂的特点。岩溶地质灾害的形式包括地面不均匀沉降、地裂缝、滑坡、崩塌、泥石流和地面塌陷。（二）Abstract：Harm of concealed karst geological disaster lies in its properties of concealment and outburst; karst and soil-cave related with cause of formation, coexist with engineering environment, find out its development and distribution features, calculate karst geological disaster, analyze and handle directly sub grade and foundation engineering problems，which are focal point works of geological engineering investigation. The problem of bridge foundation type select and ground treatment which were combined with engineering example in karst were analyzed in this paper.隐伏岩溶地质灾害的危害在于其隐蔽性和突发性,岩溶与土洞成因上相关联,工程环境中共存,查明其发育及分布特征,预测岩溶地质灾害,有针对性的分析处理地基基础问题,是岩土工程勘察的重要工作内容。本文结合工程实例对隐伏型岩溶地区桥梁基础选型与地基处理问题进行分析。（三）Abstract: Landslide is a primary geology disaster and one of most popular studying project all over the world. It is difficult to forecast and is controlled with high cost, for its forming condition, acted factors, variation of movement mechanism are complicated. In recent 20 years, there is the fast progress on environmental and geology disaster study, and remediation and forecast on landslide disaster also have been developing at home and abroad. This paper summarizes current situation and developments of landslide study at home and abroad in recent 20 years.滑坡作为一种主要地质灾害, 由于其产生的条件、作用因素、运动机理的多样性、多变性和复杂性, 预测的困难, 治理费用的昂贵, 一直是世界各国研究的重要地质和工程问题之一。近20 年来, 是环境和地质灾害研究比较快的一个时期, 国际上研究和防治滑坡灾害空前活跃, 各项研究进一步扩展和深入, 防治工程措施在已有措施的基础上进一步完善, 监测预报方面也有了巨大发展。本文对二十年国内外滑坡研究的现状及动态做一简单的回顾。（四）Active faults are the places that are most easily damaged in the crust, but also are the biggest places that cause deformations and displacements. Inspecting acting faults has an important practical significance to forecasting developing tendency and lightening the calamity of the earthquake. By researching two cross sections in Linfen and Hongtong, the paper reveals the relations about active faults and earthquakes. And if will serve for Shanxi earthquakes forecast.活动断层是地壳最易破坏的地方,也是发生形变和位移最大的地方.通过对活动断层的观察,对于预测地震的发展趋势、减轻地震灾害具有重大的现实意义.本文通过对临汾、洪洞两个剖面的观察研究,揭示活动断层和地震的关系,为山西的地震预报提供服务.（五）Abstract: Starting with the formational mechanism of faulting, the relationship between faults and tectonic stress field is discussed. Based on the data of faults, the orientation of maximum principal stress in the region of Gansu is calculated. The study results show that the orientation of compressive principal stress is N E and the modern tectonic stress field is in keeping with geotectonic stress field and seismic stress field. So it is considered that the geotectonic stress field in the investigated area since Neogene has always been kept relative, which may be due to the collision between the Eurasian and Indian plates.从断裂的形成机制入手讨论了活断层与构造应力场的关系, 利用断层资料计算了甘肃地区的主压应力方向. 结果表明, 主压应力为北东向. 新构造应力场、现代构造应力场、地震应力场趋于一致. 认为晚第三级以来, 甘肃地区地壳构造应力场相对稳定, 应该是印度板块与欧亚板块相互作用的结果. （六）Abstract：The Three Gorges Project (TGP) on the Yangtze River is the largest water resources project in the world; it is now attracting the worldwide attention. Possessing comprehensive utilization benefits mainly for flood control, power generation and navigation improvement, TGP will be a vital important and backbone project in harnessing and developing of the Yangtze River. The Three Gorges Reservoir has been formed initially ; in pace with the water level raising , the storage capacity enlarged ; the possibility of reservoir induced earthquake also raised ; the highest intensity of induced earthquake would be less than , and no influence fordesigned TGP. However, we must enhance the study, monitors and forecast s of the induced earthquakes, prevent seismic and geological calamities, ensure the safe construction and operation of TGP, set up the harmonious society, guarantee the long period of peace and order. This article collected the long-term earthquake study, monitor and forecast materials of both inside and outside the country as well as the Three Gorges Reservoir, gave a summary of the Three Gorges Reservoir induced earthquake study for your reference and comments.三峡水利枢纽规模宏大,举世瞩目,具有巨大的防洪、发电、航运等综合效益,是开发治理长江的骨干工程. 三峡工程已于2003年6月蓄水、永久船闸通航,7 月第一批机组发电;2009 年全部工程竣工投产. 三峡水库已初步形成,随着蓄水位上升,库容加大,诱发水库地震的可能性也将加大. 根据最大历史地震震级并适当加权,确定库区最大可信地震为6 级左右. 对坝址所受影响烈度为度,不会对按烈度度设防的枢纽主要建筑物构成直接威胁. 必须加强对三峡水库诱发地震的研究、监测及预报,预防地震及地质灾害,确保工程建设及运行安全,构建和谐社会,确保长治久安.本文搜集国内外及三峡水库有关地震研究、监测及预报资料,对三峡水库诱发地震研究进行综述,供参阅指正.（七）Induced Reservoir Earthquake and Relative Works for Earthquake Prevention and Disaster Mitigation in ChongqingAbstract: The induced reservoir earthquake caused by storing water in the Three Gorges Reservoir of Yangtze River and other reservoirs has been the prominent characteristic of seismicity in Chongqing area. In this paper, some measures for the induced reservoir earthquake monitoring and relative earthquake protection and disaster mitigation in Chongqing Municipality are introduced, mainly on basic research, construction of monitoring network, corporation with internal and international scientists and trying obtain the help from government and society.重庆市水库诱发地震及其防震减灾工作长江三峡蓄水和其它水库引起的水库诱发地震正成为重庆市震情的突出特色。本文介绍了重庆市在争取各级政府和社会支持,从基础研究、监测台网建设、国内外合作等方面积极开展水库诱发地震的监测及其相关防震减灾工作的措施。 （八）Study on Stability and Control Measures of Tanjiaping Landslide in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area LUO Hong Ming, TANG Hui Ming(Engineering faculty, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan China)Abstract：Tanjiaping landslide lies in the new established Badong County ,which is one of the geological disasters managed in the first batch in the reservoir area of Three Gorges reservoir. The stability of Tanjiaping landslide is directly related to property and life of resident and the safe of vehicle and ship traffic. The stability of Tanjiaping landslide in different condition is applied to the qualitative and quantitative analytical method. On its basis, some principles and control measures are pointed out.Key words：Tanjiaping landslide , transfer coefficient method , stability evaluation , treatment scheme.三峡库区谭家坪滑坡稳定性与防治对策研究罗红明, 唐辉明(中国地质大学工程学院,武汉430074)谭家坪滑坡位于巴东县新城区,是三峡库区纳入首批治理地质灾害点之一.该滑坡的稳定性直接关系到滑坡区内居民人身财产以及公路交通、长江航道的安全。从定性和定量上分析了谭家坪滑坡在不同工况下的稳定性,在其基础上对谭家坪滑坡提出了防治对策。（九）Geologic Hazards Monitoring Method of Highway in Western Region (China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China)Abstract：Monitoring technology of geologic hazard is an important method that study geology hazards and takes it to forecast ,prevent and cure. This paper investigated and constituted the monitoring technology course for them. And adopt different implement scheme for the character of the landslip, landslide and mud and stone flow. Base on the character of geologic hazards influence the roading in western region and combine 3S technology, the main work is that study out idiographic monitoring plan. The result will be used in western highways designed and built. These communications are trustiness as demonstration research of geologic hazards monitoring.Key words: Monitoring, geologic hazard, highway, western region, 3S西部地区公路地质灾害监测方法周海辉, 刘佑荣, 周丽珍, 康涛 (湖北武汉中国地质大学430074)摘要: 地质灾害监测技术是研究地质灾害并对其进行预测和防治的重要手段。研究制定了地质灾害的监测技术路线,并对崩塌、滑坡和泥石流的不同特点采取针对性的实施方案。重点针对我国西部地质灾害的特点,对公路建设的影响和危害,拟定具体的监测方法。其监测成果将为西部地区公路设计建设提供可靠的信息和预报,有助于进行地质灾害监测的示范研究。（十）Numerical simulation of effectiveness of anti-slide piles construction for landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir area under water-level fluctuation Abstract: Anti-slide pile is widely used in landslide improvement in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. How about the effectiveness of the anti-slide piles construction， and if it can ensure the landslide stability under the long period reservoir level fluctuation， which is one of the important subjects to be studied urgently. Taking Baishuigou landslide, which is the sub-landslide（次级滑坡）of Tianjiaping paleo-landslide（古滑坡） located in the new Badong County, as an example, based on the engineering geological investigation results and anti-slide pile design data, the 2D finite element model was developed and the rational calculation parameters of the rock and soil and pile were chosen. According to the simulation scheme, with ANSYS software, with pile and without pile, the landslide stability under water level fluctuation, considering gravity only and gravity and storm, was simulated and analyzed separately. Based on them, we analyzed the effects of anti-slide pile under water level fluctuation and storm. The results show that: the deformation and failure mechanism of Baishuigou landslide is a pull-type. The landslide stability under storm and water level drawdown from 175m to 145m decreases; during the period water level fluctuation, the landslide stability gradually decreases further to failure. the piles, designed under water level drawdown considering the storm, is effective under storm and water level drawdown form 175m to 145m; after a long term period water level fluctuation, the deformation has apparently gradually further increase; the landslide stability decrease further. Even though the anti-slide pile has anti-slide effectiveness, the anti-slide effectiveness is gradually decreased. Hence, we should consider the effect of the period water level fluctuation when we design anti-slide pile. Key words: anti-slide pile; water level period fluctuation; effectiveness of anti-slide; finite element method三峡水库水位波动条件下滑坡抗滑工程效果的数值研究抗滑桩是三峡库区滑坡治理工程中常用的措施，在三峡水库长期的周期性水位波动条件下，抗滑桩工程效果如何，即是否能够保证滑坡的整体稳定，是目前迫切需要研究的重要课题。选择三峡库区巴东县新县城的谭家坪古滑坡的次级滑坡-白水沟滑坡为研究对象，在分析工程地质条件和设计资料的基础上，建立二维有限元计算模型，选择合理的岩土力学参数和桩计算参数；利用ANSYS 软件，依据不同的模拟方案，分别模拟分析了滑坡在仅考虑自重、自重加暴雨在水位变化条件下的变形和稳定性状况以及抗滑桩的工程效果，即滑坡在设桩条件下的变形和稳定情况。结果表明：白水沟滑坡变形破坏机理为牵引式。在暴雨和水位下降条件下，滑坡稳定性降低；周期性水位变化后，滑坡稳定性逐步下降，最终失稳；依据自重和暴雨工况，考虑175 m 降至145 m 水位进行的抗滑桩设计，起到了明显的抗滑效果。周期性水位波动后，滑坡变形破坏逐步加剧，说明抗滑桩虽然起到了的抗滑作用，但阻滑效果逐步下降。因此，在滑坡抗滑工程设计时应考虑该因素的影响，适当提高安全储备。（十一）Leakage condition analysis for reservoir of Huizhou Pumped Storage Power Station Abstract: Based on a thorough investigation of the engineering geological condition for the reservoir region of the Huizhou Pumped Storage Power Station, the in-situ trial pit water injection test, boring water injection test, and water pressure test were performed to study the permeability of rock and soil mass. The result shows that the leakage from the upper and lower reservoirs might occur, and that water leakage from the upper reservoir is more serious. Water leakage from the reservoirs mainly follows the passage, which is formed by connection of the fracture structure outward extending with the strongly weathered zone. It is suggested that the impervious wall combined with curtain grouting should be taken as the main vertical impervious body for seepage control, and that the full use of slope wash and fully weathered zone as horizontal impervious blanket should be taken to reduce work load for seepage control.Key words: reservoir leakage; permeability coefficient; rate of permeability; measure for seepage control; Huizhou Pumped Storage Power Station惠州抽水蓄能电站水库渗漏条件分析在对惠州抽水蓄能电站库区工程地质条件进行详细调查的基础上,采用现场试坑注水和钻孔注水、压水试验等方法了解岩土体的透水性。分析表明上、下水库均存在库水外渗条件,且上水库渗漏问题比较突出。库水外渗主要沿通往库外的断裂构造与强风化带连通形成的渗漏通道渗漏。建议采取截渗墙结合帷幕灌浆作垂直防渗体为主的防渗控制措施,同时充分利用坡积土和全风化带作为水平防渗铺盖以减少防渗处理工作量。（十二）Mechanism of karst collapse in Shiliquan area in Zaozhuang CityShiliquan area is one of the main occurring places of karst collapse. Others research results showed that the mechanism of karst collapse in this area were latent corrosion of underground water, inhaling corrosion of vacuum, gravity load. With comprehensive methods, this paper carried out preliminary research. The results indicated that the mechanism of karst collapses is mainly of inhaling corrosion of vacuum, latent corrosion and natural gravity load are the secondary reasons.Karst collapse; latent corrosion of underground water; inhaling corrosion of vacuum;枣庄市十里泉岩溶塌陷机理分析枣庄市十里泉地区为全国岩溶塌陷地质灾害的主要发生地区。已有文献资料表明,该地区岩溶塌陷是地下水潜蚀、真空吸蚀、重力荷载等多方面综合作用的结果。本文在此基础上,通过野外地质调查、现场采样和室内试验等手段进行研究,结果表明:枣庄十里泉地区岩溶塌陷发生的机理主要是真空吸蚀，潜蚀作用、重力和荷载因素是次要原因。（十三）Test and Study on Permeability of Clay Concrete of Mijiazhai ReservoirBy means of selecting good quality clay, the performance of clay concrete can be improved further, and the anti-permeability and strength character can be raised. This paper indicates that the content of clay grains in clay soil can form the main influence on the permeability of clay concrete. Under the same condition of mix proportion of concrete, the performance can be improved evidently by the higher content of clay grains, and the permeability coefficient, the elastic modulus is decreased, and the strength is raise.米家寨水库黏土混凝土渗透性能的试验研究选用优质黏土可使黏土混凝土的抗渗性能和强度特性等得到进一步改善,其中粘土黏粒含量对黏土混凝土的抗渗性能等方面影响较大,同样配合比的条件下,较高黏粒含量的黏土能使混凝土各项性能有更明显的改善,包括渗透系数降低、弹性模量降低、强度提高等。（十四）Analysis to the Inductive Factors of Foundation Pit Piping Erosion and Seepage Control Abstract：Piping erosion is one of the important factors that can cause soil collapse and structure failure. In respect to the special features of foundation pit seepage problem, this paper discusses the inductive factors of pit piping erosion. Taking into consideration some classical examples, it uses the finite factor method to analyze the piping erosion process and the great damage that it brings to seepage field. Besides, it clarifies the significance and key issues of seepage control. As is pointed out hereafter, it is of vital importance to improve the form of seepage field in seepage control.基坑管涌诱发原因及渗流控制基坑渗流诱发坑后土体管涌破坏是引起基坑工程事故的一个重要因素。针对基坑渗流问题的特殊性,探讨了基坑管涌的诱发原因。结合基坑工程典型工况，采用有限元方法分析了管涌发生和发展过程所引起渗流场显著变化及其对稳定和变形可能产生的危害性。阐述了进行渗流控制研究的重要意义,讨论了渗流控制的关键问题,指出改善渗流场形态是进行渗流控制的重要方面。（十五）The application of a visual-method in the stability-analysis of the landslidesThis article applies a visual method in the computation, and this method integrates the stability-analysis, surplus-pushes-method, Sarma-method and the parameter-instead-calculated. Some parts of the modules were used in the Luokan road DK282 landslide, and it provides a reliable basis for the landslide government.滑坡稳定性分析评价的可视化实现及其应用通过可视化编程,详细介绍了模块中的稳定性分析、剩余推力法、Sarma法及求解的计算依据，并对洛湛路DK282滑坡进行了稳定性分析和评价，为滑坡的治理提供了可靠的依据。（十六）Debris Flow Hazard Zonation Based on Catchment unitAbstract: The selection of evaluating unit is very important during the debris flow assessment. There are many kinds of units used in debris flow hazard zonation, such as grid unit, slope unit, unique condition unit, and district unit etc. Author regards that grid unit and district unit, which were used widely in assessment of debris flow in china; dont reflect the geographical and spatial characters of debris flow. So this article proposes to assess debris flow based on catchment unit. This research provides the method to get catchments use digital elevation model data by computer automatically. On the other hand, we took Xiuyan County in Liaoning province as target region, where occurred a lot of debris flow in 1982, 1987and 1989, and divide the region into 1024 catchment units. Comparing with the position of debris flows, there is almost one debris flow in one catchment and this condition shows that the division of catchment unit is suitable to the assessment of debris flow. Based on the catchment units, the work of debris flow hazard zonation was done by the artificial neural network. As the result, the catchment unit has an explicit topographical and geological meaning of debris flow; based on catchment units the computing of evaluating factors is simple and correct. According to our verification, the hazard mapping based on catchment units accords with the distribution of debris flow in field and is helpful for planning to reduce the damage by government.基于流域单元的泥石流区域危险性评价进行泥石流区域危险性评价时,首先要选取合适的单元作为评价单元。在前人的研究成果中已有多种评价单元,如栅格单元、斜坡单元、单一条件单元、行政区划单元等。作者认为国内评价工作中常采用的栅格单元、行政区划单元都没有体现泥石流发生特定的地貌条件和空间特性,故提出以流域为评价单元的思路。根据水文学D8方法,介绍了在计算机协助下基于DEM数据自动完成流域单元划分的方法,并以辽宁省鞍山市岫岩满族自治县作为实例,将全区划分为1 024个流域单元。将流域划分结果与历史灾害点位置相对比,每个流域内基本上只包含一个灾害点,该情况说明流域划分精度满足研究工作需要。在此基础上利用人工神经网络进行泥石流区域危险性评价。结果显示,以流域作为评价单元能充分体现泥石流发生的地貌特征和物理机制,利于评价指标取值,而且危险性结果与实际情况吻合较好,可为政府部门制定减灾防灾决策提供参考。 （十七）The K427+500K428+250 section of the Xiangfan-Shiyan highway encountered the Hanjiaya landslide, which caused great effects on the highway construction and operation. The basic engineering geology of this landslide is described in this paper, and the formation mechanism is also analyzed. At last, the qualitative appraisal is cond