江涛英语：2009年12月大学英语四级预测试卷.docx

Part Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic College Graduates Work as Village Officials. You should write at least 150 words according to the outline given below in Chinese:1. 你是否认为大学生当村官是个好主意2. 大学生能给乡村提供些什么3. 大学生能从村官职位中获得什么注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。Part Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.How Infectious Diseases WorkThe human body is both surrounded and inhabited by billions of microorganisms. Most microorganisms are harmless or even beneficial; for example, bacteria that normally live in the digestive system help digest food. Occasionally, however, a microorganism capable of causing a disease invades the body. Diseases caused by such microorganisms are called infectious diseases.Infectious diseases are contagious; that is, they can be passed from one person to another. They can be transmitted by skin contact, through body fluids, in contaminated food or drink, or via airborne particles containing the microorganisms, although the pathways and ease of transmission vary by disease.Animal or insect bites are another means of transmission. The two most common types of infectious diseases are bacterial infections and viral infections.Disease-causing, or pathogenic, bacteria either attack the bodys tissues directly or cause damage by secreting poisonous substances called toxins. Fortunately, bacterial infections are often curable. Certain bacteria can be killed by drugs; other bacterial diseases can be prevented by vaccination.Viruses are the smallest known microorganisms. They are responsible for diseases as relatively harmless as the common cold and as serious as meningitis. Viruses live and reproduce only within living cells, and only certain cells are susceptible to a specific virus. You can be host to many viruses without suffering any adverse effects, but if enough cells are attacked, you will become sick.There is no effective medical treatment for most viral infections. Because a virus lives inside a cell, any treatment designed to kill the virus is also likely to harm the cell. In addition, there are thousands of different viruseseach one with different propertiesand an agent effective against one virus probably will not affect the others. Although there are vaccinations to protect against some viral diseases, therapy for most viral diseases is limited to treating the symptoms.In this article, well focus on the many facets of infectious diseases, starting with how the body defends against them.The Bodys DefensesDespite the prevalence of disease-causing microorganisms, the body is not defenseless against these invaders. The body fights infections in three ways: by preventing the organisms from entering the body, by attacking those that do manage to enter, and by inactivating those organisms it cannot kill. Sometimes, too, the body fights disease by developing defensive symptoms. Fever is an example. During an illness, the bodys temperature regulator may respond to the illness by raising the bodys temperature. Some researchers believe that this is an effective response because the microorganisms causing the disease may not be able to survive the higher body temperature.The skin is the first barrier that guards the underlying tissues of the body. Where there are natural openings in the skin, there are also defenses. For example, tear glands in the eyes secrete and bathe the eyes with fluid that contains bacteria-fighting components. The salivary glands in the mouth and the tonsils in the throat help prevent microorganisms from attacking the mouth and throat.Many openings, as well as internal passages, in the body are lined with mucous membranes. These delicate layers produce mucus, a slippery secretion that moistens and protects by repelling or trapping microorganisms. Internally, certain body organs fight infection. For instance, the liver and the spleen (a large glandlike organ located in the abdomen) filter out harmful substances from the blood flowing through them. The lining of the stomach produces acids that attack germs in food that has been eaten. The bodys lymph system manufactures white blood cells, which attack and kill invading organisms.Now lets get even more specific in our look at the bodys defenses. Well start by describing the lymph system.The Lymph SystemThe lymph system is a network of vessels that carry lymph, a watery fluid containing white blood cells, throughout the body. Lymph drains from the blood vessels and body tissues, carrying away waste products. The waste products are filtered out of the lymph by small structures called lymph nodes. Within the lymph nodes, harmful microorganisms are trapped, attacked, and destroyed by white blood cells. This is one of the bodys primary and most efficient lines of defense.Antibodies are manufactured in the lymph system. Antibodies are protective substances that the body produces in response to invasion by a hostile organism or the presence of a foreign substance. Antibodies counteract some invading bacteria and viruses by inactivating them so that they are powerless. Antibodies that neutralize toxins (poisons) produced by bacteria are called antitoxins.The bodys production of white blood cells and antibodies in response to an invading organism is called the immune reaction. Immunity is the bodys ability to resist an invasion of disease-causing bacteria and viruses. Once antibodies have been made to fight a certain type of microorganism, that microorganism usually no longer poses a threat to the body. That is why one attack of a disease often prevents its recurrence down the road. The first attack causes antibodies to be produced, and these antibodies protect the system against future attacks.There are ways to help the bodys own defenses work. One is immunization, something all of us have experience with. ImmunizationImmunity can be provided artificially by vaccination and other forms of immunization. A vaccine is a preparation containing the offending organismusually in a weakened form that will not cause the actual disease. When introduced into the body, the vaccine stimulates the body to produce antibodies against the disease. These antibodies often remain in the system for life, and the body is thus prepared to resist the actual disease.A number of viral diseases can be prevented by immunization. There are vaccines for polio, measles, rubella (German measles), mumps, some strains of influenza, and chicken pox. A vaccine against the organism Hemophilus influenzae also is available. This vaccine prevents the most common cause of bacterial meningitis in children.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。1. According to the passage, most microorganisms in human body are _.A) beneficialB) harmless or even beneficialC) harmlessD) harmful2. Infectious diseases cannot be transmitted _.A) by skin contactB) in contaminated foodC) by insect bitesD) through common fluid3. Some bacterial diseases can be cured by _.A) drugsB) vaccinationC) toxinsD) viruses4. Viruses live and reproduce _.A) in microorganismsB) only within living cellsC) only in living microorganismsD) in cells5. For most _, there is no effective medical treatment.A) infectionsB) bacterial infectionsC) viral infectionsD) infectious diseases6. How many ways are mentioned in the passage as to how the body fights infections?A) 2B) 3C) 4D) 57. The _ is the first barrier of the bodys defenses.A) salivary glandB) tear glandC) liverD) skin8. The lymph system is _ that carry lymph, a watery fluid containing white blood cells, throughout the body.9. The immune reaction means the bodys production of white blood cells and antibodies in response to _.10. If antibodies have been made to fight a certain type of microorganism, they can protect the system_. Part Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。11A) The jobs have already been filled.B) The man should hand in his application very soon.C) The man can start work today.D) The man isnt qualified for any of the jobs.12A) She hasnt worn the dress for a long time. B) She doesnt like the dress very much. C) She intends to give the dress to her sister.D) She doesnt remember where her sister bought the dress.13A) She was open and frank.B) She was not willing to say much.C) Something was wrong with her lips.D) She totally refused to talk to the man.14A) The situation is not Leons fault.B) Neither Leon nor James is telling the truth.C) The right and wrongs of this issue must involve deeper investigation.D) Someone must be lying in this incident.15A) He missed the game.B) He would have watched the game.C) He liked the game very much and watched it.D) Watching a film is the last thing for him to do.16A) Check to see if it can still be fixed for free.B) Check to see what the problem is.C) Find where they have put the warranty.D) See if Mike is available.17A) Eat a bigger breakfast.B) Make time for lunch in her schedule.C) Take only morning classes next semester.D) Change her schedule after she eats lunch.18A) She can find a way out.B) What the man said is logical.C) What the man said is illogical.D) She agrees to what the man said.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19A) To find out if he has a flu.B) To ask for suggestions about life on tour.C) To find out how to prevent illness.D) To find our when to be injected.20A) He gets ill almost at the same time every year.B) He doesnt get enough exercise.C) He often has difficulty sleeping.D) He is sick with influenza all winters.21A) Hes unwilling to be immunized.B) He doesnt get enough rest.C) He doesnt take enough nutrition.D) He doesnt keep himself warm.22A) Physical examination is given free there.B) He can get an influenza vaccination there.C) Hell be able to get a prescription for medicine there.D) He can relax himself entirely there.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23A) Australia.B) The U.S.C) Africa.D) Fantasy world.24A) Tame.B) Hyperactive.C) Aggressive.D) Timid.25A) In water.B) In a cage.C) In a garden.D) In sand.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26A) The bachelors degree.B) The associate degree.C) The masters degree.D) The doctors degree.27A) A technical associate degree.B) A degree which is designed for transfer.C) A bachelors degree.D) One which ends; that is, the last degree one can ever hope to attain.28A) 120 quarter hours.B) 95 quarter hours.C) 120 semester hours.D) 72 semester hours.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29A) They were able to fly it in the air.B) They were able to stay up in the air for half an hour and more in the machine.C) They were able to carry travelers.D) They were able to fly in around Dayton.30A) Nothing.B) A lot.C) Hardly anything.D) A little.31A) The newspapermen didnt believe what people told them about the flights.B) The Government didnt give the Rights any money.C) The Government didnt know the Rights had already built up an airplane.D) At the time it seemed no one could understand them.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32A) There were only grandparents and children.B) There was one father, one mother, and their children.C) There were many relatives.D) There were two or more brothers with their wives.33A) The women have more freedom and can share in decisions.B) The women do not have to be the heads of the family.C) The womens relatives do not help them with the housework and children.D) The women have all the power of the family.34A) Husbands have to share power with their wives and help them with the housework.B) Older women do not often have important positions in a large group and often live alone when their husbands die.C) Family structure is more patriarchal in the nuclear family.D) Women have to help sisters, grandparents with housework and children.35A) They want to stay home and do the housework.B) They dont have enough money.C) They have too much work and not much free time.D) They have more freedom than in the past.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。The advantages and disadvantages of a large population have long been a subject of discussion among economists. It has been argued that the supply of good land is limited. To feed a large population, inferior land must be (36) _ and the good land worked (37) _. Thus, each person produces less and this means a (38) _ average income than could be obtained with a smaller population. Other economists have argued that a large population gives more (39) _ for specialization and the development of (40) _ such as ports, roads and railways, which are not likely to be built unless there is a big demand to (41) _ them. One of the difficulties in carrying out a (42) _ birth control program lies in the fact that official attitudes to population growth (43) _ from country to country depending on the level of industrial development and the availability of food and raw materials. In the developing country where a vastly expanded population is pressing hard upon the limits of food, space and natural resources, (44)_, whatever the consequences may be. In a highly industrialized society the problem may be more complex. (45) _. When the pressure of population on housing declines, prices also decline and the building industry is weakened. Faced with considerations such as these, (46)_, rather than one which is stable or in decline. Part Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.In America, as every school student knows, the important raw materials of industry are coal, oil and iron. But, as every businessman knows, the most important raw material of all is the school student who, as a trained college graduate, will 47 the U.S. industry of the future. Today U.S. industry is faced with a tight shrinkage of such manpower, it needs not only more but better trained college graduates.To help get them, many a businessman believes, that 48 must provide much of the cash needed by the colleges to 49 their facilities and improve their teaching, and work more closely with 50 on businesss needs. As Robert R. Young pointed out at a conference of businessmen and educators, industry and education have a clear mutuality of interest.Businessmen and educators have not always 51 this. While there are a few businessmen who 52 regard college professors as vague-minded and likely to be radicals, and a few educator who still look on businessmen as merely money grabbers, the mutual 53 has generally disappeared into the mutual need. The 54 expanding U.S. economy has made college graduates more important than 55 to industry. In turn, universities must depend increasingly on corporations for contributions, since high taxes have all but cut 56 the flow of the big individual contributions that build the private school.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A. run I. rapid B. recognized J. ever C. spend K. off D. cooperations L.