初二英语下册重点知识整理.doc

初二英语下册重点知识整理 重点词组(Key Phrases) 1. have a great time 玩得高兴2. take away 运走，取走3. all the time 一直，始终4. make a living 谋生5. in order to 为了6. have a party 举行聚会7. go to college 上大学8. be famous for 因而著称9. make money 挣钱10. in fact 事实上11. laugh at 嘲笑12. too much 太多13. get exercise 锻炼14. travel around the world 周游世界15. work hard 努力工作16. wear jeans 穿牛仔裤17. let in 允许进入，嵌入18. get an education 获得教育交际用语What did you do over the weekend? I cleaned my room. How was your weekend? It was great. How did you spend your weekend? Well, on Sunday morning I played tennis.重点难点释义(Language Points)consequence n.结果；后果consider the consequences 考虑后果jeans n.牛仔裤Lots of students wear jeans nowadays. 现在很多学生穿牛仔裤。organize v.组织；安排Jane organized the party. She asked people to come and bought the food and drinks. 简组织了这个聚会。她请大家参加，并买了食品和饮料。remind v.提醒；使想起Remind me to write to Mother. 提醒我给妈妈写信。This reminds me of last year. 这使我想起去年的事。charity n.慈善；慈善团体The Red Cross is an international charity.红十字会是个国际性的慈善机构。event n.事件：重要事件The new book was the cultural event of the year.这本新书的出版是今年文化界的大事。folk n.人们；亲属；家人（复数）The old folk sat and talked. 老人坐下来说话。Id like you to meet my folks.我想请你来见见我的家人。visit n.拜访；访问She paid us a visit. 她拜访了我们。agent n.代理人；代理商My agent has power to sign my name. 我的代理人有权代我签字。make money赚钱He began to make money when he was young. 他年轻时就开始赚钱。travel v.旅行；游历They travel to the nearest town on Saturdays for shopping or on Sundays for church.他们在星期六到最近的镇上去购物,星期日去教堂。hard adv.努力地Every student in my class studies hard.我们班每个人都努力学习。player n.运动者Who is your favorite soccer player?你最喜欢的足球运动员是谁？realize v.了解；意识到The man laughed when he realized what had happened. 当那个人意识到是怎么回事时,便笑了起来。choose v.选择；挑选She chose to study chemistry. 她选择了学化学。Whom shall we choose for our school football team leader ?我们选谁当学校足球队长?hurt v.(使)受伤； （使）疼痛My shoulders hurt. 我的两肩有点痛。Youll hurt her feelings if you forget her birthday.如果你忘了她的生日,那会伤她感情的。champion n.冠军He was the boxing champion of the world.他曾经是世界拳击冠军。living v.生计He makes a living as a driver.他以开汽车谋生。all the time一直；总是He is late for class all the time.他总是上课迟到。everywhere adv.到处I looked for my pen everywhere, but I didnt find it. 我到处找钢笔，却没有找到。model n.模范This student is a model of diligence. 这学生是勤勉的模范。look up to尊敬 Everyone looks up to him in my school.学校里每个人都尊敬他。able adj.能够be able to 有能力做某事Hes able to finish the job by himself.他能胜任这份工作。lawyer n.律师He wants to be a lawyer when he grows up.长大后，他想当律师。重点句1. I want to remind you of the rules for the school party.关于学校晚会，有几个规定要提醒你们。remind vt. 提醒, 使想起e.g.Please remind me again nearer to the time of the interview.到快面试时请再提醒我一下。Please remind me that I must call her up before nine.请提醒我九点前给她打个电话。This reminds me of last year. 这使我想起去年的事。The film reminded him of what he had seen in China.这部影片使他回想起在中国所看到的一切。2.Dont wear jeans. If you wear jeans, we wont let you in.不要穿牛仔裤。如果谁穿了，那就不要进去。if引导的条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。Example from End of Year PartyIf you do, the teachers will take it away.If you do, the teachers will ask them to leave.If you do, the teachers will call your parents.If you do, youll have to leave.3.There are some who realize their chosen sport can be very dangerous, and that they can be hurt very badly.有些运动员认识到，他们选择的运动可能非常危险，也可能会因此而受重伤。斜体部分是 who 由引导的定语从句。realize vt. 认识到, 了解e.g.He realized his mistakes. 他认识到了自己的错误。She realized her intention of becoming an actress. 她实现了当演员的愿望。4. If they become famous, people will watch them all the time and follow them everywhere.如果这些职业运动员出名了，人们会一直关注他们，并且会到处追随他们。all the time 总是；一直follow v. 跟随, 追随, 理解, 遵循Spring follows winter. 冬去春来。You speak so quickly that I cant follow you. 你说得如此快，以至于我跟不上你。5. You can become a model for young people who will look up to you .你会成为年轻人的榜样，他们会尊敬你。和 look 相关的短语：1) look after 照料My friend looked after my cat while I was on holiday. 在我去度假的时候，我的朋友照料我的猫。2)look down on/upon 轻视，看不起Remember: never look down on anyone. 记住：任何人都值得尊敬。3) look forward to 盼望；期待 (后加动词-ing形式)We are all looking forward to our holiday. 我们都盼望着假期。Im looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation.我盼望今年暑假见到你。4) look out 注意Look out, theres a car coming. 留神，汽车过来了。Look out! There is danger ahead. 当心!前面危险。5) look up 查字典When you do not understand a word, you can look it up in this dictionary. 当你不懂一个单词时，可以查这本词典。6) Look before you leap. 谚三思而后行。6. Many famous athletes give their money to schools and charities, and do a lot of work to help people who are not as lucky as themselves.许多有名的运动员给学校和慈善机构捐钱，还做一些工作来帮助人们，那些人不像他们那么幸运。语法知识1) if条件句 if条件句：条件句用于陈述语气，表示假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是“如果”的意思。构成 条件从句 主句时态 If一般现在时 主语shall/will+动词原形例句 If he comes, he will take us to the zoo.2) 用法：(1)条件状语从句通常由连词if引导，意为“如果、假如”，主句不能用be going to表示将来，而应该用shall，will。 If you leave now, you are never going to regret it. (错误) If you leave now, you will never regret it. (正确)(2)if “如果”，引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时，如： If it rains tomorrow, I shant climb the hills.另外，主句是祈使句或含有情态动词，从句也用一般现在时。如：Please call me if he comes next Sunday.Can you call the policeman if you are in the trouble. 注意宾语从句中的if与条件状语从句if的区别。宾语从句中的if“是否”相当于 whether，引导宾语从句，时态需根据语境确定。如果主句用一般现在时，从句可以根据具体情况选用时态，如果主句用一般过去时，从句必须用过去式的某种形式。 I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. 我不知道明天是否会下雨。Our teacher said there was going to be a football match the next month.我们说下月将有场足球比赛。现在进行时表示将来的时间1. 用be doing 表示将来：主要意义是表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，常用于位置转移的动词，如：go，come，leave，arrive等， 也可用于其他动作动词，如：We are having fish for dinner. 我们晚饭吃鱼。We are moving to a different hotel the day after tomorrow. 后天我们会去另外一个旅馆。这种用法通常带有表示将来的时间状语，如果不带时间状语，则根据上下文可表示最近即将发生的动作。A: Where are you going?B: I am going for a walk. Are you coming with me?A: Yes, I am just coming. Wait for me.2. 现在进行时表示将来和用be going to 表示将来意思比较接近，但有区别：（1）、根据已有迹象表明将要发生某事时，用Be going to + v，而不用一般将来时。如：Look at the clouds. There is going to rain. （2）、表示客观将要发生与主观愿望和判断无关时，用一般将来时。如： It will be Sunday tomorrow. He will be 15 next year.in(Russian)style具有俄国风格inpublicplaces在公共场合makesbdosth使某人干makealiving(doingsth)谋生makemoney赚钱makefriendswith与交友morethan多于needtodosth需要干notanymore不再notuntil直到为止notatall一点也不on(mytenth)birthday在（我十岁）生日onthephone在通话ontheone/otherhand在一（另）方面openup打开putout熄灭pickup捡起pass(sth)on(tosb)传递payfor付款part-timejob兼职工作runoutof用尽runaway逃跑ratherthan胜于rightaway立刻，马上spendon/(in)doingsth花费seemtodosth好象干sleeplate睡懒觉seesbdo/doingsth看某人做/在做start/begintodo/doingsth开始干某事adj.(special)enough够（特别Ittakesbsometimetodosth.花费某人时间干某事thesameas与相同try(not)todosth尽力（不）干threequarters四分之三turnon/off打开/关掉turnup/down开大/关小talkto/with与谈话takecareof照顾cometrue实现，达到com