英语中的各种从句(荐).doc

1宾语从句宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，介词的宾语，某些形容词的宾语以及非谓语动词的宾语。及物动词后的宾语从句：She will give whoever needs help a warm support任何需要帮助的人I wonder why she refused my invitation她为什么拒绝了我的邀请介词后的宾语从句：I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.我总是在思考如何提高我的口语水平。The teacher is satisfied with what she has said. 老师对他所说的话很满意。某些形容词后的宾语从句：I am sure that you will make greater progress in English through hard work.通过努力工作，你将取得更大的进步We are surprised that he has left without saying goodbye to us.他没有告别就走了I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake.注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等4. it 可以作为形式宾语it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如：We heard it that she would get married next month.2表语从句(1)引导表语从句表原因，只能用because，不可用as，since：This is because he loves arts.这是因为他热爱艺术。(2)主句主语是reason时，表语从句引导词用that，不用because：The reason why he was late was that he missed the first bus.他迟到的原因是没赶上头班车。3同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语。一般位于该词(如news，fact，idea，suggestion，promise，information，order，hope，truth，question等)之后，说明其具体内容。I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。(when he will be back作名词idea的同位语)名词性从句的难点1 that的省略问题连接词that 不能省略的情况:1) and连接两个宾语从句,that 引导的宾语从句放在and后时不能省略.2)that 引导的宾语从句作介词but/except的宾语时.3)that 引导主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句以及that 引导的从句放在句首时.4)主句谓语动词与that从句中有插入语时.除了他来自南方之外,我们对他一无所知.We know nothing about him except that he is from the south.他病倒了使我们很担心.That he had fallen ill made us worried.（1）He said (that) he couldnt tell you right away and that you wouldnt understand.（2）He said (that) he couldnt tell you right away and you wouldnt understand.（1）Just then I noticed, for the first time, our master was wearing his fine green coat.（2）Just then I noticed, for the first time, that ourmaster was wearing his fine green coat.2 what 与that 在引导名词性从句时的区别what 引导名词性从句时在从句中1）充当句子成分（主、宾、表）；2）本身有词义。that1）只起连接作用；2）本身没有词义；3）不在从句中担任成分。1) _ you said yesterday is right.2) _ she is still alive is a puzzle.3.引导词if和whether的区别whether与if均为“是否”的意思。但在下列情况下，whether不能被if所取代(1)引导主语从句(包括从句在句首的位置)应当用whether，不用if，如：Whether our team will win remains a problem.Whether he will come, I am not sure.(2)引导表语从句用whether，不用if，如：The question is whether you have enough money now(3) 引导同位语从句用whether，不用if，如：The news whether they will attend the party is not known yet.(4)whether可以直接和动词不定式连用，而if则不能，如：I didnt know whether to wait or to leave.Mike hasnt decided whether to make a telephone call or not.(5) whether可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而if则不能，如：Im not interested in whether theyll come or not.It depends on whether we have got enough time.注意：宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。e.g. I wonder if it doesnt rain.用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。Please let me know if you want to go.Please let me know whether you want to go.请通知我你是否想来。（5）discuss+ whether从句Imagine you are in the situation，and discuss_you should do something at once.A that B whatC if Dwhether4.同位语从句与定语从句的区别同位语从句用于解释前面名词的内容，从句本身是一个非常完整的句子，所以其前的名词在同位语从句中不作任何成分；定语从句对其前的名词加以限制和修饰，从句本身不够完整，因此其前的名词在定语从句中通常作主语、宾语或表语等成分。The suggestion (that) he raised at the meeting is very good.(that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略)The suggestion that the students (should) have plenty of exercise is very good.(that引导同位语从句，在从句中不做成份，不可省略)I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich.The mother made a promise that pleased all her children.5.名词性从句的语序名词性从句一律用陈述语序。No one can be sure _ in a million years.A. what man will look like B. what will man look likeC. man will look like what D. what look will man like6名词性从句中的语气1）在含有 suggest ,order , demand , propose , command , request , insist, desire, require, advise 等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，that从句常用“should+ 动词原形”的结构I suggest we (should) set off at once. 我建议我们应该立刻出发。The doctor ordered she (should )be operated on.2）在表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词，后接表语从句或同位语从句中时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气：“should动词原形”，should可以省略。这类名词有：advice，agreement，command，decision，demand, determination，order，proposal，request，requirement等The suggestion that the mayor (should) present the prizes was accepted by everyoneThis is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.My advice is that we (should) do our homework first.7 否定转移问题。将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等动词后面跟宾语从句时否定转移I dont think I know you.我想我并不认识你。 I don t believe he will come.我相信他不回来。We dont expect he will come tonight , will he ? 注意：若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。I hope you werent ill. 我想你没有生病吧。 判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：1. China is no longer what it used to be.2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6. The news that yo