分词要点归纳.doc

分词练习一、 分词的形式一般式完成式现在分词过去分词二、 分词的作用分词相当于_词、_词。1. 分词作表语（1）一些表示情感、情绪的动词，常用分词作表语。解释下列单词含义：surprisesurprisingsurprisedexciteexcitingexcitedastonishastonishingastonishedshockshockingshockedscarescaringscareddisappointdisappointingdisappointedmovemovingmovedpuzzlepuzzlingpuzzledfrightenfrighteningfrightenedinspireinspiringinspired（2）分词、动名词、不定式做表语的区别，解释下列句子：表示性质、特征、状态主动：The news is encouraging.被动：The glass is broken.表示内容一贯的，抽象的：My job is writing.某次的，具体的：My task is to write an English report.2. 分词作宾语补足语表示感觉、看法的动词和使役动词后不仅需要宾语，还需要带上宾补来补充说明宾语的情况，如see, hear, listen to, look at, notice, observe, watch, think, find, feel, consider, want, keep, get, make, have, leave, let, send, catch, etc. 注意用不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾补的区别。根据括号内中文含义选择正确的动词形式：to sing, singing, sing, sungWe heard her _ next door. （我们听到她在隔壁唱歌。）We often heard her _ next door. （我们常常听到她在隔壁唱歌。）We heard the song _ by her next door. （我们曾听到过这首歌在隔壁被她唱过。）She is often heard _ next door by us. （她常常被我们听到在隔壁唱歌。）填空练习：1 I used to see these boys _ (play) on the playground.2 The boy was last seen _ (play) on the bank of the river.3 Have you _ (heard) this song _ (sing) before?4 She was surprised to find the house _ (break) into when she went back home.5 Unfortunately, he got his wallet _ (steal) on the bus.6 We are interested in hearing him _ (tell) us the news.7 He wont have us _ (criticize) him.8 Its a bad habit to leave the work _ (undo).9 Yesterday I caught him _ (take) my dictionary when I went into the classroom.10 He found his hometown _ (change).3.分词作定语单个的分词作定语，通常置于被修饰的名词前；而分词短语则放在名词后面。如：They made efforts to bring stolen cultural relics back to China.I want to write about people addicted to drugs.分词作前置定语。解释下列词组：an amusing storyan amused lookthe falling leavesthe fallen leavesthe developing countrythe developed countrythe rising sunthe risen sun分词作后置定语。解释下列句子：Do you know the man standing over there?Have you finished reading the book borrowed from the library?The building put up last year is our library.The building being put up now will be our new library.注意不定式作定语的区别。解释下列句子：The building to be put up next year will be our new library.完成下列句子：Yesterday mother told me an event _ (五年前发生的).The teacher criticized the student _ (打碎窗玻璃的).注意分词和动名词做定语的区别。解释下列词组：a sleeping babya sleeping pillthe flying planesthe flying timea dancing boya dancing halla running doga walking stick4.分词作状语分词可以充当时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、伴随状语。解释下列句子：Walking in the street, I met a friend of mine.He stood there, watching the sunset.Seen from space, the earth looks like a huge blue ball.Not knowing the address, he had to call me.He broke the record at the Olympics, making him world famous.Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing a delay.Having finished the work, he went home.Having been fined by the police, he drove more carefully.有时为了使状语的意思表达更清楚，可以由连词when, while, if, though, although等引导分词。解释下列句子：When heated, metal expands.Be careful while crossing the road.Though lacking money, his parents managed to send him abroad for his further study.Though wounded, the brave soldier continued to fight.If given another chance, I will succeed.比较由after, before引导的非谓语动词作状语。完成下列句子：After _ (examined), the meat can be put into the market.The concert hall was completely restored after _ (move).注意有on引导的非谓语结构。解释下列句子：On _ (see) her mother come back, the little jumped with joy.On _ (discover) the error, I went back immediately to return the extra money.填空练习：1 _ (see) those picture, he couldnt help thinking of those days in Yanan.2 _ (turn) round, Fanny found a bus driving up.3 _ (water) the vegetables, they began to pick up the apples.4 _ (finish) the work, he went back home on foot.5 _ (inspire) by Dr. Chens speech, they decided to study math harder.6 _ (persuade) by her mother, she gladly went there alone.7 Warmly _ (praise) for his work, he was too excited to fall asleep.8 _ (arrive) at the station, we found the train gone.9 _ (send) the child to bed, she began to correct the pupils exercises.10 _ (surround), the enemy found nowhere to hide and had to give up.改错练习：1 Seeing form the hill, the city looks more beautiful.2 Having had dinner, the dishes were washed.3 Leaving at home, the little girl felt much afraid.分词的独立主格结构解释下列句子：Being ill, he didnt come to school.It being Sunday, he didnt come to school.The professor walked out of the hall, followed by a group of students.The professor walked out of the hall, a group of students following him.所谓独立主格结构，是指分词作状语时的逻辑主语不是_，而是有自己特定的对象。解释下列句子：Weather permitting, well play badminton outdoors.Seeing a mouse run across the room, the girl screamed, her face filled with fear.The escaped prisoner was led in, his hands tied tight behind the back.There being no buses, we had to walk home.If all things considered, his suggestion is very important.The signal having been given, the train started.With the worker leading the way, the Young Pioneers went through the forest and started towards the mountain village.He sat there, with his eyes fixed on the roof.填空练习：1 Many people spoke aloud in front of our classroom, with nobody _ (stop) him.2 He was looking at the screen again, with the machine _ (turn) on.3 The girl felt uneasy with the whole class _ (stare) at her.4 Now the patient could walk with the nurse _ (support) him.5 With the machinery _ (do) all the work, we finished