初中连词专题.doc

英语连词用法归纳一、概说连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子，在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子，如and, but, or, for等；从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等)，引出名词性从句的连词如that, whether等，引出状语从句的连词如when, because, since, if 等。二、并列连词的用法1. 表示转折关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 but, yet 等。如：Someone borrowed my pen, but I dont remember who. 有人借了我的钢笔，但我不记得是谁了。He said he was our friend, yet he wouldnt help us. 他说他是我们的朋友，但却不肯帮助我们。 2. 表示因果关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 for, so 等。如：The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the doctor. 这孩子咳得很利害，所以他妈妈带他去看医生。You are supposed to get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to serious errors. 你们一定要克服粗枝大叶，因为粗枝大叶常常引起严重的错误。注意：for表示结果通常不能放句首，也不能单独使用。3. 表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有 and , or , eitheror , neithernor , not onlybut (also) , bothand , as well as 等。如：He didnt go and she didnt go either. 他没去，她也没去。The weather is mild today; it is neither hot nor cold. 今天天气很温暖，不冷也不热。Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。It is important for you as well as for me. 这对你和对我都很重要。People who are either under age or over age may not join the army. 年龄不到或者超龄的人都不得参军。三、从属连词的用法1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词(1) 表示“当时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的 when, while, as, whenever。如：Dont talk while youre eating. 吃饭时不要说话。Vegetables are best when they are fresh. 蔬菜新鲜时最好吃。He came just as I was leaving. 我正要走时他来了。(2) 表示“在之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before, after。如：Try to finish your work before you leave. 离开前设法把工作做完。After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass. 喝完茶之后我们将坐在草地上。(3) 表示“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since, until, till。如：Shes been playing tennis since she was eight. 她从八岁起就打网球了。Hold on until I fetch help. 坚持一下，等我找人来帮忙。Never trouble trouble till trouble troubles you. (谚)不要无事惹事。(4) 表示“一就”的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no soonerthan, hardlywhen等。如：Ill let you know as soon as I hear from her. 我一接她的信就通知你。The moment I have finished Ill give you a call. 我一干完就给你打电话。I came immediately I heard the news. 我一听到这个消息，马上就来了。Once you begin you must continue. 你一旦开始, 便不可停下来。(5) 表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次)，each time(每次)，(the) next time(下次)，any time(随时)，(the) last time(上次)，the first time(第一次)。如：Ill tell him about it (the) next time I see him. 我下一次见到他时，我就把这个情况告诉他。We lose a few skin cells every time we wash our hands. 每当我们洗手的时候，我们都要损失一些皮肤细胞。You can call me any time you want to. 你随时都可以给我打电话。注意：every time, each time, any time前不用冠词，(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略，而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略2. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词。这类连词主要有if, unless, as so long as, in case 等。如：Do you mind if I open the window?我开窗你不介意吧?Dont come unless I telephone. 除非我打电话，否则你别来。As long as youre happy，it doesnt matter what you do. 只要你高兴，你做什么都没关系。In case it rains they will stay at home. 万一下雨，他们就呆在家里。注意：在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的 if之后可能用 will，但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。如：If you will sit down for a few moments, Ill tell the manager youre here. 请稍坐, 我这就通知经理说您来了。3. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要的有 in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。如：He raised his voice so that everyone could hear. 他提高了嗓音，以便每个人都能听见。Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains. 带上雨伞，以防下雨。She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand. 她把那些指示慢慢重复了一遍好让他听明白。4. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要的有so that, sothat, suchthat等。如：I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat. 我去听演讲去得很早, 所以找个好座位。I had so many falls that I was black and blue all over. 我摔了许多跤，以致于全身都是青一块紫一块的。He shut the window with such force that the glass broke. 他关窗子用力很大, 结果玻璃震破了。5. 引导原因状语从句的从属连词。主要的有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that), considering (that) 等。如：He distrusted me because I was new. 他不信任我，因为我是新来的。As you are sorry，Ill forgive you. 既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。Since weve no money, we cant buy it. 由于我们没钱，我们无法购买它。Seeing that hes ill hes unlikely to come. 因为他病了，他大概不会来了。Now that she has apologized, I am content. 既然她已经道了歉, 我也就满意了。6. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要的有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等。如：Although they are twins, they look entirely different. 他们虽是孪生, 但是相貌却完全不同。I like her even though she can be annoying. 尽管她有时很恼人, 但我还是喜欢她。You wont move that stone, however strong you are. 不管你力气多大, 也休想搬动那块石头。Whatever we have achieved, we owe to your support. 我们取得的一切成就都归功于你们的支持。Whoever you are, you cant pass this way. 不管你是谁，你都不能从这里通过。Whenever I see him I speak to him. 每当我见到他，我都和他讲话。7. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要的有as, as if, as though, the way等。如：Why didnt you catch the last bus as I told you to? 你怎么不听我的话赶乘末班公共汽车呢?He bent the iron bar as if it had been made of rubber. 他将铁棍折弯，仿佛那是用橡皮做成的。Nobody else loves you the way(=as) I do. 没有人像我这样爱你。8. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要的有where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等。如：The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple. 这座教堂盖在一座罗马寺庙的旧址。Ill take you anywhere you like. 你想到哪儿我就带你到哪儿。Everywhere I go，I find the same thing. 不管我走到哪里，我都发现同样情况。9. 引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要的有than和asas。如：She was now happier than she had ever been. 现在她比过去任何时候都快活。I glanced at my watch. It was earlier than I thought. 我看了看表，时间比我想像的早。He doesnt work as hard as she does. 他工作不像她那样努力。10. 引起名词从句的从属连词。主要有that, whether, if 等，它们用于引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。其中that 不仅没不充当句子成分，而且没有词义，在句子中只起连接作用；而 if, whether 虽不充当句子成分，但有词义，即表示“是否”。如：He replied that he was going by train. 他回答说他将坐火车去。I wonder if its large enough. 我不知道它是否够大。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我为是否伤了她的感情而担心英语连词用法集锦：一.并列连词和连词短语并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组或从句。常见的连词有and ,but ,or ,so ,bothand , eitheror ,neithernor , not only but also 等。1. and1).and 表示 “和、且”在肯定句中连接并列的成分。 He is laughing and talking .2).祈使句+ and , “and” 表示“那么”之意。= IfStudy hard , and you will succeed .= _ _ study hard , you will succeed .3).adj / adv + and + adj /adv 表示“渐渐”。 He makes mistakes again and again .2.but 表示转折关系的连词，意为“但是” He is poor ,but honest .3.or1).or 有 “或”的意思，表示一种选择 Would you like tea or water ?2). “祈使句,or ” or 表示否则。= If not , . .Study hard , or you will fail. = _ you _study hard , you will fail .3).or 用在否定句中表示并列关系。 He cant read or write .4.both1).both “两者都”, 后面的名词、动词都用复数。 Both the answers are right .2).both of . Both of us are students .3).both and Both you and she are right .5.either/ either or1).either “两者当中任何一个”,后有of 时接名词的复数形式，无of时接单数名词，动词用单数形式。You may wear either of the hats.2).either or “不是就是,或者或者.”动词与临近的主语保持一致。即 “就近原则”. Either you or he has to go = Either he or you have to go .6.neither /neither nor1).neither “两者当中都不”,后有of 时接名词的复数形式，无of时接单数名词，动词用单数形式。Neither of the answers _(be) right .2).neither .nor “既不.也不”动词与临近的主语保持一致。即 “就近原则”.Neither you nor I am right .= Neither I nor you are right .二.从属连词从属连词是引导从句的连词。1.引导宾语从句的连词1).that 连接由陈述句转变而来的宾语从句。2).who, whom, what, which, whose, when, where, why, how连接由特殊疑问句转变而来的宾语从句。3).if/ whether 连接由一般疑问句转变而来的宾语从句。2.引导状语从句的连词1).时间状语从句：when ,before ,after, until ,as soon as (主将从现) 2).条件状语从句：if , unless3).原因状语从句：because 4).方式状语从句：than 5).结果状语从句：so that ,such that6).让步状语从句：though /although 7).目的状语从句：so that3.不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词。1).because ,so 不能同时出现在一个句子里，只用其中之一。Because in our school knew him ,so we had no trouble in finding him.2).though /although ,but不能同时出现在一个句子里，只用其中之一。但though 可以与yet，still 同时出现在一个句子中。Though Australia is very large ,but the population is quite small.4.必须用whether 的情况。1).discuss 和介词后的宾语从句用whether . We are discussing _ well hold a meeting.Im worried about _she can come to the meeting2).和不定式、or not 连用必须用whether . I dont know _ to leave or not .【中考演练】一. 单项填空 1. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _ 5 oclock _ the morning. A. on; in B. at; in C. at; on D. in; on 2. Wheres Lily? We are all here _ her. A. beside B. about C. except D. with 3. She sent her friend a postcard _ a birthday present. A. on B. as C. for D. of 4. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _ the year of 2000. A. since B. in C. on D. by 5. -What is a writing brush, do you know? -Its _ writing and drawing. A. with B. to C. for D. by 6. English is widely used _ travellers and business people all over the world. A. to B. for C. as D. by 7. _ the help of my teacher, I caught up with the other students. A. Under B. In C. With D. On 8. Hong Kong is _ the south of China, and Macao is _ the west of Hong Kong. A. in; to B. to; to C. to; in D. in; in 9. -Youd better not go out now. Its raining. -It doesnt matter. My new coat can keep _ rain. A. in B. of C. with D. off 10. Japan lies _ the east of China. A. to B. in C. about D. at 11. -Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese in 2008? -I dont think so. Now _ the young _ the old can speak some English. A. eitheror B. not only but also C. neithernor D. bothor 12. We didnt catch the train _ we left late. A. so B. because C. but D. though 13. Tom failed in the exam again _ he wanted to pass it very much. A. if B. so C. though D. as 14. I wont believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words _ I have tested him myself. A. after B. when C. if D. until 15. The book was so interesting that he had read it for three hours _ he realized it. A. when B. until C. after D. before 16. -This dress was last years style. -I think it still looks perfect _ it has gone out this year. A. so that B. even though C. as if D. ever since 17. Hurry up, _ you will miss the train. A. and B. so C. however D. or 18. The mountain was _ steep _ few people in our city reached the top. A. soas B. sothat C. asas D. tooto 19. -Do you remember our pleasant journey to Xian? -Of course. I remember everything _ it happened yesterday. A. as soon as B. even though C. rather than D. as if 20. _ you cant answer this question, we have to ask someone else for help. A. Although B. While C. Whether D. Since二. 用适当的介词填空 1. -How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt? -Im going there _ my car. 2. Mum, today is Mothers Day. Mike and I want to invite you to have dinner _ us at Zhonglou Restaurant. 3. Hangzhou is famous _ the West Lake. 4. Today some newly-produced mobile phones can