英语2010届高考词汇精选精练(一)【原创+整理+详解】.doc

本资料来自于资源最齐全的世纪教育网2010届高考英语词汇精选精练（一）【原创+整理+详解】1Experience is a great _ when youre looking for a job.A. chanceB. importanceC. assistantD. advantageDadvantage. 阅历在找工作时是一项优势（advantage）。本题易误选B。2Like it or not there is always _ of one kind or another in our daily life in this competitive society. A. pressureB. reputationC. standardD. permissionA pressure。名词辨析。不管你喜欢不喜欢，在当今竞争社会里，我们日常生活中总是存在着各种各样的压力。Pressure“压力”；reputation“名誉”；standard“标准”；permission“允许”，根据句意，A正确。3Although it is not our normal _ to give credit in our shop, this time I think we should consider the matter more closely.A. habitB. practiceC. actionD. intentionBpractice。 practice指长期形成的“做法，规则”。4A successful scientist needs _ if he wants to make hypothesis（假设）of how process works and how events take place.A. permissionB. instructionC. imaginationD. conventionC imagination想象。permission许可,允许；instruction命令，说明；convention惯例，常规。5Much _, I think, should be paid to your English study so that you can pass the examination successfully.A. influence B. heart C. approach D. attentionD. attention。 根据句子意思,此处用attention构成pay attention to短语,表示“注意”6You must try some of her home-made wine. Its quite an unforgettable _.A. entertainmentB. experienceC. adventureD. addictionB 一次难忘的经历。7Did you know what his _ to my proposal would be after the meeting?A. impression B. reaction C. comment D. opinionBreaction。 【试题立意】该题考查名词词义辨析，应注意选项之间语意的不同，根据句意正确选择。reaction 意为“对的反应”。impression与on 搭配，表示“给留下印象”。comment 与on 搭配，表示“对做出评价”。opinion on意为“对发表看法（意见）”。句意为“你知道会后他对我的建议反应如何吗？。”【教学启示】正确区分四个选项的含义，及其搭配，平时多注意近义名词的辨析。8In this factory, suggestions often have to wait for months before they are fully _.A. admitted B. acknowledged C. absorbed D. considered D. considered。 considered 考虑; admit 承认; absorb 吸收。 注意acknowledge 1) (=agree or admit the truth of; confess) 承认, 供认; A. He acknowledged his mistake. (他承认了他的错误。) B. 接动名词 He acknowledged having been beaten. (他承认被打败了。) 2) (express thanks for) 致谢; A. Mary acknowledged the gift with a pleasant letter. (玛丽致函感谢馈赠的礼物。) B. His long service with the company was acknowledged with a present. (向他赠送礼品以感谢他长期来对公司的服务。)9American women were _ the right to vote until 1920 after many years of hard struggle. A. ignored B. refused C. neglected D. deniedD. denied.deny 1)否认：A. He didnt deny the facts. B. They couldntdeny that it was a serious blow to them. C. He denied having ever there.(他否认曾到过那里。) 2)(=say no to a request; refuse to give sth. asked for or needed)不给予；Lots of people were denied the right to vote.(许多人被剥夺了选举权。)He denies his wife nothing.(他对他的妻子有求必应。)10The lost car of the Lees was found _ in the woods off the highway.A. vanished B. abandoned C. scattered D. rejectedB. abandoned。 abandoned (=give up completely) 放弃, 抛弃; 1) The scientist abandoned his research for lack of fund. 2) The sailors abandoned the burning ship.注意abandon 暗指某人对其所抛弃的人或物将会发生什么事情不感兴趣, 如把撞坏的汽车抛弃在路旁。vanish (=suddenly disappear; go out of existence) vi.消失, 绝迹; 1) The airplane vanished into the clouds.2) Many kinds of animals have vanished form the earth. (许多种类的动物以在地球上绝迹。) scatter (=send, go in different direction) 驱使, 使分散; The police scattered the crowed. (警察驱散人群。) (=throw or put in various directions) 撒, 到处放; He scattered his clothes all over the room. reject (=refuse to accept) 拒绝接受; She rejected my suggestion.11Those boys dont know much about society; thats why theyre so easily _.A. taken inB. taken upC. taken onD. taken offA 考查词组辨析。Take in“欺骗，收容，吸收”；take up“从事，继续”；take on“呈现”；take off“脱掉，起飞”，根据句意A正确。这些孩子涉世不深，这就是他们如此容易被骗/上当的原因。12On the exhibition, he _ all his collecting stamps to the visitors all over the country.A. showed off B. speeded up C. brought in D. gave outA 考查动词短语的区别。show off 意为“卖弄；出示给某人看；展示”，符合题意；speed up“加速”；bring in“带进，赚的”；give out“分发，泄露”。13At present the hotel is almost empty, but Im sure things will start to _ in the spring.A. take upB. pick upC. make upD. give up 考查动词短语。pick up意为“好转”，符合题意。take up“占据”；make up“化妆”；give up“放弃”。【知识拓宽】根据语境和动词短语的意义来回答。14She told me she wanted to _ her two oclock appointment in order to take care of her sick husband.A. put downB. call offC. hang upD. take off 考查动词短语。call off“取消”，符合题意。put down“放下”；hang up“挂断电话 ”；take off“脱下（衣服）。”【知识拓宽】要根据语境理解四选项的含义，选出正确答案。15If a peace process got under way, Saudi Arabia would _ directly in multilateral talks about regional problems.A. participateB. performC. possessD. predictA participate participate参加，参与；perform履行，表演；possess占有，拥有；predict预知，预言。 16This country has a great area of oil, _ two thirds of their export. A. making for B. counting on C. accounting for D. consisting inC account for account for占, 解决，符合句意; make for有助于，倾向于, 导致；count on依靠, 指望；consist in存在于。这个国家有大量的石油，占出口的三分之二。17I think it a good chance that some foreigners will _ some Chinese during the Beijing Olympics.A. pick outB. pick upC. give upD. give outB pick up pick up“获得，学会”；pick out“挑选”；give up“放弃”；give out“分发，用完”。18Could you please _ a really elegant solution to our problem if you dont like what I have to say?A. put up withB. come up withC. added up withD. made up forB 考查动词短语的用法。 (针对问题等)想出;提供，如：He came up with good ideas for the product promotion.他想出一个推广产品的好方法。put up with”忍受;容忍”。如：She could hardly put up with that fellow any longer.她再也不能忍受那家伙。make up for”补偿” 本题易误选A。【教学启示】牢记常用动词短语的意义和用法。19With the fresh water reducing, the United Nations is _ to all the citizens to save water.A. adaptingB. attackingC. appealingD. approachingC 考查近义动词意思掌握情况。appeal to（常与to连用）吸引；引起兴趣；唤起；adapt与“to”连用，固定短语“适应”；attack指攻击敌人或用言论攻击他人；approach to 接近, 近似, 约等于; (做某事)的方法途径。【教学启示】在平时教学中要注意近义词的区别。20After passing several cars, Fred suddenly _ too soon and nearly caused an accident.A. cut downB. cut outC. cut upD. cut inD 考查利用所提供信息判断词义的能力。cut down“减少,消减”；cut out“剪出”；cut up“切割”cut in（指车辆或司机）超车抢道。【教学启示】正确理解短语意思，根据所提供信息作出判断。21. A university is an educational institution which _ degrees and carries out research. A. rewards B. awards C. grants D. presentsB. 考查动词辨析。 awards sb. sth. 授于某人某物。如：They awarded John the first prize. (他们授于约翰一等奖。)对比：reward sb with sth. 以某物酬谢某人, 须加介词with; They rewarded the boy with $5 for bringing back the lost dog. (他们给这男孩5美元酬谢他把丢失的狗找回来。) grant (=consent to give or allow what is asked for) 同意 (给予) , 答应 (请求) ：The firm granted him a pension. (公司同意给予他退休金。) present sb. with sth. 赠送：Our class presented the school with a picture. (我们班给学校送了一幅画。) present 颁发, 呈递：1) The principal will present the diplomas. (校长将颁发文凭。) 2) We shall present a complete report to the Annual Conference. (我们将向年会递交一份全面的报告。)本题句意是：大学是授予学位和进行研究的教育机构。可见, 本题应选award.22. WhenMikewassixteenhe _ goingaroundwithastrangeset ofpeopleand stayingoutverylate. A. tooktoB. tookupC. tookforD. tookonAtookto taketo沉溺于； takeup从事于；占据（一定的空间或时间）；takefor把（某人）误认为（别人）；把.当作； takeon承担；聘用。句意：迈克十六岁时就和一群陌生人混在一起，很晚不回家。根据句意以及这个词组的意思和用法，本题答案应为A。23The Olympic Committee has drawn up strict rules for the athlete to_. A go on B go with C go without D go by D 考查词义辨析。A继续下去；B伴随；C没有也行；D依照，遵循。句意为“奥委会制定了严格的规定要运动员遵守。根据句意，选D。24. It is wrong for someone in such a high _ in the government to behave too badly in public. A. situation B. position C. employment D. professionB. position. position 此句中指“地位” (不可数, 有时加不定冠词), 如：1) She was a woman of high position. 2) a high (low) position society.25. We all knew from the very _ that the plan would fail. A. outcome B. outset C. income D. output B. outset. outset 开端, 开始, from the very outset (从一开始) 。outbreak爆发, 发生。outcome结局. income 收入。output 产量。26. He looked rather untidy as there were two buttons _ from his coat. A. loosing B. losing C. off D. missing D. missing. missing 缺少的; a book with some missing pages. (缺页书) 。27. Lawyers often make higher _ for their work than they should. A. bills B. charges C. prices D. costs B. charges.make charges for对.收 (费) ; 索 (价) 。charge也可以用作动词, 表示“收费, 索价”, 如：1) We dont charge anything for that. (对此我们不收费。) 2) How much do you charge for a haircut? (理个发要收多少钱？)28. How can we get this language point _ to the students. A. down B. round C. across D. into C. across.本题译文, 我们怎样才能把这个语言点向学生讲清楚？29. This book gives a brief _ of the history of the castle and details of the art collection in the main hall. A. outline B. reference C. article D. outlook A. outline. outline 轮廓, 概要; give an outline of sth. 概要说明某事。30. Although John was the eldest in the family, he always let his sister _ charge of the house. A. take B. hold C. make D. getA. take. take charge of (=to be or become responsible for sb. or sth.) 负责、掌管、看管; He took charge of the department (or the children) .31. The child enjoyed _ up the wooden bricks then knocking them down. A. adding B. pushing C. piling D. formingC. piling. pile up (=lay in a pile or as if in a pile) 把.放成一堆, 堆积：pile up the books on the table (把书堆在桌子上) 。Pile up作不及物动词用, 意为“积压; (若干汽车) 相撞”：1) Perishable goods are piling up at the docks. (码头上易腐烂的货物堆积如山。) 2) Several cars piled up after ignoring the fog warning on the motorway. (由于无视高速公路上的大雾警告, 有好几辆汽车相撞。)32. John was very upset because he was _ by the police with breaking the law. A. accused B. arrested C. sentenced D. charged D. charged. be charged with受指控犯有.; He was charged with murder. (他受指控犯有凶杀罪。)33. It isnt quite _ that he will be present at the meeting. A. sure B. right C. exact D. certain D. certain. I am sure that +从句。He is sure to come. = He is certain to come.但在it作形式主语, that引导主语从句时, 主句中表语只能用certain, 不能用sure.34. The members of the club wouldnt run a _ in entrusting（委托） the organization to an unreliable person. A. danger B. risk C.loose D. chanceB. risk. run a risk (in) 冒险：You are running a big risk in trusting him. 本题译文：俱乐部成员不愿冒险把这个组织委托给一个不可靠的人管理。35. My brother likes eating very much but he isnt very _ about the food he eats. A. special B. peculiar C. particular D. unusual C. particular. be particular about对.讲究, 挑剔; She is very particular about what she wears. (她对她得穿着很讲究。) Mr. Smith was quite particular about my work. (史密斯先生对工作十分挑剔。)36. Voices were _ as the argument between the two motorists became more bad-tempered. A. spoken B. raised C. developed D. increased B. raised. raise (=lift up) ones voice提高嗓门, 高声叫喊。Raise ones voice against sth. 意为“为抗议某事而大声疾呼”, 如：As no one raised his voice against the plan, it was agreed on. (因为没有人发表反对意见, 该计划就一致通过了。) voice的常用习语有：the public voice (舆论) , under ones voice (小声地) , with one voice (异口同声地,一致地) ,lose ones voice (嗓子哑了, 说不出话来) , have no voice with (对某事无发言权)。37. After the show, the crowd _ out of the theater. A. poured B. melted C. drew D. dismissed A. poured.pour 此处意为：涌出, 涌来, 如：People poured out to the rally. (人们踊跃参加群众大会。)38. Though _ in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plain facts of small-town life. A. raised B. grown C. developed D. cultivated A. raised 本句中Though raised in San Franciscos是省略的让步状语从句。Raise (=bring up) 抚养：grow种植; cultivate耕作; 培养 (友谊等) 。如cultivate后接某人, 则意为“培养与某人的感情”。如：John always tries to cultivate the people, who are useful to him professionally. (约翰一向喜欢与事业上对他有用的人来往。) 本题译文：尽管在旧金山长大, 但戴夫米切尔总是愿意把小镇生活中平凡的事情记载下来。39. Im afraid this painting is not by Picasso. Its only a copy and so its _. A. priceless B. invaluable C. unworthy D. worthless D. worthless. worthless 无价值的, 无用的。Priceless 无价的, 贵重的, 无法估价的：a priceless treasure 无价之宝。Invaluable 无法估价的, 非常宝贵的。Unworthy 不值得的, 不配的; 无价值的。40. The final _ of the play will take place on Monday. A. action B. performance C. view D. sight B. performance. performance (话剧的) 一场演出。41. It was a long time before the cut on my hand _ completely. A. healed B. cured C. improved D. recovered A. healed. heal 1) 使痊愈, 治愈：The salve will help to heal the wound. (这种药膏能治愈你的伤。) 2) 痊愈 (多指外伤) ：The cut on my leg has healed. (我腿上的伤口以痊愈。) 可见, 本题是heal的第二种用法。cure治疗, 治好; The drug cured my fever. (这种药使我退烧了。) This medicine should cure you of your cold. (这种药定会治好你的感冒。) recover也可以表示“痊愈”, 意为“恢复正常”。例如：1) I think she will recover. (我认为她会痊愈的。) 2) He almost fell ill, but quickly recovered. (他差点病到, 但很快就痊愈了。) 也可以用recovered做表语表示“痊愈, 恢复正常：Are you completely recovered from your illness? (你的病是不是完全好了？) 注意 recover vi. 用作“痊愈”时, 句子主语通常是人。Improve 改善, 此词无“治疗”或“痊愈”之意。 本题译文：过了很长时间我手上的伤口才痊愈。42. As soon as the children were _, their mother got them out of bed and into the bathroom. A. woke B. waken C. wake D. awake D. awake.awake adj.醒着的 (作表语) 。Awake, awaken, wake, waken都可以作及物和不及物动词用, 但是awake多用作不及物动词, 其中wake最常用。43. The governments strong action demonstrated its _ to crush the rebellion. A. energy B. resistance C. courage D. determination D. determination. determination意为“决心”, 后常接动词不定式作定语。44. Probability is the mathematical study of the _ of an events occurrence. A. desire B. likelihood C. result D. effect B. likelihood 句意：概率是对事件发生的可能性的数学研究。45. There were no tickets _ for Fridays performance. A. preferable B. possible C. considerable D. available D. available. available (=capable of being used; that may be obtained) 可利用的; 可以找到的：1) These tickets are available for one month. (这些票的有效期一个月。) 2) Is there a doctor available? (有否可以找到大夫？) 3) A limited number of seats are still available. (仍然还有少量座位。)46. In a typhoon, winds _ a speed greater than 120 kilometers per hour. A. assume B. accomplish C. attain D. assemble C. attain. attain (=succeed in doing or getting) 达到 (目的等) ,取得 (成就等) :I hope you will attain your object, accomplish (顺利) 完成。assume假定, 假设, 承担。assemble集合; 装配。47. The thief _ the papers all over the room while he was searching. A. abandoned B. vanished C. scattered D. desertedC. scattered.scatter(=throw or put in various directions, or here and there)撒。abandon放弃，抛弃。desert遗弃（而离开）。vanish消亡，灭亡。本题句意是将小偷在搜寻钱时的情景，所以应选scattered(撒)。48. Roses are quite _ flowers in English gardens. A. ordinary B. common C. usual D. generalB. mon(=usual and ordinary; happening of found often and in many places)普通的；常见的；常常发生的；到处可见的：a common experience(普通的经历)；a common tree(常见的树木)。This bird is common throughout Europe.(这种鸟在欧洲很常见。)They can treat most of the common diseases.(他们能治疗大多数常见病。)usual(=done, found, used or existing most of the time) 经常的，通常的，惯例的，习以为常的；强调时间习惯方面，例如：This is the usual state of the house.(这房子里平常就是这种样子。)ordinary正常的，普通的，正常的；an ordinary day(平凡的一天)，ordinary people(普通人), a piece of ordinary dance music(一首普通的舞曲)。general普通的。它与common比较，语气稍强，含有很少例外的意外。可见本题中用common是最佳的选择。49. The _ of the trees in the water was very clear. A. mirror B. sight C. reflection D. shadowC. reflection.reflection此处意为“映在水中的倒影”，而不是“影子”或“阴影”，故不能用shadow。其他选择均不合题意。50. Her display of bad temper completely _ the party. A. harmed B. damaged C. spoilt D. hurtC. spoilt.spoil指出意指“使. 扫兴，搞糟”，如：Quarrelling spoilt the picnic.(争吵使这次野餐弄得很扫兴。)hurt伤害，damage 损坏，harm危害，均不合题意。51. Our attitude toward our teachers should be _, but not slavish or superstitious. A. respectable B. respected C. respective D. respectfulD. respectful.respectable(=deserving respect)值得尊敬的,品行端正的。respectful(=showing respect to)有礼貌的，表示尊敬的。Respective各个的。respected尊敬的。Respecting prep.(=relating to; concerned with)关于，说到。52. Who is responsible for sending out misinformation? Most of the fault lies _ the administration. A. in B. to C. on D. withD. with.lie with应由.（承担责任）；（作出决定等）得靠. 1)The responsibility lies with the driver.(责任应由这个司机承担。) 2)It lies with you to accept or reject he the proposal.(接受还是拒绝这项建议由你决定。)lie in在于： 1)The difficulty lies in their great poverty.(困难在于他们非常贫困。) 2)the solution lies in social and political reform.(解决方法在于社会政治改革。)53. People who live in a small village are bound to see a good _ of each other. A. sum B. quantity C. deal D. amountC. deal.see a good deal of each other 经常见面。54. They always kept on good _ with their next-door neighbors for the childrens sake. A. friendship B. relations C. intentions D. termsD. terms.keep (be) on good terms with与.和睦相处。55. He was afraid that the branch might bend over and break, and he would be sent _ to the ground. A. crashing B. throwing C. rushing D. droppingA. crashing.crash(to the ground)猛跌（到地上）。Crash n.常指飞机等的“失事”，如：He was killed in an aircraft crash.(他在飞机失事中丧生。)本句中用falling不妥，fall指“落下，掉下”，本身并不强调落下的速度，而crash使“猛跌”，故本题用crashing最佳。56. Despite their good service, most inns are less costly than hotels of _ standards. A. equivalent B. uniform C. alike D. likelyA. equivalent.equivalent相等的，相当的：He exchanged his pounds for the equivalent amount of dollars. uniform 相同的,一样的。Likely adj.很可能的，有希望的。Alike(表语形容词)相同的，相象的。57. The generation _ makes it difficult for parents to understand their childrens opinions. A. division B. gap C. separation D. intervalB. gap.generation gap 代沟。div