Mean的用法.doc

Mean的用法1mean可以用作及物动词，意为：意欲，计划。如：I meant this photo for my mother.我准备把这张照片送给我的妈妈。Sorry, we are late. But we had meant to be early.对不起，我们迟到了，但是我们本来是想早来的。I mean you to spend this money for your daughter.我是想让你用这笔款为你女儿买些东西的。Is this picture meant for me?这张画儿是打算给我的吗？What does he mean to do?他想干什么？2mean还可以表示“使有可能，预示”的意思。如：This snow means no sport this afternoon.这场雪使今天下午的体育活动搞不成了。3mean还可以指“（字、句等）意指，意味”的意思。如：A dictionary tells you what words mean.词典告诉你词语的含义。This word means nothing.这个词没有意义。Do you know what I mean?你懂我的意思了吗？The meant, of course, he could not work without that machine.当然，没有了那台机器，也就是意味着他没去工作。4mean还可以用作形容词，意为：吝啬的，自私的。She is mean and never invites people to meals.她很小气，从不请人吃饭。5mean还可以表示“坏心眼儿的，不友好的”的意思。如：It was mean of you to tease the little boy.你戏弄那个小男孩，你真坏。6用作形容词时，该词还可以表示“卑鄙的”的意思。如：It is a mean notive.这是卑鄙的动机。other, the other, others, the others和another（1）other作前置定语，修饰单数或复数名词。如：We study Chinese, maths, English and other lessons.我们学习汉语，数学，英语和其他课程。（2）the other表示两者中的“另一个”或两部分中的“另一部分”，是特指。如：She has two children, one is a boy, the other is a girl.（3）others用作pron.，泛指“其他人”或“其他物”。如：Some say yes, and others say no.有人说对，有人说不对。（还有人没发表意见）（4）the others指整体中除去一部分后，剩余的全部。There are fifty-five students in our class. Thirty of us are girls, the others are boys.（表示其余的全部）（5）another用于泛指三者以上的不定数目中的“另一个”，其n.前不加冠词。如：Theres another seat. I can sit over there.Prefer的用法分析vt.宁愿，更喜欢（1）prefer sth. （更）喜欢例如：Personally, I prefer winter weather.就我个人来讲，我更喜欢冬天的天气。（2）prefer to do sth. （更）愿做例如：I prefer to drink black coffee.我喜欢喝不加牛奶的清咖啡。（3）Prefer A to B喜欢A胜过喜欢B例如：I prefer apples to oranges.我喜欢苹果，不怎么喜欢桔子。（4）prefer doing A to doing B = prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿做A，不愿做B例如：I prefer working to sitting all day.I prefer to work rather than sit all day.我宁愿工作也不愿整天坐着。（5）prefer sb. to do sth.（更）愿意让某人做某事例如：I should prefer you not to stay there too long.我倒希望你不要在那儿呆得太久。（6）Prefer that-clause, that引导的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气，即“should动词原形”，should可以省略。例如：I prefer that you（should）not say anything about it.我希望你对此什么也不要说。辨析none, nothing和no one（1）nonenot any; not one，可以指人，意为“没有什么人”；也可以指物，意为“没有任何东西“。它表示人们所谈到的人或物的多寡，即数量概念。如：He wants me to lend him some money, but I have none at hand.他想要我借些钱给他，但我现在手头上一个子儿也没有。None has left there.没有一个人离开那儿。none后常接of短语，of后可接复数可数名词或代词，作主语时谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可；of后也可接不可数名词，这时谓语动词必须用单数形式。如：None of my friends know/knows about it.我的朋友没有一个人知道这件事。None of this bread looks fresh.这面包一点儿也不新鲜。注意：none指的是三者或三者以上的人或物中“没有一个”，如果指两者中“没有一个”应用neither。请比较：There are many apples in the basket, but none of them are of fresh.篮子里有许多苹果，但没有一个是新鲜的。Neither of his parents is at home.他的父母都不在家。（2）nothingnot anything，意为“没有任何东西；没有什么”。它表示的是事物的种类。如：Nothing is found on the table.桌子上什么也没有。（3）no onenobody，只能指人，不能指物，语气比none强，后面不能接of构成的短语。no one作主语时，谓语动词只能用单数形式。如：No one/Nobody likes a person with bad manners.没有人喜欢不讲礼貌的人。（4）用于简略回答时，none用来回答由How many和How much引起的问句以及含“any(of)名词”构成的一般疑问句；no one/nobody用来回答Who问句及含anybody构成的一般疑问句；而nothing则用来回答What问句及含anything构成的一般疑问句。如：How much water is there in the bottle?瓶子里有多少水？None.一点也没有。Whats on the table?桌上有什么？Nothing.什么也没有。Who will go to the party?谁将去参加晚会？No one/Nobody.没人去。区分cloth, clothes, clothing和dress（1）cloth是不可数名词，“布料”，但作“桌布”讲时，是可数名词。How much cloth does it take to make a coat for the child?给这个孩子做件上衣要多少布？a table cloth一张桌布 a dish cloth一张餐巾（2）clothes只用复数，指具体的衣服。包括外套、西装、衬衣、裤子、鞋、帽等。它不能与和表示具体数目的数词连用。如：不能说a clothes, six clothes可以说many（these, a few my, an article of, a suit of）clothes。（3）clothing是集体名词，指衣服、服装的总称，不能用复数，表示泛指。The shop sells childrens clothing especially.这家商店专卖儿童服装。（4）dress作可数名词时，指妇女穿的“裙子”。作不可数名词时与clothing同义，指“礼服、衣服”，尤指外衣。I made a new dress to my own measure.我做了一条裙子。Advice的用法U劝告、忠告、建议advice前可用some, much, a piece of等来修饰，不可用an, many及数词等，advice后面不可加s。表示“有关的建议”时后跟介词on。常见搭配：ask for ones advice ask advice of sb. 征求某人的意见give sb. advice on关于对某人提出忠告take / follow advice接受意见。例如：Lets ask for his advice on what to do next.我们去征求一下他的意见下一步该怎么办。The teacher gave us some good advice on our study of physics.老师对我们的物理学习提了一些好的建议。advice的动词形式为advise。无论名词advice或动词advise后接由that引导的从句，从句中都用“（should）动词原形”。例如：I advise that you（should）buy a computer.我建议你买一台电脑。You should follow / take his advice that you（should）buy a computer.你应该接受他让你买台电脑的建议。（引句中that引导同位语从句）Event accident 与incident辨析Event指具有重要意义的历史事件，也可引申为重大事件，还可表示运动会的“比赛项目”，其复数可做“时事、时局”解The founding of the Peoples Republic of Chinia is a great event in the history of mankind.中华人民共和国的成立是人类历史上的一件大事。Meeting you was quite an event in her life. 认识你是她一生中的一件大事。Which events have you entered for? 你参加了哪些比赛项目？We must constantly keep in touch with current events. 我们应当不断关注时局的发展。Accident指意外或偶然发生的事故，尤指不幸的、损害性的事故（something unpleasant, undesirable or damaging that happened unexpectedly or by chance）。There have been fewer traffic accidents lately. 近来车祸少了。I had an accident in the kitchen and broke all the glasses. 我在厨房里闯了祸，把玻璃杯全打碎了。“by accident”为一固定短语，表示“偶然的（by chance）”.Columbus discovered America by accident. 哥伦布偶然的发现了美洲。Incident一般指不太重要的小事件、插曲、有时指引起战争、争端的事变。Some of the incidents described in his book are not very probable.他书中描写的一些事情不太可能。The Lugouqiao incident, which occurred on July 7, 1937, was staged by the Japanese militarists.发生在1937年7月7日的卢沟桥事件，是日本军国主义者发动的。seem look和appear（1）look是从样子上看起来；seem是根据情况或某种迹象看来；appear特别指从表面看，或由观察者的方面看如何，它们的结构有异同。请看表格：单词 句型It that It as if / though There to be like seem（近于事实）look（外表）appear（一般与事实不符）如：He looks very young. = He looks to be very young.He seems very young. = he seems to be very young.He appears very young. = He appears to be very young.他看起来很年轻。（但要注意其内含的意思的不同。）（2）seem, appear可接不定式，表示“看起来”；look后接to be表示“看起来”，后接不定式，是“盼望”的意思。如：He seems (appears) to know it.他看起来像知道此事。She looks to hear from you.她期待你的来信。（3）seem, appear可用于It seems (appears) that结构，但look不能。