仁爱英语七上课文知识点归纳.doc

潭东中学导学稿科目：七年级英语 课题：期末知识点归纳课型: 复习课 执笔：高燕 审核：七年级英语集备组班级：_ 学生：_ 座号：_ 时间：_七年级英语上学期知识点汇总考点词汇（Units 1-2)Unit 1 Making New Friends【重点短语】1.good morning/ afternoon / evening早上/下午/晚上好2.glad / nice to meet / see you见到你很高兴3.welcome to + 地点欢迎来到4.lets + v让我们做5.this is. 这是6.thanks = thank you 谢谢7.see you = see you later = goodbye再见8.ID number身份证号码9.be from=come from来自10.in English 用英语【重要句型】1. -Whats your name? -My name is Sally.2. -Whereareyoufrom? -Im from China.-Wheredo you comefrom? -I come from China.3. -Where is he/ she from? -He/She is from Japan.4. -Whatsthis/ that in English? - Its a/ an5. -Whatre these/ those in English? -Theyre6. -How do you spell it? -E-R-A-S-E-R, eraser.7. -Can you spell it? -Yes, M-A-P, map.8. How old are you/ is he/ are they?Im/ He is/ They are eleven.9. Whatsyourtelephone number?Its 4567967.10. What class/ grade are you in? Imin Class Ten, Grade Seven.（注意大小写）11. Good morning/ afternoon/ evening. 12. Hello!/Hi! Hello!/Hi!13. Nice/Glad to see/meet you. Nice/Glad to see/meet you, too.14. Welcome to China/my home. Thanks.15. How do you do? How do you do?16. How are you? Fine, thank you. And you? Im OK.17. See you then/ later. See you. 18. Goodbye. Bye.19. Thank you. Yourewelcome./Thats OK./Not at all.【重点语法】1. 元音字母： AaEeIiOoUu包含有以下元音的字母：e AaHhJjKk i: EeBbCcDdGgPpTtVva IiYyju: UuQq WweFfLlMmNnSsXxZz2. 大小写句首字母，人名，地名，称呼语，专有名词，星期的首字母要大写，引人注意。Look！Is that Jane?He comes from Hubei, China.Mr. Wang, this is my mom.What class are you in?Im in Class Ten, Grade Seven.On Sunday, we go to the West Hill for a picnic.3. Be动词的用法我用am，你用are，is用于他、她、它，单数用is，复数就用are。含be动词的陈述句变否定句在be后加not，变一般疑问句将be提前。一般疑问句的肯定回答：Yes, 人称代词+ be；否定回答：No, 人称代词+be + not。如：-They are teachers. -They are not teachers.-Are they teachers? -Yes, they are./No, they arent.4. 不定冠词、定冠词和and的用法(1)不定冠词a, an的用法a /an 都表示“一，一个”，a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,如：a book; a desk; an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前，如：an apple / an orange/ an English book;/ an English boy/ an old man;/an actor/ an English teacher/ an office worker.(2)the是定冠词，表特指，单复数前面都可用We are inthesame class.Thegirl in a pink skirt is Jane.Where isthebook?This isnt my bike.Theblue one is mine.(3) and的用法数字相加看做单数： Two and threeisfive.颜色相加也是单数: Black and whiteisgray.人和事物相加是复数：Lucy and Lilyaresisters.The pen and the eraserareJanes.5. 可数名词单数变复数（1）规则变化 一般在名词词尾加-s，如：car-cars; photo-photos; toy-toys; boy-boys 以s, x, ch, sh结尾的词，在词尾加-es，如：box-boxes; bus-buses 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加es，如：baby-babies; family-families4）以fe结尾，变fe为v再加es，如：knife- knives（2）不规则变化如：foot-feet; man-men; woman-women; snowman-snowmen;（3）集体名词：people, clothes, police, family（4）成双出现的名词：shoes, pants(trousers), gloves, eyes, ears九. 一词多义：An orange（桔子）is orange（橙色的）.6.打招呼时常用的交际用语(1)How are you?用于熟人之间，表示问候。回答用Fine./Im fine./Im OK.Thanks.(2)How do you do?用于初次见面，伴随握手动作，是表示庄重、礼貌的正式问候语。回答仍用How do you do?(3)Nice to meet you.经人介绍认识对方，礼节性地互致问候。对方用Nice to meet you, too.来回答。(4)Hi!和Hello!是熟悉的人之间打招呼或非正式的问候语，回答也用Hi!和Hello!意思均为“你好！”7. 指示代词this, that, these, those，this这，这个，指近处的人或事物。these是this的复数，表示“这些”。that那，那个，指较远处的人或事物。those是that的复数，表示“那些”。通常问句中的this, that作主语时回答用it。 e.g. What is this? It is a book. these, those作主语时回答用they。 e.g. What are those? They are buses.8.英语中，有编号的事物，通常把名词放在数词前，且名词第一个字母大写，数词若为英文单词，第一个字母也应大写。e.g.一年级Grade 1或Grade One 第三课Lesson 3或Lesson Three9.与汉语不同，英语中单位大小的排列通常是由小到大，并用逗号隔开。e.g.中国北京 Beijing, China 五年级三班 Class 3, Grade 5 第一排第三号 Number 3, Row 1 Unit 2 Looking Different【重点短语】1.give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb.把某物给某人 Pleasegive it to her.2.lookthe same 长相相同 look different 长相不同，看起来不一样3.look like 看起来像 Helooks likehis father. = He and his fatherlook the same.4.next to 在旁边 The boynext tome is my good friend.5.in +颜色 穿着颜色的衣服in +a/an +颜色+衣服 穿着颜色的The boyin a yellow T-shirt and gray pantsis my good friend.6.(1) both两者都（be动词之后，实义动词之前） They both have brown hair and black eyes. They are both office workers.(2)all 三者或三者以上都 They are all kind to me.7.数字+(形状、大小)+颜色+n. twobig red apples She has short blond hair.【重点句型】1.Whoisyour favorite actor?2.We arein the same school,but we arein different grades.3.What do/does +主语+look like? 长得怎么样？-What does he look like?- He is not very tall but very strong.4.We dont look the same, but we are goodfriends.Welook the same, but we arein different clothes.5.-What color is/are +主语？-Its/ Theyre +颜色.-What color is her hair? -Its blond.6.This ismy cap. = This cap ismine.Is this your cap? = Is this cap yours?-Whose capis this? =Whose is thiscap? - Its Sallys.-Whose are these bananas? - Theyretheir bananas/theirs.7.His pants are blue and mine arewhite.(mine=my pants)My T-shirt is green and hisisbrown.(his=his T-shirt)8.I have small eyes, but he has big ones.（ones指代eyes）My jacket is blue and white. That one is blue. （one指代jacket）【重点语法】1.动词原形和动词第三人称单数形式（1）主语是第三人称单数形式（he、she、it；单一的人；单一的名字；单一的事物），动词要用单三形式。实义动词变第三人称单数的规则： 一般情况直接加“s”，如：come-comes，meet-meets 动词以o，s，sh，ch, x结尾，加“es”，如：do-does; go-goes; teach-teaches 以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，再加es, 如：study-studies, fly-flies, try-tries 特殊情况：have-has（2）句型转换 当主语为第三人称单数：变否定句时，在动词前加doesnt, 动词现原形；变一般疑问句时，在句首加does，动词现原形。一般疑问句的肯定回答：Yes, 人称代词+does；否定回答：No, 人称代词+doesnt.如：She has small eyes.-She doesnt have small eyes.-Does she have small eyes?-Yes, she does. /No, she doesnt. 当主语为第一、第二人称变否定句，在动词前加dont，变一般疑问句，在句首加do，肯定回答：Yes, 人称代词+do；否定回答：No，人称代词+dont.They have small eyes.-They dont have small eyes.- Do they have small eyes? -Yes, they do./No, they dont.2. 表示所属关系（1）名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词形容词性物主代词my your his her our their its名词性物主代词mine yours his hers ours theirs its-Whose is this pen? Is it yours?-No, its not mine. My pen is blue.物主代词用法如下：(1)形容词性物主代词必须置于名词前，修饰限定名词，作定语。e.g.Whats your name?你叫什么名字?My name is Jane.我叫简。(2)名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”，在句子中主要是作主语、宾语和表语。e.g.Isthis pen yours?这支钢笔是你的吗?(表语)No, it isnt. Itshis.不，不是。是他的。(表语)Mine is on my desk.我的在我的课桌上。(主语)She knows my name and I know hers.她知道我的名字，我也知道她的名字。(宾语)(3)名词前若有形容词性物主代词，不可再出现a,an, the, this, that, these, those之类的限定修饰词。如果要表示这种意义，则用“of+名词性物主代词”这种结构。e.g. a friend of mine我的一个朋友(4)whose既是形容词性物主代词，又是名词性物主代词。e.g. Whose is this book?这本书是谁的？（名词性物主代词）Whose book is this?这是谁的书？（形容词性物主代词）（2）名词所有格 用于人或其他表示有生命的名词后：单数或不以s结尾的复数+s，如：Janes book；Womens Day以s结尾的复数+如： TeachersDayLucys and Lilys bags 分有 Lucy and Lilys room 共有Those are Janes shoes.= Those shoes are Janes. of 表示所属关系，用于没有生命的物体，如：a map of China；aphoto of my family3.动词have(1)have表示归属，意为“有，占有”，第三人称单数形式是has。have用于除第三人称单数以外的其他任何人称，而has仅用于第三人称单数。e.g. I/You/We/They have a telephone.我/你(们)/我们/他们有一部电话。He/She/It has big ears.他/她/它长着大耳朵。(2)have, has的否定形式分别为dont have和doesnt have。e.g. I/You/We/They dont have a car.我/你(们)/我们/他们没有小汽车。He/She/It doesnt have a friend.他/她/它没有朋友。(3)have和has的一般疑问句及其答语。have和has的一般疑问句是在句首加Do或Does构成，谓语动词都是have。e.g.Do I/you/we/they have a car?我/你(们)/我们/他们有辆小轿车吗？Yes, you/I/we/they do.是的，你(们)/我/我们/他们有。Does he/she/it have a friend?他/她/它有朋友吗？Yes, he/she/it does.是的，他/她/它有。4.形容词big/small, long/short大/小，长/短形容词是表示人或事物特征的词， 在句中主要用作定语或表语等。e.g. He has a big nose.他有一个大鼻子。(定语)His nose is big.他的鼻子大。(表语)5.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是就句子中的某一特定部分进行提问的问句。特殊疑问句句末用问号，一般读降调。（1）特殊疑问词特殊疑问句都由疑问词引起，常用的疑问有who(谁)，whose(的)，which（哪一个），what(什么)，when（何时），where(何地)，why（为什么）和how(如何)等。（2）特殊疑问句的语序特殊疑问句的基本结构为：疑问词+ be /助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语/表语（+其他）？e.g. (1)Whatis your name?你叫什么名字？ Myname is Lily.我叫莉莉。(2)Whoare they?他们是谁？They are my friends.他们是我的朋友。(3)Whereis Kangkang from?康康来自哪里？He is from China.他来自中国。(4)Whichis your bike?哪辆自行车是你的？The new one.新的那辆。6.look like与lookthe samelook like.意为“看起来像”，相当于belike, like是介词，后面通常接名词或代词。e.g. (1)The girl looks like my sister=Thegirl is like my sister.这个女孩看起来像我的妹妹。(2)Whodoes she look like?她看起来像谁?She looks like her mother.她看起来像她的妈妈。(3)Whatdoes she look like?/ What is she like?她长得什么样？She is tall./She has two big eyes anda small mouth.她个子高。/她长着两只大眼睛和一张小嘴巴。look the same意为“看起来很像，看起来一样”,其后不跟名词或代词。e.g. A and B look the same. A和B看起来一样。The two books look the same.这两本书看起来一样。考点词汇（Units 3-4)Unit3 Getting Together【重点短语和句型】1.Could you please + 动词原形？用来表示委婉的请求-Could you please tell me your name?- Sure/ No problem. Myname is Sally.- Sorry.2.tellsb. sth. = tell sth. tosb. 告诉某人某事 tell sb. aboutsth. 告诉某人关于某事Please tell me your name. = Please tell your name to me.Please tell Maria about it. 请把这件事告诉玛丽亚吧。3.helpsb. dosth.= help sb. withsth. 在某方面帮助某人，帮助某人做某事Please help us find him.Could you please help mewithEnglish?= Could you please help me studyEnglish?4.wantto do sth.= would like to do sth. 想要做某事want sth. = would like sth. 想要某物 want sb. to do sth.想要某人做He wantsto visitBeijing. = He would like to visitBeijing.I want/would like an orange. Jane wants Kangkang to singsome songs withher.5.showsth. to sb.= show sb. sth. 把某物展示给某人看Maria shows a photo of her familytoKangkang.6.My English is very good. =I can speakEnglish very well.7.livein+ 地点 居住在某地 live with + sb. 和某人住He live in China with his parents.8.knowa lot about 知道许多关于的事 He knows a lot about China.9.say表示说话的内容，speak表示说某种语言的能力What does he sayin the letter? He can speaksome English.10.对事物的喜欢程度likevery much/a lot 非常喜欢 likea little 有点喜欢dont likeat all 一点都不喜欢Many students in our class like Englisha lot, but I like it a little.He doesntlike chocolateat all.11.a lot of+可数名词复数/不可数名词I have a lot ofEnglish books.12.everyday 每天 each other 相互 some of them 他们中的一些 eat out 下馆子，到外面吃饭13.play withsb. 和某人一块玩耍 like to do/doingsth. 喜欢(做)某事She likes to play withKitty.14.Help yourself/yourselves to sth. 随便吃(喝)15.bekind to sb. 对某人很友好They are all kind tome. 他们对我很友好。 Its very kind of you. 你真好。16.be glad to do sth. 很高兴(乐意)做I am very glad to be here. 我很乐意在这里。 Glad to meet you. 很高兴见到你。17.let sb. dosth. 让某人做某事Let me see.让我想一想。 Let us help you find him. 让我们帮助你找到他。18. I am home. 我到家了。Maria isnt at home/in now. 玛丽亚现在不在家。 Welcome to my home. 欢迎来我家。 Its time to go home. 该回家了。【单元知识点详解】1.实义动词变一般疑问句及其回答-Does he speak English?- Yes, he does./ No, he doesnt.2.询问职业及工作地点-What does your mother do?(书面) /What is your mother?(口语)- She is an English teacher.-Where does she work?- She works/ teaches/studiesin a school / hospital / restaurant / on a farm / in an office. 3.介绍家人This is a photo ofmy family.The young woman in red is my mother.Is the young woman in red your mother?(变一般疑问句)Who is the young woman in red?(对划线部分提问)My grandparents, my cousin and I are on the sofa.I have a big family. 我有一个大家庭。I love my family. 我爱我的家。4.就餐表达语1)-Would you like something to drink ? 想不想喝些东西？-Yes, a glassof apple juice, please. / No, thanks.something to drink 一些喝的东西something to eat 一些吃的东西2)-What would you like to have/ eat / drink? 你想吃（喝）些什么？-Id like some rice and chicken. / Let me see. 我想想看。3)Would you like to have dinner with me? 想和我共进晚餐吗？-Yes, Id love to. / Yes, Id like to.- Im sorry, I have to4)-What do youusually have for breakfast? 你通常早餐吃什么？-Iusually havemilk and bread for breakfast.havefor breakfast/ lunch / dinner 早/午/晚餐吃.5)-May I take your order, sir? 请问，要点菜了吗？-Fish with vegetables and rice, please.6)May I help you ? = Can I help you ? =What can I do for you ?请问要吃/喝/买些什么？5.委婉地请求、提建议的五种表达Would you like sth. / to do?你愿意/想？What / How about sth. / doing? 怎么样？Why not do? 为什么不？Lets do! 让我们干吧！Why dontyou do? 为什么不？肯定回答:Yes, Id like/love to. /Good idea. /OK. / All right./ Id love that.否定回答: No, thanks. / Im sorry I cant, I have to do/Id like that, but Im sorry I have no time.【重点语法】1. 人称代词的主格与宾格点拨：主格在句子中充当主语，放在动词之前；宾格放在动词之后构成动宾短语，放在介词之后构成介宾短语。主格Iweyouhesheitthey宾格meusyouhimheritthem-Do you know them?- Yes. They are my new classmates.2. 可数名词与不可数名词（1）可数名词：可以用数目来计数的名词，有单数和复数之分。如：banana, egg, apple, orange, noodles, vegetable, hamburger等。（2）不可数名词：不能用具体的数目来表示，前面不能加a/an，没有复数形式。如：milk, chicken, bread, Coke, coffee, rice, juice, fish, tea, water, chocolate等。（3） 不可数名词若要表示数量，可用：数词+量词+ of + 不可数名词。如：a glass of milk 一杯牛奶；ten bottles of apple juice十瓶橙汁；tenloaves of bread 十条面包（4）some/ a lot of +可数名词的复数/ 不可数名词many +可数名词的复数 much +不可数名词【书信的格式】1.称呼：顶格写，常用Dear 开头，表示亲切、客套，后面用逗号。2.正文：从称呼的下一行开始写，开头空两格。3.结束语：正文下面的客套话，写在右下角，首字母大写，末尾用逗号，常用Yours。4.签名：指写信人的签名，写在结束语的下面。 Unit4 Having fun【重点短语和句型】1.buy sth. for sb. = buy sb. sth. 为某人买Linda wants to buya toy car forher cousin. = Linda wants to buy her cousin a toy car.2.try on sth.= try sth. on 试穿 try it/them on(固定搭配)Maria tries onthe coat in a clothes shop.3.The coat looksvery niceonyou. 你穿上这件外套真漂亮。4.Thats fine. Well takeit. 好的，我们就买它了。5.I am just looking. 我只是随便看看。6.“Are youkidding?”你在开玩笑吗？7.think 想，认为 think about 考虑 think of 认为Kangkang thinksitsLi Mings. Ill think aboutit. 我要考虑一下。 think about a plan 考虑一项计划 What do you think ofthis yellow skirt?8.Thank you all the same. 仍然感谢你。9.get some wate 取水 fly a kite/ kites放风筝 sing some songs 唱歌 meet friends at home 在家和朋友见面 have a picnic=go (out) for a picnic 去野餐get up 起床 go home 回家 go fishing 去钓鱼 go shopping=do some shopping 购物 go to the zoo 去动物园 go to the West Hill 去西山 visita friend 拜访朋友 call back 回电话 do ones homework 做作业 take ones order点菜 take some bread 带一些面包 seethe Monkey Show 看猴子表演10.ask sb. to dosth. 请/要某人做某事Could you ask her to call me backthis evening? 你能让她今晚给我回个电话吗？11.need sth./to dosth. 需要(做)某事We need to helpthem with their English. 我们需要帮助他们学英语。We need two kilos of apples and some rice.12.have / has to do sth. 不得不/必须做Kangkang has tocook. 康康必须要做饭。 Kangkang doesnt have tocook. (变否定句)13.save 节省，攒钱，挽救Big sale! Buy more and savemore! 大降价！买得多，省得多！Ben can save5.14.here 这里 there 那里Here you are. 给你。 Here it is. 在这。 Here we are. 我们到了。The clothes are there, madam. 夫人，服装在那边。-Whereis Baby Monkeys home? - Its there.15.be free = have time 有时间，有空 Are you free this Sunday?= Do you have (any) timethis Sunday?Im sorry I have no time.= Im sorry I dont have any time.16.Its time to dosth / for sth. 该做某事了，是做某事的时候了Its time to have breakfast.= Its time for breakfast.17.Thank you for your help. = Thank you for helping me. 谢谢你的帮忙。18.ateight oclock 在八点整 inthe morning/ afternoon/ evening 在早上/下午/晚上onSunday moring在星期天早上19.on ones way home 在某人回家的路上 on ones way to school 在上学的路上Buy some eggs and rice on your way home.The Baby Monkey cant find his way home.【单元知识点详解】1.购物表达语1)-Can I help you? / May I help you?-Yes, please. Iwant to buy some clothes for my daughter./ Im just looking, thanks.2)-What can I do for you?-I want a T-shirtfor my son.3)-Can I try it on? / Why not try them on? - Sure / No problem.4)Thats fine. Well take it.5)280 yuan! Are you kidding? Ill think about it. Thank you all the same.6)-Could you help me do some shopping?- Sure. What do we need?7)-Is that all? 就那些吗？- Yes, I think so. 是的，我想就这些。8)-Its too heavy. 它太重了。 -Letme help you. 让我帮助你吧。2.询问对事物的观点、看法-How do you like this pair of pants?=What do you think of this pair of pants?你认为这条裤子怎么样？- Theyre too long. / I dont lik