中考完型填空解题策略（修改版）

新化十四中陈慧华 中考英语专题 完形填空的解题策略 我将从以下八个方面进行说明 完形填空的内涵测试梯度考查的能力命题特点解题技巧解题步骤应考对策备考方案 一 完形填空的内涵 Clozetest直译为中文后 其意为 闭合 使 完整的测试 这项考题的理论基础是 将人们对事物全部 完整的理解看作是一个闭合的圆 则圆上的任意两点之间都有着逻辑上的关系 如果从这个圆上任意挖去一点或数点 应该可以根据这种内在的逻辑关系将其推导还原出来 最终使其闭合 恢复成一个完整的圆 即将人们对事物的理解重新还原 二 完形填空试题的测试梯度 完形填空试题包含四个考点层次 单词 word W 层次 词义与词形 词组 phrase P 层次 固定搭配和习惯用法 句子 sentence S 层次 上下文与语法分析 语篇 discourse D 层次 语感与逻辑推理 三 完形填空题型主要考查学生以下几方面的能力 1 综合型阅读理解能力2 语言运用能力A 短语和惯用语B 句型C 语法3 逻辑推理能力4 把握作者意图的能力 四 近几年娄底市中考完形填空命题的特点 1 文章体裁多为记叙文且题材广泛 故事性 趣味性强 结构完整 内容贴近生活实际 符合初中生阅读心理和认知规律 文章首句不设空 2 遵循 以实词为主 虚词为辅 突出词汇考查语境化 的命题原则 3 侧重考查考生把握全文 根据上下文的逻辑关系进行综合分析 推理判断等运用英语的能力 附 娄底市中考完形填空特点 附 娄底市中考完形填空特点 1 context 上下文 语境 3 regularcollocation 固定搭配 2 logic 逻辑 五 完形填空的解题技巧 SkillsofClozeTests 4 grammaranalysis 语法分析 5 backgroundknowledge 背景知识 Skill1 Context 上下文 语境 例1 InNewYork onaFridaynight ayoungartiststoodatthegateofatrainstation Hewasplayinghis 1 Hismusicwassogreatthatmanypeopleputmoneyintohishat Thenextday theyoungartistcametothesameplace andplayedtheviolinasusual 1 A pianoB guitarC violin violin violin 例2 Whenwetalked Idiscovered 发现 somedifferencesinschoollifebetweentheUSandChina Forexample eachclasslastsfiftyminutesintheUS Itisalittle 2 thanthatinChina Weusuallyhaveforty fiveminutesineachclass 2 A shorterB longerC earlier fifty Skill2 Logic 逻辑推理 forty five Skill2 Logic 逻辑推理 例3 Mymotheroftenaskedme Whatisthemostimportantpartofthebody Ithoughtsoundwasveryimportanttousashumans soIsaid My 3 Mommy Shesaid No Manypeoplearedeaf 聋的 3 A earsB eyesC body sound deaf 例4 Whentwopeopleareinaconversation thespeakerwilllookatthelistenerfromtimetotime inordertomakesurethatthelistenerdoes 4 attentiontowhatheorsheisspeaking 4 A getB makeC pay payattentionto pay Skill3 RegularCollocation 固定搭配 Skill3 RegularCollocation 固定搭配 例5 Inthemorning thekingwenttovisitthepond Tohissurprise thepondwasonlyfilledwithwater Whathappened Yes Everyonehadthesameidea5thatman 5 A withB toC as thesame as Skill4 GrammarAnalysis 语法分析 例6 Asareporter IthinkIwillmeetlotsofpeopleandIshouldbefriendlytothem IthinkI llalsomakemanygood6andlivewiththem becauseIdon tlikelivingalone 6 A friendB friendsC friends many s Skill5 BackgroundKnowledge 背景知识 例7 Allovertheworldpeopleswimforfun Swimmingisenjoyedbypeopleof7ages fromtheveryyoungtotheveryold Therearemanyplacesforpeopletoswimintheworld 7 A allB noneC some 六 完形填空的解题步骤 StepsofClozeTests 1 跳过空格 通读全文 掌握大意 3 复读全文 逐个核对 验证答案 2 瞻前顾后 先易后难 各个击破 Today wewilltalkabouttheproblemswehavethesedays Weallknowthe 31 ofdogsandtheobjectsfallingfromwindowsaregettingworse Wehave 32 lotsoflettersaboutsuchproblems So 33 istimeforpossiblewaystoworkouttheseproblems Somedog ownersdon ttakecareoftheirdogswellenough andtheylettheirdogsmakemessontheroadsandingardens Thismakestheenvironment 34 Iwouldliketotellthedog ownersthattheirbehavioristoobad andatthesametimetheyaremakingpeoplefeelunhappy Weshouldkeeptheenvironment 35 Itisreportedthatsomepeople 36 rubbishoutofthewindows Itisdangerousbecausefallingobjectsmay 37 others Itisagainstthelaw Weshouldputupanoticetoteachpeoplenottodoso Ifitisfound wewillrecordthe 38 andaddressesofthosepeoplewhothrowobjects Then awarningwillbegivenand 39 willbepunishedbylaw A 40 andcomfortablelivingenvironmentisimportanttous Ifwetryourbesttocareforourcommunity itwillbeagoodplacetolivein Step1 Read through 跳过空格 通读全文 掌握大意 Whichisthemainideaofthepassage It sabouttherubbishoutofthewindowsthatmayhurtothers It saboutthedogsthattheownersdon ttakegoodcareof It sabouttheproblemsinourcommunityandhowtosolvethem 通过快速阅读找关键词和中心句把握短文主旨 Today wewilltalkabouttheproblemswehavethesedays Weallknowthe 31 ofdogsandtheobjectsfallingfromwindowsaregettingworse Wehave 32 lotsoflettersaboutsuchproblems So 33 istimeforpossiblewaystoworkouttheseproblems Somedog ownersdon ttakecareoftheirdogswellenough andtheylettheirdogsmakemessontheroadsandingardens Thismakestheenvironment 34 Iwouldliketotellthedog ownersthattheirbehavioristoobad andatthesametimetheyaremakingpeoplefeelunhappy Weshouldkeeptheenvironment 35 Itisreportedthatsomepeople 36 rubbishoutofthewindows Itisdangerousbecausefallingobjectsmay 37 others Itisagainstthelaw Weshouldputupanoticetoteachpeoplenottodoso Ifitisfound wewillrecordthe 38 andaddressesofthosepeoplewhothrowobjects Then awarningwillbegivenand 39 willbepunishedbylaw A 40 andcomfortablelivingenvironmentisimportanttous Ifwetryourbesttocareforourcommunity itwillbeagoodplacetolivein Step2 Easyfirst hardlater 瞻前顾后 先易后难 各个击破 Today wewilltalkabouttheproblemswehavethesedays Weallknowthe 31 ofdogsandtheobjectsfallingfromwindowsaregettingworse Wehave 32 lotsoflettersaboutsuchproblems So 33 istimeforpossiblewaystoworkouttheseproblems Somedog ownersdon ttakecareoftheirdogswellenough andtheylettheirdogsmakemessontheroadsandingardens Thismakestheenvironment 34 Iwouldliketotellthedog ownersthattheirbehavioristoobad andatthesametimetheyaremakingpeoplefeelunhappy Weshouldkeeptheenvironment 35 Itisreportedthatsomepeople 36 rubbishoutofthewindows Itisdangerousbecausefallingobjectsmay 37 others Itisagainstthelaw Weshouldputupanoticetoteachpeoplenottodoso Ifitisfound wewillrecordthe 38 andaddressesofthosepeoplewhothrowobjects Then awarningwillbegivenand 39 willbepunishedbylaw A 40 andcomfortablelivingenvironmentisimportanttous Ifwetryourbesttocareforourcommunity itwillbeagoodplacetolivein 31A lessonsB problemsC classes 32A madeB openedC received 33A thatB itC this B C B Paragraph1 Today wewilltalkabouttheproblemswehavethesedays Weallknowthe 31 ofdogsandtheobjectsfallingfromwindowsaregettingworse Wehave 32 lotsoflettersaboutsuchproblems So 33 istimeforustofindoutpossiblewaystoworkouttheseproblems 3 problems letters Paragraph2 Somedog ownersdon ttakecareoftheirdogswellenough andtheylettheirdogsmakemessontheroadsandingardens Thismakestheenvironment 34 Iwouldliketotellthedog ownersthattheirbehavioristoobad andatthesametimetheyaremakingpeoplefeelunhappy Weshouldkeeptheenvironment 35 A A 34A dirtyB quietC noisy 35A pleasantB importantC useful 36A pullB throwC take 37A hurtB helpC move 38A agesB hobbiesC names 39A WeB theyC you Paragraph3 Itisreportedthatsomepeople 36 rubbishoutofthewindows Itisdangerousbecausefallingobjectsmay 37 others Itisagainstthelaw Weshouldputupanoticetoteachpeoplenottodoso Ifitisfound wewillrecordthe 38 andaddressesofthosepeoplewhothrowobjectsoutoftheirwindows Then awarningwillbegivenand 39 willbepunishedbylaw B A C B throw Paragraph4 A 40 andcomfortablelivingenvironmentisimportanttous Ifwetryourbesttocareforourcommunity itwillbeagoodplacetolivein B 40A safetyB safeC safely comfortable Today wewilltalkabouttheproblemswehavethesedays Weallknowthe 31 ofdogsandtheobjectsfallingfromwindowsaregettingworse Wehave 32 lotsoflettersaboutsuchproblems So 33 istimeforpossiblewaysouttheseproblems Somedog ownersdon ttakecareoftheirdogswellenough andtheylettheirdogsmakemessontheroadsandingardens Thismakestheenvironment 34 Iwouldliketotellthedog ownersthattheirbehavioristoobad andatthesametimetheyaremakingpeoplefeelunhappy Weshouldkeeptheenvironment 35 Itisreportedthatsomepeople 36 rubbishoutofthewindows Itisdangerousbecausefallingobjectsmay 37 others Itisagainstthelaw Weshouldputupanoticetoteachpeoplenottodoso Ifitisfound wewillrecordthe 38 andaddressofthosepeoplewhothrowobjects Then awarningwillbegivenand 39 willbepunishedbylaw A 40 andcomfortablelivingenvironmentisimportanttous Ifwetryourbesttocareforourcommunity itwillbeagoodplacetolivein Step3 Re readandcheck 复读全文 逐个核对 验证答案 七 完形填空的应考策略 1 注重首 尾句段 2 克服畏难 急躁情绪 耐心通读全文 3 切勿看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案 必须纵观全文 通篇考虑 4 动笔时先易后难 注意从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示 大胆地作出猜测 5 如果选项从语法角度无法确定 则必须从语篇 前提示 后暗示 意义上加以鉴别 八 完形填空题的备考方案 2 增加词汇数量 巩固语法知识 1 注重阅读教学 增强阅读能力 3 扩大背景知识 提高阅读技巧