高中化学 M4 U3 Grammar 新人教版必修3.ppt

grammar nounclausesastheobjectandpredicative 关于从句 虽说从句自身的句子结构是完整的 但是它不能视为独立的句子 因为它离开了主语就无法独立 完整地表达意思 按其所能表达的意义而言 它相当于一个词或是一个词组 从句担任什么句子成分 这个从句就叫做该成分的从句 如主语从句 宾语从句 状语从句等 nounclauses名词性从句 名词性从句相当于名词 可作主句的主语 表语 宾语和同位语 nounclausesastheobject宾语从句 ithink that youwilllikethepictures hehasbecomewhathewantedtobetenyearsago idon tknowwhyjanewaslateforschoolthismorning theteacherispleasedwithwhatshesaid i mafraidthatican tgototheparty 宾语从句 1 在复合句中作主句及物动词的宾语 也可作介词或某些形容词的宾语 2 由连接词引导 且连接词总是立于从句之首 宾语从句的连接词 使用宾语从句的注意事项 1 由that引导的宾语从句 that通常可以省略 但如从句是并列句时 第二个分句前的that不可省 hetoldme that hewasillandthathewouldnotcometotheparty 用who whom which whose what when where why how whoever whatever whichever等连接词引导的宾语从句 应注意从句语序要用陈述语序 iwanttoknowwhathehastoldyou shewillgivewhoeverneedshelpawarmsupport 2 陈述语序 当主句动词是现在时 从句根据自身的句子情况 而使用不同时态 当主句动词是过去时态 could would除外 从句则要用相应的过去时态 如一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时等 当从句表示的是客观真理 科学原理 自然现象 则从句仍用现在时态 3 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应 若主语谓语动词为think consider suppose believe expect guess imagine等 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义 一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上 从句谓语用肯定式 idon tthinkthisdressfitsyouwell 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿 4 否定的转移 it常可以放在动词think find consider believe feel make等后作为形式宾语 it不仅可以作为形式主语 还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语 that从句则放在句尾 特别是在带复合宾语的句子中 5 形式宾语 weoftenhearsitthattravelboardenthemind imadeitclearthatiwasdeterminedtocarryouttheplan iconsideritnecessarythatweshouldspendmoretimepractisingspokenenglish wethinkitpossiblethattheyoungmasteratleasttwoforeignlanguages 6 某些动词后面 宾语从句的谓语要求用虚拟 这类动词常见的有 command 命令 demand 要求 desire 希望 insist 坚持 order 命令 propose 提议 recommend 推荐 request 要求 require 要求 suggest 建议 等 heproposedthatwe should setadeadlineforthecomplementoftheplan 他提议拟定一个执行计划的期限 nounclausesasthepredicative表语从句 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句 放在动词之后 一般结构是 主语 系动词 表语从句 可以接表语从句的系动词有be look remain seem等 引导表语从句的that常可省略 另外 常用的还有thereasonwhy isthat 和itisbecause 等结构 1 thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime 2 thisiswhywecan tgetthesupportofthepeople 3 butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses 4 thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedthebus 使用表语从句的注意事项 表语从句一定要用陈述语序 不可以用if 而用whether连接表语从句 asif例外 不像宾语从句 在有表语从句的复合句中 主句时态和从句时态可以不一致 that在表语从句中不可以省掉 youaresayingthateveryoneshouldbeequal andthisis idisagree 04 theroadiscoveredwithsnow ican tunderstand theyinsistongoingonmotor bike 04 theotherday mybrotherdrovehiscardownthestreetat ithoughtwasadangerousspeed 04 where why what 4 alongwiththeletterwashispromise hewouldvisitmethiscomingchristmas 04 5 theshopkeeperdidnotwanttosellfor hethoughtwasnotenough 05 6 ihavealwaysbeenhonestandstraightforward anditdoesn tmatter i mtalkingto 04 what whoever that 7 parentsaretaughttounderstand importanteducationistotheirchildren sfuture 04 8 thesewildflowersaresospecialiwoulddo icantosavethem 00 9 ireadaboutitinsomebookorother doesismatter itwas 01 how whatever which 10 amoderncityhasbeensetupin wasawastelandtenyearsago 04 11 someresearchersbelievethatthereisnodoubt acureforaidswillbefound 12 thewayhediditwasdifferentfrom wewereusedto 05 what that what 13 marywroteanarticleon theteamhadfailedtowinthegame 05 14 thepooryoungmanisreadytoaccept helphecanget 05 15 elephantshavetheirownwaytotelltheshapeofanobjectand itisroughorsmooth 05 why whatever whether hesaidthetextwasveryimportantandweshouldlearnitbyheart 2 myworryisthathecangetthereontime 3 thereasonwhyhefailedwasbecausehehadn tstudiedhard 4 whatweneedaretime 5 herearetwobooks youcantakewhateveryouwant is that whether that whichever 改错 1 hetoldme hewouldgotocollegethenextyear 2 idon tknow therewillbeabus 3 ireallydon tknow youshoulddependonifyoudon tdependonyourparents 用适当的词填空 使下列宾语从句和表语从句意思完整 that 不填 if whether whom who 4 hedidn ttellme hewouldcomebackfromshanghainexttime 5 letmeknow trainyou llbearrivingon 6 canyouworkout muchwewillspendduringthetrip 7 makesure therearenomistakesinyourpapersbeforeyouturnthemin when which how that 8 wethinkitnecessary wetakeplentyofhotwatereveryday 9 tomisverylazy thatis hedidn tpasstheexam 10 thisis wefoundthestrangetrees 11 myideais weshouldalldoourbesttodoeverythingwell that why where how that 12 itlooked h