水利水文术语表中英对照

水 圈 hydrosphere水 体 water body水科学water science水文学hydrology陆地水文学land hydrology应用水文学applied hydrology工程水文学engineering hydrology水 汽 water vapour水文要素hydrologic elements积 雪 snow cover 终雪 latest snow 融 雪 snowmelt 冰 雹 hail截 留 interception填洼 depression detention地面滞留surface detention陆面蒸发evaporation of land水面蒸发evaporation of water surface土壤蒸发evaporation from soil 散发（植物蒸腾）transpiration 蒸发能力evaporation capability 下渗（入渗）infiltration稳渗 steady infiltration下渗能力infiltration capability河川径流river runoff 降雨径流rainfall runoff 暴雨径流storm runoff融雪径流snowmelt runoff 枯季径流dry season runoff 基流 base flow阴塞高压 blocking high 低空急流 low level jet 低涡 vortex反气旋（高压）anticyclone气旋（低压）cyclone热带气旋tropic cyclone热带低压tropic depression热带风暴tropic storm强热带风暴severe tropic storm气团 air mass锋（锋面）front气象 meteorology气候区划climatic regionalization气候带climatic zone精品资料小气候microclimate副热带（亚热带） subtropic zone比 湿 specific humidity蒲福风级beaufort wind scale霜 点 frost point霜 冻 frostbite无霜期frost free period 流 域 watershed (basin) 闭合流域enclosed basin不闭合流域non enclosed basin闭流区（内流区）bling drainage area分水线（分水岭）divide流域几何特征basingeometric characteristics河道复流（河道再生）resurgence常年河perennial stream间歇河intermittent stream悬河（地上河） elevated stream 夺流河（断头河） captured river 盈水河 gaining stream亏水河losing stream暴洪河流flashy stream界河 boundary river废河道（古河道）dead river凹岸 concave bank 凸 岸 convex bank 岸壁 land wall水边线（岸线）water line堤防 levee河长 river length 河 弯 river bend 弯曲率tortuosity航道 navigable channel河段 reach潜洲 submerged bar水利学hydraulics明渠水力学open channel hydraulics水静力学hydrostatics水动力学hydrodynamics明渠水流open channel flow恒定流steady flow非恒定流unsteady flow均匀流（等速流）uniform flow非均匀流（变速流）non uniform flow急 流 supercritical flow 缓 流 subcritical flow 异重流density current 临界流critical flow临界水深critical depth临界流速critical velocity 临界流量critical discharge 水 头 head位置水头（位能）elevation head 低强水头（压能）pressure head 流速水头（动能）velocity head 雷诺数reymold number韦伯数weber number水力因素hydraulic factor湿周 wetted perimeter水力半径 hydraulic radius 宽深比 width depth ratio 落 差 fall驻 波 standing wave移动波translation wave河流动力学river dynamics山洪侵蚀torrential erosion流域产沙量watershed sediment yield 溶解性总固体total dissolved solids 离子含量ion concentration离子总量total ion concentration离子流量 ion discharge 矿化度 mineral content 盐度 salinity碱度 alkalinity酸度 acidity电导率electric conductivity混浊度（浊度）turbidity总需氧量total oxygen demand溶解氧dissolved oxygen需氧量oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand滑雪需氧量chemical oxygen demand硬度 hardness非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度）non carbonate hardness浮冰 floating ice锚冰 anchor ice封冻期freeze up period封冻（封河）freeze up平封 flat freeze up立 封 upright freeze up 冰 盖 ice cover连底冻grounded ice cover冰 丘 ice mound封冻冰缘ice edge of freezeup 清 沟 lead初生清沟primary lead再生清沟secondary lead冰花路毡sludge road felt冰上覆雪snow cover over ice冰 脊 ice ridge冰 缝 crack悬 冰 suspended ice cover冰 堆 ice pack冰 塞 ice jam冰上结冰aufeis解冻期break up period冰变色color change of ice cover冰上有水accumulation of melt water月中天lunar transit引潮力tidal generation force天文潮 astronomic tide 气象潮 metorologic tide 潮汐周期 tidal cycle半日潮 semidiurnal tide全日潮diurnal tide 混合潮mixed tide 大潮 spring tide小潮 neap tide中潮 moderate tide太阴月lunar day潮期 duration of tide涨潮历时duration of tidal rise 落潮历时duration of tidal fall 潮流 tidal current涨潮流flood tidal current 落潮流ebb tidal current 憩流 slack tide潮流速tidal velocity往复流reversing current旋转流rotary current潮流期duration of tidal current涨潮流历时duration of flood current地下水流速velocity of groundwater flow 地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度） hydraulic gradient of groundwater地下水等水位线图water tablecontour map含水层aquifer含水岩系water content rock series含水岩组water content rock formation 含水岩性water content rock property 含水介质water hearing medium均匀介质homogeneous medium非均匀介质inhomogeneous medium含水层边界aquifer boundary 透水边界permeable boundary 隔水边界confining boundary 弱透水边界acquitted boundary 透水层permeable bed隔水层confining bed弱透水层acquitter水文地质参数hydrogeological parameters渗透系数permeability coefficient导水系数 (释水系数） coefficient of transmissivity 贮水系数storativity水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）coefficient of water table conductivity压力传导系数coefficient of pressure conductivity持水度water holding capacity土壤水分常数soil moisture constants土壤吸湿系数absorptioncoefficientofsoil moisture凋萎系数wilting coefficient 田间持水量field capacity 毛管断裂含水量moisture content at capillary rupture最大水分吸水量maximum molecular moisture content 零通量面法zero flux plane method 潜水 phreatic water降水入渗补给precipitation recharge降 水 入 渗 补 给 系 数coefficientof precipitation recharge地表水补给 surface water recharge 凝结水补给 condensation recharge 侧向补给 lateral recharge越流补给leakage recharge灌溉补给系数irrigation recharge coefficient of groundwater潜水蒸发phreatic water evaporation潜水蒸发临界深度critical depthof phreatic water evaporation潜 水 溢 出 量phreaticwateroverflowto surface潜水位phreatic water level潜水埋深burieddepthofphreaticwater level潜水含水层厚度thickness of phreatic water aquifer内流湖endorheic lake淡水湖fresh lake 咸水湖salt lake 盐 湖 saline lake季节性湖泊seasonal lake富营养湖泊eutrophic lake贫营养湖泊poornutrient lake湖流 lake current梯度流gradient current漂流 current of friction湖泊波漾（假湖）lake seiche湖泊增减水lake wind denivellation湖泊率lake ratio湖泊补给系数recharge coefficient of lake湖泊换水周期lake residence period湖盆 lake basin湖面高程elevation of water level in lake岛屿率insulosity湖泊分层lake layering正温层direct thermal stratification逆温层inverse thermal stratification湖泊形态参数morphometricparameterof lake高位沼泽（贫营养沼泽）main level mire中位沼泽（中营养沼泽）medium level mire沼泽水量平衡water balance of mire沼泽水mire water沼泽蒸发mire evaporation沼泽径流mire runoff沼泽表面流surface flow of mire沼泽表层流surface layer flow of mire 沼泽含水性moisture property of mire 沼泽持水性water retention of mire 沼泽透水性perviousness of mire沼泽率mire ratio冰 川 glacier山地冰川（山岳冰川）mountain glacier谷冰川valley glacier宽尾冰川broad tail glacier冰斗冰川cirque glacier悬冰川hanging glacier贯通冰川（山麓冰川）penetrating glacier冰 原 ice field冰川平衡线equilibrium line of glacier委托观测entrust gauging水文仪器hydrologic instrument直读仪器direct reading instrument自记仪器automatic recording instrument遥测仪器remote telemetry unit固态存贮器solid storage计数器counter记录器recorder显示器display unit平均无故障工作时间 mean time between failures 相应水位equivalent stage水文测站hydrometric station基本站basic station辅助站auxiliary station专用站special station水文试验站 hydraulic experimental station 基准水文站 bench mark hydrologic station 水文气象站 hydrometeorology station巡测站tour gauging station水文站gauging station雨量站网rain gauging network水面蒸发站网water surface evaporation network水位站网stage gauging network泥沙站网sediment gauging network水质站网water quality network地下水观测井网groundwater voservation well network 站网规划hydrologic network planning 水文分区hydrologic regionalization站网布设network layout容许最稀站网minimum network 设站年限station required age 基 面 datum临时水准点temporary benchmark测验断面measuring cross section基本水尺断面basic gauge cross section流速仪测流断面current meter measuring crosssection 浮 标 测流 断面floatmeasuringcross section比降水 尺断 面slopemeasuringcross section辅助水尺断面secondary gauging crosssection 临时测流断面temporary measuring cross section水文缆道hydrometric cableway悬索缆道suspended cableway悬杆缆道suspended rod cableway机动缆道motorized cableway手动缆道hand operating cableway循环索loop cable起重索suspension cable水文缆车hydrometric cable car吊船过河索 cableway for anchoring boat 缆道测验仪 cableway measuring device 水文测船 hydrometric boat水文测桥 hydrometric bridge桥测车gauging vehicle on bridge水文巡测车tour gauging vehicle for hygrometry雨量器raingauge承水器raingauge receiver量杯 measuring glass渠积雨量器accumulative raingauge雨量计rainfall recorder虹吸式雨量计siphon rainfall recorder翻斗式雨量计tipping bucket rainfall recorder长期雨量计long term rainfall recorder遥测雨量计telemetering rainfall recorder 测雨雷达precipitation monitoring radar 雪量线snow gauge雨雪量计rain and snow recorder蒸发量evaporation蒸发量观测evaporation observation蒸发量折算系数reduction coefficient of evaporation遮挡率screen ratio蒸发器evaporation pan小型蒸发器（蒸发皿） small evaporation pan e 601 型蒸发器evaporation pan of type e 601漂浮蒸发器floating evaporation pan蒸发计evaporimeter遇测蒸发计telemetering evaporimeter钩形水尺hook gauge最高水位水尺crest stage gauge校核水尺check gauge基本水尺断面basic gauge辅助水尺断面auxiliary gauge比降水尺断面slope gauge临时水尺temporary gauge水位计stage gauge自记水位计stage recorder浮子式水位计floattype stage recorder压 力 式 水 位 计pressure typestage recorder超声波水位计ultrasonic stage recorder遥测水位计telemetering stage recorder接触试水位计contact type stage recorder远传水位计telecontrol stage recorder 自记水位计台stage recorder installation 静水井stilling well测得水深measured depth有效水深effective depth相对水深relative depth断面平均水深meandepthatacross section干绳改正air line correction湿绳改正wet line correction测点流速velocity measurement测速垂线surface velocity水面流速velocity at a point测点流速maximum point velocity最大测点流速velocity measuring vertical 垂线平均流速mean velocity at a vertical 部分平均流速mean velocity at a segment断 面 平 均 流 速cross sectionvelocity distribution浮标流速point velocity coefficient 中泓流速surface velocity coefficient 流速分布velocity distribution流速梯度velocity gradient垂线流速分布vertical velocity distribution断 面 流 速 分 布cross sectionvelocity distribution水面流速分布surface velocity coefficient顺 流 downstream flow逆 流 upstream flow流速脉动velocity pulsation中泓流速midstream流向测量flow direction measurement体积法cubature流速仪current meter转子式流速仪rotating element current meter旋杯式流速仪cuptype current meter旋 桨式 流速 仪propeller typecurrent meter电波流速仪electric wave current meter超声波剖面流速仪ultrasonic profile currentmeter多普勒流速仪 doppler current meter 参证流速仪 reference current meter 流量计 flow meter文杜里水流计venturi flow meter毕托管pitot tube流速仪检定current meter calibration检定槽calibration tank检定车calibration carriage水面浮标surface float小浮标small float 双浮标double float 浮杆 float rod堰顶高程 elevation of weir crest堰顶水头weir head水工建筑物测流flow measurement by hydraulic structure闸门开启高度 gate opening 行近河槽 approach channel 行近流速 approach velocity 堰 流 weir flow流 态 flow regime自由流free flow淹没流submerged flow半淹没流half submerged flow孔 流 sluice flow射 流 jet flow淹没比submergence ratio淹没系数submergence coefficient流速系数velocity coefficient流量系数discharge coefficient稀释法测流dilutionmethodfordischarge measurement示踪剂tracer标准溶液standard solution背 景 浓 度backgroundconcentration solution稀释比dilution ratio推 移质 输沙 率 测 验bedloaddischarge measurement器策法sampling method坑测法pit method沙波法dune tracking method床沙测验bed material measurement照相法photographic method打印法stamp pad method床沙采样器bed material sampler悬 移 质 采 样 器suspendedsediment sampler瞬时式采样器instantaneous sampler积时式采样器timeintegrating sampler瓶式采样器bottled sampler皮囊式采样器collapsible sample泵式采样器pumping sampler调压式采样器pressure adjustable sampler同位素测沙仪radioisotope sediment concentration meter光电测沙仪photoelectric sediment concentration meter振动式测沙仪vibrational sediment concentration meter推移质采样器bed load sampler 网式采样器basket type sampler 吸 管 pipet光 电 颗 分 仪photoelectricparticlesize meter比重计（密度计）hydrometer泥沙沉降sediment settling沉降速度settling velocity平均沉速mean settling velocity絮 凝 flocculation反凝剂defloeculant粒径 particle diameter中数粒径median particle diameter 平均粒径mean particle diameter 等容粒径nominal diameter投影粒径projected diameter三 轴 平 均 粒 径triaxialmeanparticle diameter几何平均粒径geometric mean particle diameter筛析粒径sieve diameter沉降粒径settling diameter粒径组fraction of particle size颗粒级配grain size distribution颗粒级配曲线grain size distribution curve单样颗粒级配index sample grainsize distribution垂线平均颗粒级配mean grain size distribution in a vertical对照断面check cross section 控制断面control cross section消减断面attenuation cross section 水样保存water sample preservation 检出率detected ratio超标率over limit ratio痕迹量trace未检出nonreadout回收率recovery ratio溶解气体采样器dissolved gases sampler冰情观测ice regime observation固定点冰厚测址fixed point ice thickness measurement冰情目测visual observation of ice regime冰情符号ice code冰情图ice regime charta 初冰日期first ice date 封冰日期freeze up date 解冻日期break up date 终冰日期end ice date封冻历时freeze up duration水浸冰厚thickness of immersed ice敲露水面宽open water width冰流量ice discharge等深点流速改正法revised isobath velocity method流速过程线改正法revised velocity hydrograph method有效潮差significant tidal range负波高negative wave height水库水文测验hygrometry of reservoir入库水量reservoir inflow出库水量reservoir outflow水库供水reservoir water supply水库弃水surplus water released frome reservoir水库渗漏量reservoir seepage volume水库蓄水变量variation of reservoir storage 水 库蓄 水变率rateofreservoirstorage change坝上水位stage behind dam库区水位stage in reservoir region水 库 淤 积 测 量reservoirsedimentation survey水库淤积量reservoir sedimentation volume地形法method of topographic survey断面法method of cross section survey淤 积 形 态morphologyofreservoir deposition淤积三角洲sedimentation delta淤 积 物 密 度drydensityofreservoir deposition岩溶地区水文调查hydrologicinvestigation in karst areas实际地表集水面积actualsurfacecolleting area水文实验研究experimental research in hydrology代表流域representative basin 实验流域experimental basin 相似流域similar basin径 流实 验 研究experimentalresearchin runoff径流场runoff plot人工降雨装置artificial rainfall device蒸发实验研究experimental research in evaporation蒸发池evaporation tank土壤蒸发器soil evaporator蒸散器evapotranspirometer农田蒸发器evaporator for agricultural land蒸渗仪lysimeter地下水均衡场groundwater balance plot合理性检查rational examination 电算整编processing by computer 水文年鉴water year book测站考证station examination站 年 station year极 值 extreme value加权平均法weighted mean method断流水位stage of zero flow河干 river of zero flow水文过程线hydrograph水文综合过程线synthetic hydrograph等值线isopleth分布曲线distribution curve水文特征值hydrologic characteristic value径流总量total runoff径流模数runoff modulus 径流系数runoff coefficient 洪峰 flood peak洪水流量peak discharge洪水总量flood volume输沙模数modulus of sediment runoff水位流量关系stage discharge relation连时序法chronological method绳套曲线loop curve流 量 过 程 线 法dischargehydrograph method潮汐要素法tidal factor relation method定潮汐要素法constant tidal factor relation method合轴相关法coaxial correlation method一 潮 推 流 法methodofdischarge computation for a single tide水位流量关系single valued processing of stage discharge relation关系曲线延长extension of relation curve流率表rating table单 断 沙 关 系indexandcross section average sediment concentration relation单 断 沙 关 系 曲 线法indexandcross sectionaeragesedimentconcentration relation curve method水位单断沙比关系曲线法stage versus ratioofindexandcross sectionaverage sedimentconcentrationrelationcurvemethod单断沙比过程线法hydrographmethodof index and cross section average sediment concentration ratio单样过程线法hydrographmethodof index sediment concentration真 值 true value测量值（实测值）measured value最或然值most probable value绝对误差absolute error相对误差relative error插机误差（偶然误差）random error允许误差permissible error 伪误差（粗差）spurious 方差 variance标准差standard deviation相对标准差relative standard deviation离差（偏差）deviation闭合差closure error平差 adjustment精密度precision准确度correctness垂 线抽 样误差（ m型误 差）measuring vertical sampling error分布式数据库distributed type data base 集中式数据库concentrated type data base 网络式数据库network type data base层次数据库laminarization data base层次数据模型laminarization data model网状数据模型network data model数据量data bulk结 点 node水文数据库hydrologic data base水文基本数据库 hydrologic basic data base 湖泊水文预报 hydrologic firecasting of lake 施工水文预报hydrologic forecasting for construction period潮汐预报 tidal prediction旱情预报soil moisture forecasting地下水动态预报groundwater regime forecasting预见期forecast lead time超长期水文预报extended long term hydrologic forecasting作业预报operational forecasting预报方案forecast scheme评定标准accuracy standard方案合格率qualified ratio of scheme 确定性系数deterministic coefficient 汛 seasonal flood伏汛 summer flood 汛 期 flood season 防汛 flood defence报汛站flood reporting station报汛站网flook reporting network常年水情站perennial hydrologic reporting station汛期水情站hydrologic reporting station inflood season辅助水清站网auxiliary hydrologic reporting network洪水警报flood warning点雨量point rainfall面雨量areal rainfall泰森多边形 thiessen polygon 等雨量线法 isohyetal method 产流 runoff yield蓄满产流runoff yield at natural storage超渗产流runoff yield in excess of infiltration产流面积area of runoff yield地表径流（直接径流）direct runoff地面流（坡面流）surface flow of mire壤中流prompt subsurface flow 前期影响雨量antecedent rainfall 土壤缺水量soil moisture deficit 下渗能力曲线（下渗曲线） infiltration capability curve初 损 initial losses后损（后渗） continuing losses坡面汇流overland flow concentration河网汇流（河槽汇流）river network flow concentration地下汇流groun