完整虚拟语气用法表格归纳图

第四章虚拟语气（一）状语从句中的虚拟语气精品资料虚拟语气在 if 引导的条件 句中 的用 法三点：从句（条件）主句（目的）if+主语+动词的过去式（be 用 were ） 主语+would(should could might)+动词表示 于现 在事 实相反的虚拟条件句ifi hadtime,iwouldattendthe原型meeting.if+主语+had+ 动词的过去分词主语 +would （ shouldcouldmight ）表示 与过 去事 实相反的拟条件句if hehadhurried,hecouldhave caught the train.+have+ 动词的过去分词1、if+主语+动词过去式主语+would （couldshouldmight ）+表示 与将 来事 实相反的虚拟条件句2、if+主语+were to+动词原形3、if+主语+should + 动词原形if i were to go abroad, i would goto america.动词原型错综 时间 条件 句主 从句 时间 不一致的 情况 下的 虚拟语气有时条件从句中的动作与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这是动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。if you had followed my advice, you would be better now.if you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now.有时虚拟条件句并没用if 从句表示出来，而是用介词短语（otherwise ， or， without ，but for ）上下文或其他方式来表示。含蓄条件句she would have died without my help.。在 if 引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，有时可以把虚拟条件中的连词if 省去，而将 had ，should ，were 等助动词提到主语之前。例：原句： 1: if she were younger, she,would do it.去 if：were she younger, she would do it.2: if you had come earlier, you would have met him.条件从句中省略 if 采用倒装语序的情况去 if: had you come earlier,you would have met him3:if it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.去 if:should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing.1. 表示与现在事实相反或对现在情况有怀疑，谓语动词用过去式。he treats the boy as if he were his own son.2. 表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。he spoke as if he had known about it.虚拟语气在asif/as though引导的方式状语从句中3. 表示与将来事实相反， (表示将来的可能性不大 ),用 would (might, could)+动词原形he acts as if he could win in the game .注意： 1.在 as if/as though句中，如果有可能成为事实，用陈述语气。例： he looks as if he going to be ill.2. as though 或 as if 引导的状语从句，从句主语和主句主语相同时，从句中可省略主语和部分谓语。虚拟语气用在 lest ， for fear that ，so that及 in order that引导的目 的状 语从 句中表示“以防，以免”等意思谓语动词多用 should/could/might+动词原型构成for fear that it may rain tomorrow, we should bring an umbrella.（should ）+动词原型“incase ”引导的从句中即可用陈述句， 也可以用虚拟语气例： 1.the game will be put off in case it (should) snow. 2.the game will be put off in case it snows.（二）名词性从句中的虚拟语气一：宾语从句中的虚拟语气1. 在动词wish/hope后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。对现在情况的虚拟：从句谓语动词用过去式或过去进行式。i wish (that) i were a bird.对过去情况的虚拟： 从句谓语动词用过去完成时， 或 would ，could ，might+现在完成时。i wish (that) i had seen the film last night.对将来情况的虚拟：从句谓语“ would/should/could/might+动词原形”。i wish (that) i wouldcould go.均以“should+ 动词原型”表示这种语气，“should ”常被省略。we suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. they insisted that the boy (should)go with them.常用的此类动词有：在表示建议，命令，要求，忠告，等动词的后面的宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示“提议，劝告，建议”的：propose, suggest, recommend, advise.表示“要求”的：ask, desire, request, demand, require, beg表示“同意，坚持”的：insist表示“决定，命令”的：decide, order注意： suggest, insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示，表明，坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。the smile on his face suggested (暗示） that he was satisfied with our work.the man insisted【坚持认为】 that he had never stolen the money.wouldrather， had rather ，后的宾语从句中的虚拟语气谓语动词用过去式表示与现在或将来相反i would rather you told me the truth.用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。 表示“宁愿做什么”或“对过去做的事的懊悔”。i would rather you had gone there last sunday.注意： 1.若某人愿自己做某事， would rather后用动词原型2. would rather.than中用动词原型i would rather do it by myself.i would rather watch tv at homethan go to the cinema.主语从句中的虚拟语气表达形式为 should+ 动词原形或省略shouldits quite necessary that we should have a walk now.常用的形容词： natural ，appropriate ，advisable ，necessary ，important ，“itis(was)+ 形容词（或 过去分词） +that. ”结构中的虚拟语气urgent ， probable ，possible ，desirable ，strange 。注意：在上述所列形容词后面用that 引出的宾语从句中，谓语动词也要用虚拟语气。例：i don t think it advisable that tom be assigned to the job since he hasno experience.( 汤姆缺乏经验，指派他做这项工作我认为是不恰当的).表示建议，命令，请求，道歉，怀疑，惊奇等。its a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.这类名词有： advice ， decision ， desire ， demand ， idea ，order ，pity ，在 “itis(was)+ 名 词+that.”结构句中的虚拟语气proposal ，recommendation ，suggestion ， surprise ，wish ， wonder 等。二表语从句或同位语从句中的虚拟语气表达形式为 should+ 动词原型或直接用动词原型。某些表示建议，请求， 命令等主观意向的名词做主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气my idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.we all agree to that suggestion that the meeting (should) be put off.在 it is demanded/suggested/ordered/required. that-clause 句型中从句用 (should )+ 动词原型it is demanded that we should work out a plan.这 类 名 词 常 见 的 有 ： demand， desire ， requirement， advice ，recommendation ，suggestion ，order ，necessity ，proposal ，plan ，idea 。在 it is (about/high) time+that定语从句中的虚拟语气表示“该做.的时候其动词形式用一般过去时或should+ 动词原型了”it is high time that you went/ should go to school.注意：在 this is the first time/ second time that.句型中，从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。this is the second time that we have achieved such a great success.选择题1. if only he quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now.a. lies b. lay c. had lain d. should lie2. how i wish every family a large house with a beautiful garden.a. has b. had c. will have d. had had3. you did not let me drive. if we in turn, you so tireda. drove; didn t getb. drove; wouldn t get c. were driving; wouldnt getd. had driven ; wouldnt have got4. it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the yangpu bridgea. were b. should c. would d. will5. i suggested the person to be put into prisona. refers b. referring c. referred d. refer6. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it a. breaks b. has broken c. were broken d. had been broken7. i insisted to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing wrong with hima. on him to go; should be b. he went; be c. he go; was d. he should to; is8. -your aunt invites you to the movies today-i had rather she me tomorrow than todaya. tells b. told c. would tell d. had told9. -would you have called her up had it been possible-yes, but i busy doing my homeworka. was b. were c. had been d. would be10. i was ill that day, otherwise i the sports meeta. would have taken part in b. took part in c. had taken part in d. would take part in11. the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easilya. had it not been forb. if it were not c. if it had not been for d. were it not for12. if my lawyer here last sunday, he me from goinga. had been, would have preventedb. had been, would preventc. were, preventd. were, would have prevented13. hard, he would have passed the exama. if he were to workb. had he workedc. should he work d. were he to work14. today, he would get there by fridaya. were he to leaveb. if he had left c. did he to leaved. had he left15. had you listened to the doctor, you all right nowa. areb. were c. would bed. would have been精品资料16. i did not see your sister at the meeting. if she , she would have met my brothera. has comeb. did comec. comed. had come17. he busy yesterday, or he you with your experiment.a. was, had helped b. was, would have helpedc. had been, would have helpedd. were, would have helped18. if it for the snow, we the mountain yesterdaya. were not, could have climbb. were not, could climbc. had not been, could have climbedd. hadn t been, could climb19. without electricity, human life quite difficult todaya. isb. will bec. would have beend. would be20. -i am going to tell her the news-i would as soon you her about ita. didn t tellb. don t tell c. hadn t telld. won t tell21. mike s father, as well as his mother, insisted he homea. stayedb. could stayc. has stayedd. stay22. it was requested that the play againa. should put onb. would put onc. be put ond. put on23. she insisted that a doctor immediatelya. had sent forb. send c. be sent ford. was sent24. -did you scold him for his carelessness-yes, but ita. i d rather not dob. i d rather not have donec. i should t dod. i d better not do25. if only i my car精品资料a. hadn t lostb. wouldn t losec. didn t losed. haven t lost26. but for water, it impossible to live in the eartha. isb. wouldc. were d. wouldn t be27. i would rather you anything about it for the time beinga. dob. didn t do c. don td. didn t28. the kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as though he their own sona. isb. were c. had beend. should be29. how the old people wish that they young once morea. were b. could becomec. had beend. should be30. it is high time that we a meeting to discuss this problema. hold b. held c. have heldd. had held31. the thief closed his eyes he dyinga. even if , was b. though, would bec. even, had beend. as if, were32. i wish that you such a bad headache because i am sure that you would have enjoyed the concerta. had notb. did not have hadc. hadn t hadd. hadn t have33. the chairman insisted that we the question againa. will discussb. to discussc. should discussd. will be discussed34. he requested that the students them get in cropsa. help b. to helpc. helpedd. helping35. the guard at the gate insisted that everybody the rulesa. obeysb. obeyc. will obey d. would obey36. i wish i here then精品资料a. wasb. had beenc. were d. would be37. it is strange that he back so earlya. cameb. will comec. had comed. should have come38. mother suggested that i my homework first before watching tva. didb. doc. shall dod. have done39. my suggestion is that the meeting off till nest sundaya. be putb. putc. should putd. had been put40. he is talking so much about america as if he therea. had beenb. has beenc. wasd. been41. the teacher demanded that the exam before elevena. must finishb. would be finishedc. be finishedd. must be finished42. -sorry, joe. i did not mean to-don t call me“joe ”, i am mr. parker to you, and you forget it!a. dob. didn tc. didd. don t43. i did not attend the lecture by pro. jackson. i but i all this morninga. would, have washed b. could, have been washingc. would have, have been washing d. could have, had washing44. how i wish i to repair the watch! i only made it worsea. had tried b. hadn t triedc. have triedd. didn t try45. -how could i thank you enough?-don t mention it. any other man ita. must dob. could do c. would have doned. should have done46. key european governments insist iraqs co-operation good and military action to精品资料allow inspections to continuea. be, be delayedb. is, delayc. should be, be delayedd. is , be delayed47. if the hurricane had happened during the day-time, more deathsa. it would have beenb. it would bec. there would bed. there would have been48. what the customers from the company is that the goods right to their homes.a. requested, deliver b. demand, be deliveredc. request, should deliverd. demand, delivered49. if law-breakers the society will be in disordera. made unpunishedb. came unpunishedc. went unpunishedd. not punished50. we took a taxi to the airport. otherwise we latea. would be b. we