unit2Grammar

Unit2Englisharoundtheworld Grammar 1 Hesaid I veleftmypeninmyroom Hetoldmethathehadlefthispeninhisroom Shesaidthathewouldbebusy 2 Shesaid Hewillbebusy SheaskedTomif whetherhecouldhelpher 3 ShesaidtoTom Canyouhelpme 1 陈述句的间接引语 连接词用that 在口语中可省略 引述动词用said told 等 例如 Hesaid I veleftmybookinmyroom Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinhisroom 复习规律 2 疑问句的间接引语 一般疑问句后连接词用if或whether 而引述选择疑问句时只能用whether 引述动词用asked 没有间接引语的可以加一个间接宾语me him等 例如 ShesaidtoTom Canyouhelpme SheaskedTomif whetherhecouldhelpher 3 特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词 改为陈述语序 例如 TheteacheraskedmehowIhadrepairedit Theteacherasked Howdidyourepairit 4 如何变时态 直接引语间接引语 一般现在时一般将来时现在进行时一般过去时现在完成时过去完成时 一般过去时过去将来时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时 不变 如 1 Shesaid Ihavelostapen Shesaidshehadlostapen 2 Shesaid Wehopeso Shesaidtheyhopedso 3 Shesaid Hewillgotoseehisfriend Shesaidhewouldgotoseehisfriend 但要注意在以下几种情况下 在直接引语变为间接引语时 时态一般不变化 1 直接引语是客观真理 Theearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth theteachertoldme Theteachertoldmetheearthmovesaroundthesunandthemoonmovesaroundtheearth 2 直接引语中有具体的过去某年 某月 某日作状语 变为间接引语时 时态不变 XiaoWangsaid IwasbornonApril2l 1989 XiaoWangsaidhewasbornonApril20 1989 3 直接引语中被引述的部分是反复出现的 习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在的 变间接引语时 时态保持不变 Theboysaidtous Iusuallygetupatsixeveryday Theboytoldusheusuallygetsupatsixeveryday 4 若直接引语中含有when since while等引导的表示过去的时间状语从句 变间接引语时 从句时态不变 如 Shesaid IwenttherewhenIwassixyearsold Shesaidshehadgonetherewhenshewassixyearsold 5 若直接引语的谓语中含有would should might must usedto oughtto hadbetter等动词时 如 Shesaid Weshouldhelpeachother Shesaidweshouldhelpeachother 5 如何变状语 直接引语变间接引语 状语变化有其内在规律 时间状语由 现在 改为 原来 例如 now变为then yesterday变为thedaybefore today变为thatday 地点状语 尤其表示方向性的 或用指示代词修饰的状语 由 此 改为 彼 例如 this改为that 如 Hesaid Thesebooksaremine Hesaidthosebookswerehis 指示代词 时间状语 地点状语的变化 this thatthese thosenow thentoday thatdayyesterday thedaybeforetomorrow thenextday nextweek month year thenextweek month year ago beforehere there 祈使句的间接引语 采用 动词 宾语 不定式 结构 told asked orderedsb not todosth 祈使句的直接引语和间接引语 1 如果祈使句是表示请求 间接引语的动词常用ask 如果是表示命令 间接引语的动词常用tell order command等 2 有些表示建议的祈使句 变成间接引语时一般用suggestdoing suggestthatsb should do 或advisesb todo advisethatsb should do 如 Let sgocampingthisweekend Tomsaidtous Tomsuggested us thatweekend Tomsuggestedthat thatweekend goingcamping we should gocamp 不定式Theofficerorderedhimnottoleavehispost that引导的宾语从句Isuggestedtohimthatwe should startatonce that what how引导的宾语从句Hesaidthathewasveryhappy Hesaidhowhappyhewas 例如 1 Theteachersaidtothestudents Don twasteyourtime ThemotheraskedTomtogetupearly 2 Themothersaid Tom getupearly please Theteachertoldthestudentsnottowastetheirtime 例如 Hesaid Let sgotothefilm Hesuggestedgoingtothefilm 或Hesuggestedthattheyshouldgotoseethefilm 直接引语如果是以 Let s 开头的祈使句 变为间接引语时 通常用 suggest 动句词 或从句 适当改动引用动词 可以使用what和how作连词 语序不变 也可使用that引导 将句子变成相应的宾语从句 感叹句从直接引语变为间接引语时 要注意 如果直接引语中的谓语动词是一般现在时 现在完成时或将来时 变成间接引语时 时态无需变化 这一点同样适用于陈述句和疑问句 直接引语与间接引语之间的转换规律繁多 但同学们要记住 语言是活生生的 在平时的学习中要灵活掌握并使用这些规则 将下列直接引语变为间接引语 1 SpeakEnglishmoreoftenthanjustinclass ourEnglishteachersaidtous OurEnglishteachersuggestedthatwe should speakEnglishmoreoftenthanjustinclassOurEnglishteachersuggestedspeakingEnglishmoreoftenthanjustinclass 2 Don tplaywithfire littleboy hisgrandfathersaid Hisgrandfathertoldthelittleboynottoplaywithfire 3 Katesaid Let sdiscusstheproblemtomorrow KatesuggesteddiscussingtheproblemthenextdayKatesuggestedthatwe should discusstheproblemthenextday 4 Dobequiet please MissHelensaidtothenoisyboys MissHelendemandedthenoisyboystobequiet 5 Mysistersaid You dbettertidyyourroombyyourself Mysisteradvisedmetotidymyroombymyself 6 LiMingsaidtome Willyoukeepthesecretforme LiMingaskedmetokeepthesecretforhim 7 Myteacheralwayssaid Whataninterestingandchallengingjobteachi