北京地区成人本科学位英语考试复习资料—词汇.docx

学位英语复习资料第二部分词汇第一节形近词和近义词1、abroad aaV到（在）国夕卜【搭配】from abroad从国外回来；go abroad到国外去 【用法】表示到（在）国外，是一个副词，前面不加介词。如：She often goes abroad on business.她经常到国外出差。 【辨析】abroad, aboard, broad 和 board单词意思例句abroadaaK在国外或海外He often goes abroad.aboardaaK在船（或飞机，车）上broad宽广的He has very broad shoulders.boardK上（船，飞机，车）The passengers are boarding the plane now.2、accept k 接受【辨析】accept和receive： accept表示“接受”而receive表示“接到，收到”如：I received an invitation yesterday, but I didnt accept it.例（1) He is an honest official and never B any gifts from people who sought his help.A. received B. accepted C. expected D. took up解析句意：他是一个诚实的军官，从来不接受任何向他求助的人的礼物。expect期望；take up开 始从事，着手处理。(2) So far(迄今为止）I haventAany instructions as to(关于）what to do next.A. received B. accepted C. achieved D. recovered 解析句意：迄今为止，我没有收到下一步工作的指令。achieve获得；recover恢复。3、accident A意外或偶然发生的事故【搭配】by accident偶然地（=by chance)【辨析】accident, incident 和 eventaccident指意外或偶然发生的事故，尤指不幸的，损害性的事故。如：There have been fewer traffic accidents lately.最近很少发生交通事故。incident用于表示突发事件或偶发事件，政治上也可以指“事变”（即小事件，大事变）如：Were there any excitingincidents during your journey?旅行中有什么惊喜吗？event指具有重要意义的历史事件，也可引申为重大事件，还可指“比赛项目”其复数可指时 事，时局。如：Which events have you entered for?你参加了什么项目？例 C of cheating customers with false goods should no longer exist. A. Events B. Accidents C. Incidents D. Happenings解析用假产品欺骗顾客的事件不应当发生。4、accuse k指责，指控【搭配】accuse sb. of sth.指控某人某事【辨析】accuse, charge和sue：三个单词都有“指责，指控”的意思，但与之搭配的介词不同。accuse sb. of sth.如His boss accused him of carelessness.charge sb. with sth.如The policecharged the driver with reckless driving.sue sb. for sth.如Smithsued his neighbor for damaging his house.例（1) The customer accused the cook C using canned potatoes.A. forB. withC. ofD. against解析句意：顾客指责厨师使用罐装土豆。(2) He was accused C stealing from the shop.A. withB. inC. ofD. at解析句意：他被指控在商店盗窃。(3) The policeman stopped him when he was driving home and B him of speeding.A. charged B. accused C. blamed D. deprived解析句意：警察把他拦下，指控他超速驾驶。charge sb. with指控某人；blame sb. for为某事责备 某人；deprive sb. of sth.剥夺某人某事。65、acquire k取得，获得acquire取得；获得；学到（知识等）如acquire knowledge 获得知识inquire打听，询问如inquire a persons name 问一个人的姓名require需要如We require more help.我们需要更多的帮助。辨析】acquire, require 和 inquire例Mr. Smith gradually D a knowledge of the subject.A. attainedB. achievedC. requiredD. acquired解析句意：Smith先生逐渐获得了关于这门课的知识。achieve取得（胜利、成功等)，实现（目标、目 的等）；attain达到（目的等)，取得（成就等)。6、act A行为，动作；k行为，举动【搭配】act on按照行事 【辨析】act, action和deedact动作，行为。一般强调一个具体的、简单的动作。常用短语：put on an act装腔作势如：Act, not words, is what we need.行动，而非空话，才是我们所需要的。action行动，行为。与act同义，但多指抽象、反复性行为。常用词语：take action采取行动如：Action speaks louder than words.行动胜过言辞。deed行为，事迹。一般指永久性行为及其结果，特别是好的行为和事迹。常用短语：in name, but not in deed有名无实如：Lei fengs deeds will live forever.雷锋的事迹将流芳百世。例（1) You should act B the advice of your doctor.A.to B. onC. at D. as解析句意：你必须按照医生的建议去做。(2) We all know that D speak louder than words.A.movementsB.performancesC.operations D.actions解析句意：我们都知道行动胜过言辞。movement运动；performance表现，表演；operation操作， 运转。7、addition A加；增加；加法【辨析】in addition 和 in addition to这两个词组都可表示“除了，此外”等意思，用来表示两个事物或动作之间的增补关系。但两者的语法功 能和用法不同。in addition是一介词短语，作副词用，相当于词组as we丨丨，其后不能跟名词或其他任何成分，一般位于 两个句子中间或位于句末。位于两句中时，常用一逗号与句子隔开。如：There are many shops around the railway station. In addition, there are some newly-built hotels there.in addition to是一短语介词，其后接名词或代词等作其宾语，意义大体相当as well as和besides。如：In addition to English, he has to study a second foreign language.8、adopt k收养，采纳，采用 【辨析】adopt和adaptadopt：收养。如:Since they have no children, they decided to adopt a little girl.采纳，采用。如：He adopted our suggestion. adapt：使适应（用于短语 adapt sb. to sth.)。如：I have adapted myself to the college life.例As they havent a child of their own, theyre going to D a little girl.A. acceptB. receiveC. adaptD. adopt解析句意：因为他们没有自己的孩子，他们打算收养一个小女孩。9、advise k 建议【搭配】advise sb. to do sth.建议某人做某事；advise doing sth.建议做某事 【注意】后面的宾语从句要用虚拟语气。即：advise that sb. (should) do的形式。advise sb. to do sth.“劝说某人干某事”，其结果可能是劳而无功。如：She advised her parents to give up smoking, but they wouldnt listen.【辨析】advise sb. to do sth. persuade sb. to do sth.和 try to persuade sb. to do sth.她劝她的父母戒烟，但他们不听。persuade sb. to do sth.“说服某人干某事”其结果是成功的。如：Tom persuaded his father to give up smoking at last.汤姆终于说月艮他父亲戒烟了。try to persuade sb. to do sth.“尽力说服某人干某事”相当于advise sb.to do sth。如:I tried to persuade him to continue his study, but I failed.我尽力劝他继续学习，但没有成功。10、affect k 影响【辨析】affect和effectaffect 影口向（动词），如：Smoking affects health.effect 效果，景影向（名词），如：Government policy will not have any effect on us.【短语】have effect on sth.对有影响，对起作用；cause and effect因果关系例（1) The disease C his mind so that he lost his memory.A. effected B. impressed C. affectedD. hurt解析句意：这种病影响了他的思维，因此他失去了记忆力。(2) Once out of the earth5s gravity, the astronaut is A by the problem of weightlessness.A. affected B. effected C. inclined D. reflected解析句意：一旦失去了地球的重力，宇航员将会受到失重的影响。incline有倾向；reflect反映， 体现。11、ago aaK以前，以前 【辨析】ago和before(1) ago表示“从现在起的若干时间以前”意思是“距今以前”需和过去时或过去进行时连用。before 泛指“从过去起的若干时间以前”意思是“距过去某时以前”常和完成时连用，尤其在间接引语中。如:I visited him three days ago, but he had gone to Shanghai a week before.(2) 如果不具体表明多少时间以前，只用before不用ago,意为“从前、以前” before仍以副词的形 式置于被修饰语后。如：Have you seen this film before?你以前看过这部电影吗？12、 alike相同的，相像的；aaK相同地；同样地，相等地 ad/相同的，相像的如：My mother and I are alike in many ways. aaK同样地，相等地如：The twins were dressed alike.I learned a lot from teacher and students alike.【辨析】alike, like 和 likely(1) alike 形容词，“相像的”（作表语）。如：She and her mother are alike in appearance.(2) like 介词，相像的。如：He looks like his brother.(3) likely 形容词，可能的（常用短语 be likely to do)。如：He is likely to be absent from school today.13、alive a/ 活的【用法】表语性形容词，在句中只能作表语，不能作定语。【注意】可以作状语使用，表示活活地，如：bury sb. alive把某人活埋 【辨析】alive, live, living, lively 和 lovely(1) alive活的（表语形容词）。如：To live is not just to be alive, but to be alive is to live. 个人不是为了活才生，而是为了生才活。(2) live活的（不死的)，有生命的（作定语）；直播的（节目）。如：Mother bought some live fish yesterday.昨天妈妈买了几条活鱼。Live programme 直播节目(3) living活着的（在世的，现存的)，（尤指）现在的。如：He is one of the greatest living composers in the world.他是在世的最伟大的作曲家之一。(4) lively 活泼的。如：He is always a bright and lively child.他是一个聪明活泼的孩子。(5) lovely可爱的，秀美的；令人愉快的，美好的。如：You look lovely in blue.你穿蓝衣服看起来很漂亮。 14、all n全部【辨析】above all 和 after all, in all, at allabove all“首先、最重要的是”，常位于句首或句中。如：But above all tell me quickly what I have to do.可首先快些告诉我该做什么。after all“毕竟、终究、终归、到底”，可位于句首、句中或句末。in all“总共”，既可放在句首，也可放在句末。如：There are 25,000 people in all.这儿共有 25,000 人。at all用于否定句，“丝毫；根本”。如：He doesnt like you at all.他根本不喜欢你。例（1) I think we should let Maria go camping with her boyfriend. B , shes a big girl now.A. Above all B. After allC. First of allD. For all解析句意：我想我们应该让Maria和他的男朋友一起去宿营。毕竟她现在己经长大了。“forall+名 词”意为“尽管”，如：For all his wealth, he was unhappy.尽管他富有，但他并不幸福。(2) It isnt so much whether he works hard; The question is whether he works C .A. above all B. in allC. at all D. after all解析句意：问题不在于他是否努力工作，问题是他究竟现在还工作不工作。15、almost adv几乎，差不多 【辨析】almost 和 most，mostlyalmostadv几乎如：It was almost dark when he reached there.他到那里的时候，天差不多黑了。mostadj/n大多数的，大部分 的如：Most students like English.大多数学生喜欢英语。I was in Shanghai most of the time.我大部分时间在上海。adv十分，非常，很（用 来修饰副词，形容词或动词）如：Guilin is a most beautiful city.桂林是座非常美丽的城市。mostlyadv通常，在多数情况下如：She is mostly out on Sundays.她星期日通常外出。16、alone adj独自一人的【辨析】alone和lonely(1) alone “独自一人”，没有感情色彩，只作表语。(2) lonely “孤独；寂寞”，能作定语和表语。如：When she is alone, she feels lonely.剩下她一人时她就感到寂寞。【辨析】alone和onlyalone, only均可表“只有”，但alone须置于被修饰词之后，only往往置于被修饰词前。如：He alone can remember the story.只有他才能记起这段经历。（=Only he can remember the story.) 【辨析】altogether 和 all togetheraltogether“完全”（=entirely)或“总的说来”（=on the whole)如：He was not altogether satisfied.他不完全满意。Altogether, he was satisfied.总的说来，他是满意的。all together“一起”或“总共”如：Lets sing the song all together.我们一起唱歌吧。All together fifty people have registered.总共有五十个人登记了。17、although aoj.尽管【辨析】although，though 和 as三者均可表示“尽管；虽然”，引导让步状语从句。although用法较正式，语气较强；though较常用； as则主要用于倒装句。它们的用法有如下几点值得注意：(1) 状语从句由although, though或as引导，主句之前不可有but, and, so, however等并列连词，但可 有yet或still等副词。although与though常可互换。如：Although/Though he believes it, yet he will not act.他虽然相信它，但却不肯有所行动。学位英语复习资料学位英语复习资料(2) as表示“尽管；虽然”只能用于倒装句，即：将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前。though也可这么用。如：Young as/though he is, he knows a lot.他虽然年纪不大，却懂得很多。注意：如果表语是单数名词，要省略 a。如：Child as/though he is, he can speak two foreign languages.虽然他是个孩子，但他会说两门外语。(3) though可以放在句末，表示“但是” although却不能。如：They said they would come; they did not, though.他们说他们会来，可是他们并没有来。(4) although只用来陈述“事实，不能表示“假设，。因此可以说even though “即使，以及as though “好像(=as if)” 不能说 even although 或 as although。如：I believe you are on duty-even though youre in plain clothes.尽管你穿着便衣，我相信你是在值勤。18、amaze vf.使（某人）惊讶【短语】be amazed at对感到惊奇 【辨析】amaze和amuse(1) amaze 使某人惊讶。如：I am amazed at his excellent performance at the party last night.(2) amuse 给某人以娱乐。如：I bought some books to amuse myself on the train.例（1) When he was set free after twenty years in prison he was amazed A the changes he found.A. at B. in C. on D. to解析句意：入狱二十年后被释放时，他惊讶于这个世界的变化。beamazedat “对感到惊奇”。(2) Life on earth is A varied and complex.A. amazingly B. amusedly C. amazedly D. amusingly 解析句意：地球上的物种复杂多变的令人惊讶。19、among prep.在中间 【辨析】among和between：(1) among在中间（三者或三者以上之间）。如：Our house is hidden among trees.(2) between在两者之间。20、answer a/v 回答【用法】及物动词，但在作名词时要与介词to搭配，answer to的答案 【辨析】answer, reply和respond：用作动词，都可表“回答，答复”。(1) answer是常用词，后可接letter (回信），question (回答问题），doorbell (开门），telephone (接电话）, advertisement (应征广告）等。(2) rep丨y意为“回复”，较正式，只作不及物动词，可与to连用。如：Hehasrepliedtomyletter.我的信件他进行了恢复。(3) respond 意为“回应”，用得较少，也同 to 搭配。如：Hequicklyrespondedtothequestion.他很快就回答了问题。另外，respond还可表“对反应，响应”。21、apply vf./w:申请，运用，应用【辨析】apply:or 和 apply.toapply for“申请，请求”，如：I want to apply for the position.我想申请这个职位。applyto“把应用到 应用于实践。，如：We should apply a theory to practice.我们应当把理论22、arise w:出现，发生，起源于【辨析】arise, rise, raise, arouse 和 rousearisew/.起源于（和from连用），出现如：Accidents usually arise from carelessness.车祸通常源于粗心。risew/.上升如：Black smoke rose from the chimney.黑烟从烟筒中冒出。raiseW:举起如：He is too weak to raise the heavy box.他身体虚弱，举不起这个重盒子。arouseW：引起，导致如：His behavior aroused the interest of the neighbors.他的行为引起了邻居的兴趣。rousewf唤醒8如：My mother will rouse me from my sleep every morning.妈妈每天叫我起床。例（1) The problem has C simply because you didn5t follow my instruction. (1992)A. raised B. risen C. arisen D. aroused 解析句意：问题己经出现了，仅仅因为你没有遵循我的指导。(2) Problems will B if you do it this way.A. rise B. ariseC. raise D. arouse解析句意：如果你这样做事，将会出问题。(3) Voices were Bas the argument between the two motorists(司机）became more bad-tempered.A. spoken B. raised C. developed D. increased解析句意：随着两个司机的争吵愈演愈烈，双方都提高了嗓门。raise(=liftup)onesvoice提高嗓门， 高声叫喊。(4) Though A in San Francisco, Dave Mitchell had always preferred to record the plain facts of small-town life.A. raised B. grown C. developed D. cultivated 解析句意：尽管在旧金山长大，但戴夫米切尔总是愿意把小镇生活中平凡的事情记载下来。本句中 Though raised in San Francisco 是省略的让步状语从句。raise (= bring up)抚养；grow 种植；cultivate 耕作；培养（友谊等）。(5) The story of the homeless orphan(孤儿）has A sympathy from the public.A. aroused B. attracted C. defended D. adopted解析句意：无家可归的孤儿的故事唤起公众的同情。23、 as aaV.同样地，一样地；prep.作为；a?/7/像样【辨析】as (so) far as 和 as (so) long as(1) as (so) far as的意思是“就而言（所知）”如：As far as I know, more than 10 million laid-off workers(下岗工人)have found their new jobs.就我所知，一千多万下岗工人己经找到了新的工作。as (so) far as sth. is concerned是其中一种具体用法，意为“就某事而言”。如：As far as the tourism of China is concerned, there is a long way to go.就中国的旅游业而言，需要做的工作还很多。(2) as (so) long as意为“只要”，引导条件状语从句。如：There is nothing that we cant do so/as long as we keep on trying to do it.只要我们不断地努力去做，就没有什么事干不成。例 C we need air and water, so we need criticism and self-criticism.A. Even though B. So long asC. Just asD. Now that解析句意：正如需要空气和水，我们还需要批评和自我批评。eventhough “即使”；so longas “只要”； just as “正如”；now that “既然”。24、assist vf.帮助，协助【短语】assist sb. in doing sth.帮助某人做某事 助记词根sist = stand (站立）【辨析】assist, consist, insist 和 persist(1) assist帮助（其原意为站在一旁，搀扶）。(2) consist由组成，构成；包括，包含（常与of连用）常用短语：consist of 由组成，包括如：Indonesia consist of more than 7000 islands.印度尼西亚由 7000 多个岛屿组成。=Indonesia is made up of more than 7000 islands.=Indonesia is composed of more than 7000 islands.(3) insist坚持，坚持认为；坚决要求；一定要。后面可接介词on 常用短语：insist on坚决要求；也可直接连用that引导的名词从句。如：He insisted on my going there with him.He insisted that I should go there with him.他坚决要求我跟他一起去。25、persist v坚持，固执常用短语：persist in (doing) sth.坚持做某事 学位英语复习资料如：The kind nurse persisted in reading books to the boys in the hospital.善良的护士坚持不懈的给医院的孩子们读故事书。26、resist k反对，抵制例He D the temptation to buy a coat that he could not afford.A.challenged B.obstructed C.contradicted D.resisted 解析句意：她不受诱惑，不去买她买不起的外衣。resist此处意指(=keep oneselfbackfrom)“忍住” resist temptation 不受诱惑，afford 买得起。27、assume k (毫无根据地）认为，臆断 助记词根sume = take (带走)【辨析】assume, consume 和 resume(1) assume (毫无根据地）认为，臆断如：I assume that you have gone.我以为你己经走了。(2) consume vf.消耗，消费，用掉如：She consumes much of her time in studying.她把很多时间用在学习上。(3) resume vf恢复，重新开始如：Negotiations are expected to be resumed soon.预期不久就能恢复谈判。例（1) In Shanghai, people Cthousand tons of watermelon every summer.A. swallow B. eat C. consumeD. exhaust解析句意：在上海，每年夏天人们消耗成千上万吨的西瓜。swallow吞咽；eat吃；exhaust筋疲力 尽。(2) Since we are unable to finish the task in the morning. Let5s stop now and B working at 3 oclock in the afternoon.A. assume B. resumeC. consume D. repeat解析句意：既然我们上午没法完成任务，现在收工，下午三点再复工。28、assure vf保证，使确信 【辨析】assure, ensure和 insure(1) assure “使（某人）确信”一般用作：assure sb. of sth.或者assure sb. that.，后面不能直接跟 that从句。如：He assured me that it was true.他让我相信这件事是真的。(2) ensure “保证”后面可以接双宾语，也可以接that从句。如：We cant ensure you a good post.我们不能保证给你个好的职位。(3) insure “给上保险”如：My house is insured against fire.我的房子保了火险。29、attend k出席，照顾，注意，留意，专心于【用法】表示参加，后面经常加上 meeting, lecture, conference, class, school, wedding, funeral 等词。 【注意】attend to可以表示处理、照料等。【辨析】attend, extend, intend 和 tend：(1) tend：倾向，易于。常用短语：tend to do 易于如：He tends to catch cold in winter.他在冬天的时候很容易感冒。(2) attend：参加。如：When I was 18 years old, I attended college.我十八岁的时候上了大学。(3) extend：延伸，扩展。如：The river extends eastward. 这条小河向东延伸。(4) intend：想要，打算。如：What do you intend to do next? 下一步你打算做什么？30、attribute vf 把归于【搭配】attribute.to.把归于词根tribute：贡物、礼物 【辨析】attribute, distribute 和 contribute (1) attribute：把归于。如：Tom attributed his failure to bad luck.汤姆把他的失败归因于坏的运气。(2) distribute:分发。如：The Red Cross distributes the blanket to the victims of the flood-striken area.红十字会把毛毯发给洪水灾区的灾民们。(3) contribute:捐助，捐献。常用短语：contribute to导致，有助于如：His carelessness contributed to the car crash(车祸).他的粗心导致了车祸。31、await k 等待 【辨析】await和waitawait是及物动词。如：I await your further instructions.我等待着你进一步的指示。 wait: “等、等候”是不及物动词，后常接介词for。如：I will wait for you at the school gate.我会在大门口等你。32、 award vf.授予（奖品，奖金等）；奖金，奖品 【辨析】award和rewardaward意为“授予（奖品，奖金等）”，后面可跟双宾语。可用作award a prize to sb.或者award sb. sth. reward意为“报酬，酬谢”只能跟人或以人的行为作宾语。可用作reward sb. with sth.以某物酬谢 某人。例（1) She was A the top prize in the competition.A. awarded B. rewarded C. received D. accepted解析句意：她在竞赛中获得一等奖。receive “收到” accept “接受”(2) Such noble deeds of the doctors and nurses can5t be only A with money.A. rewarded B. awarded C. praised D. valued解析句意：医生和护士的高尚行为不能仅仅用金钱来报答。praise “表扬” value “评价，重视”(3) A university is an educational institution which B degrees and carries out research.A. rewardsB. awardsC. grantsD. presents解析句意：大学是授予学位和进行研究的教育机构。grant (= consent to give or allow what is asked for) 同意（给予），答应（请求），如：The firm granted him a pension.公司同意给予他退休金。present sb. with sth.赠送，如：Our class presented the school with a picture.我们班给学校送了一幅幽。(4) Although social work does not aim at(为了，目的是）gaining profits, people usually find it D in other ways.A. payable B. worth C. grateful D. rewarding 解析句意：虽然社会工作不是为了获取利益，但人们通常发现会有其它方式的回报。payable可支 付的，可获利的；worth值得的；grateful感激的；rewarding值得的；有报酬的，报答的。(5) It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to D .A. awardsB. resultsC. prizesD. rewards解析句意：人们普遍认为小孩学东西是因为他们的某种行为是有回报的。33、 bear vf承受；承担；忍受；经得起如：You should bear responsibility(承担责任)for what you did.你应当为你的所作所为负责。【辨析】bear, endure, stand 和 put up with bear = stand，put up with忍受，容忍（多指忍受疼痛或麻烦等）如：I cant bear it. endure也是忍受，容忍的意思，但多表示忍受困难痛苦等。34、 beat vf打败；w:心跳【用法】表示打败某人，或连续不断地击打某物。【注意】heart beat表示心跳。【辨析】beat和winbeat表在比赛和战斗中打败对手，后接对手作宾语。（beat sb.) win作及物动词时，其宾语为游戏、比赛、战斗、奖金等名词。如：He has won the race.他赢得了赛跑的胜利。例（1) When the Greeks had C the Persians, a soldier ran from Marathon to Athens.A. won B. bitten C. beaten D. hit解析句意：希腊人打败波斯人后，一位士兵从马拉松跑回雅典去报信。hit击，击中：hit aman on the head (打在人的头上）。strike(= hit ,give a blow at blows to)打，击。strike a man on the chin (打在某人 的下巴上）。win赢得，用作此义时，后不能接某人，可以说win a match, a victory, the first prize等。(2) The room was so quiet that she could hear the B of her heart.A. hitting B. beating C. tapping D. knocking 解析句意：房间里如此安静，以至于可以听到她的心跳声。beating此处是动名词，指“心跳”35、before ?/7).在之前【注意】It be + 段时间+ before.在该句型中，主句时态只有将来时态和一般过去时态。【辨析】before long 和 long before(1) before long = soon，表示“不久以后”如：I hope you will be back before long.我希望你不久就回来。(2) long before = long time ago 很久以前。如：I saw that American film long before.我很久以前就看过那部美国电影了。有时丨ong before后面可以跟一个句子，这时候before是连词，引出一句时间状语，表示“在前很久”的意思。如：He had been a party member long befor