初中英语语法_代词(新)

初中英语语法之 代词篇 代词的分类人称代词物主代词反身代词不定代词指示代词疑问代词 人称代词 人称代词代替人和事物的名称 分为主格和宾格两种形式 1 人称代词作主语时用主格 作宾语时用宾格Theyalllikehimverymuch 他们都很喜欢他 Shegavethebookstoyouandme 这些书是她送给你和我的 2 人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 You sheandIallenjoythemusic 你我她都喜欢音乐 She的用法 she可以用来代表国家 船只 大地 月亮等Weloveourmotherland wehopeshe llbestrongerandbigger 我们热爱我们的祖国 我们希望她更强大 Theshipisleaving She sonherfirsttriptoBoston 轮船要起航了 这是她第一次去波士顿 It的用法 1 it作为人称代词时 可以表示天气 距离 时间 环境等What theweatherliketoday It swindy 今天的天气怎么样 有风 It saboutfiveminutes walkfromhometoschool 从家到学校的路程大约5分钟 2 it可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人 whoisthepersonoverthere Itistheheadteacher 3 it可作为形式主语 将不定式 动名词等构成的主语后移 使句子显得平稳It shardtoreachtheapples 很难够到苹果 It sgoodforyoutakingawalkaftersupper 对你来说饭后散步是有好处的 1 Whoisknockingatthedoor Idon tknow Iwaslyinginthebedandjustaskwho was A heB sheC it2 Ican tfindmyhat Idon tknowwhereIput A oneB itC that3 Ican tfindmyhat IthinkImustbuy A itB oneC that 固定句型1 做某事情对某人来说是 Itis adj forsb todosth Itishardformetodothiswork 2 轮到某人做 It sone sturntodosth It syourturntocleantheroom 3 是 某人 做某事的时候了It stime forsb todosth It stimeforyoutodothehomework 4 据说 It ssaidthat It ssaidthatyourteacherleaveourschool 5 某人花费 做某事Ittakessb sometimetodosth 6 自从 以来 已经有 时间 了 Itis hasbeen 时段 since 从句 过去时 7 某人发现 认为 感觉到做某事是 的findsb thinkfeel it adj todo Ifound verydifficulttomakeprogressinmystudy A it sB itC that2 It myfatherawholemonthtogoonbusiness A spentB costC took3 Itisgreatfun surfingontheInternet A goB togoC going 二 物主代词 my our your your his her its their mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 2 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系 形容词性物主代词 名词 名词性物主代词注意 名词性物主代词在句中所指代的关系是单数还是复数 Thesebooksaren tours Oursarenew ourbooks ours Thisisnotourroom Oursisoverthere ourroom ours 2 of 名词性物主代词 表示所属Asisterofhisisanurse 他的一个妹妹是个护士 Tomisafriendofmine我的一个朋友 1 Sheisafriendof A myB mineC I2 Thisisn tmypen itis A herB hisC him3 Frankcan tfind dictionary Canyoulend to A her mine herB yours heC his yours him 4 schoolismuchbiggerthan A Our theirB Ours theirsC Our theirs5 Thedogissopoorbecause legisbadlyhurt A itB itsC it s myself ourselves yourself yourselves himself themselves herself itself 反身代词 1 反身代词常见固定搭配过得愉快自学请随便吃 自言自语独自为自己不要客气陶醉 沉浸于自己穿衣服照顾自己 enjoyoneselfteach learnoneselfsth helponeselftosth saytooneselfbyoneselfforoneselfmakeoneselfathomeloseoneselfin dressoneselflookafteroneself 注意 oneself有单复数之分 Ienjoymyself Children helpyourselvestosomefish Themanisrich hecanbuy alotofthings A heB hisC himself2 Whatalovelycard Wheredidyoubuyit Imadeitby A meB myselfC itself3 Help tosomechicken mymothersaidtotheguests A yourselfB yourselvesC your 不定代词不是指明代替特定名词 或形容词 的代词all each every both either neithernone one little few many muchother another some any no由some any no every等构成的合成代词 几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词1 some anysome 一些 某 一般用于肯定句中Therearesomeflowersinfrontofthehouse any 一些 任何 多用于疑问句和否定句Doyouhaveanypicture books 注意 some有时也可用于表示请求 征求意见的疑问句中Wouldyoulikesomemeat 你想要些肉吗 MayIasksomequestions 我可以问问题吗 CouldIhavesomeapples 我可以吃苹果吗 Willyougivemesomewater 你能给我些水吗 2 many muchmany修饰或指代复数名词Therearemanyeggsinthebasket Manyofuslikeplayinggames much修饰或指代不可数名词Hedoesn tknowmuchEnglish 3 another otheranother泛指三个或三个以上中的另一个Idon twantthiscoat Pleaseshowmeanother other后面接名词 泛指别的 其他的Doyouhaveanyotherquestions 4 theother others theotherstheother1 特指两个中的另一个Hehastwosons Oneisaworker theotherisadoctor 2 修饰名词 特指另一个 另一些Tomlikesswimming andtheotherboysinhisclasslikeswimming too others泛指其他的人或物Heoftenhelpsothers Someareplayingbasketball othersareplayingfootball theothers特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物Therearefiftystudentsinourclass Twentyofthemaregirls theothersareboys 5 few afew little alittlefew afew修饰可数名词little alittle修饰不可数名词few little表示否定意义 译为 没有几个 没有多少 afew alittle表示肯定意义 译为 有几个 有一点 Althoughallthegirlshavetriedtheirbest only passtheexam A fewB afewC alittle2 Don tworry Thereis timeleft A littleB alittleC few3 Youaresogreat peopleintheschoolcandoit A AlittleB LittleC Few 6 every eachevery 单数名词 表示 每一个 强调共性 整体 只作定语 形式上为单数 不与of连用Everychildlikesplayinggames each表示 每一个 强调个性 作定语主语 宾语和同位语 常与of连用Eachstudentwasaskedtotryagain Eachofthemhasaniceskirt eachevery Igavethem anapple A everyB eachC eachof Thereisalineoftreeson sideofthestreet A everyB eachC both Shegoesshopping fivedays A everyB eachC eachof 他隔天来这里 Hecamehere day everyother 7 all noneall 全部 都 表示三者或三者以上 作同位语时 一般放在连系动词 助动词之后 行为动词之前WeareallfromCanada TheyalllikeEnglish none 没有 表示三者或三者以上都不 后常跟介词of 谓语动词单 复数均可 Noneofusis areafraidofdogs nonenoone Howmanypeoplearethereintheroom A NoneB NooneC Lucy Whoisintheroom A NoneB NooneC one Noneofthem China A comefromB isfromC iscomefrom 8 both either neitherboth 两者 都 作主语时看作复数 作定语时后跟名词复数Myparentsarebothteachers Bothofmyparentsareteachers neither 两者 都不 含有否定意义 作主语时谓语用第三人称单数 作定语时后跟名词单数Neitheranswerisright either 两者中任何一个 作主语时谓语用第三人称单数 作定语时后跟名词单数Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet Therearetreesonbothsidesofthestreet 有关词组及应用bothof eitherof neitherofBothofthemswimwell 他们俩都游得很好 EitherofyougoestoBeijing 你们俩随便谁去北京都可以 Neitherofthemstoppedtohavearest 他们俩谁都不停下来休息 ofthegirls him Theyaskedhimfornamecard A Neither knowB Either knowC Neither knows Bothofhisparents teachers A isB areC was Bothofhisbrothers inthishospital butneitherofthem adoctor A works isB work isC work are eitherneitherboth both and 谓语动词用复数形式 either or neither nor 谓语动词遵循就近原则 BothTomandLucyareinGradeTwo Tom和Lucy都在二年级 Eithermyfatherormymothercooksathome 或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭 NeitherhenorIamfreetoday 我和他今天都没空 eitherneitherboth EitherTomorthetwins thewaytotheshop A knowB knowsC finds NeitheryounorI ascientist A isB areC am BothTomandMary hard A studiesB studyC studying ThestudentsareallfromFoshan They liketheircity A bothB allC eitherLucyandLily agreewithus A allB bothC neitherHowareyourparents Theyare fine A bothB allC no 9 Something anything nothingSomebody anybody nobody当形容词修饰这些不定代词时 常后置Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou Isthereanythingelseinthebox Nobodycananswerthequestion 1 Doyouhave todothisevening A importantsomethingB anythingimportantC somethingimportant2 iswatchingTV Let sturnitoff A SomebodyB AnybodyC Nobody3 Wouldyoulike Icangetitforyou A somethingelseB anythingelseC everythingelse oneit Theboxisinthemiddleoftheroom Move away A itB oneC Ihavelostmypen Ihavetobuy A oneB itC Howniceyourbagis Iwanttobuy A itB oneC one同类不同件 it同类同件 指示代词表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括 this that 单数 these those 复数 1 this these指在方位上较近的人或物that those指在方位上较远的人或物Thisismyshirt that syours TheseTVsaremadeinChina thosearemadeinJapan 2 that those常指前面提过的东西 以免重复 Theseboxesareheavierthanthoseonthedesk 3 刚才提到的事情 在英文中用that Hewasillyesterday I msorrytohearthat 四 指示代词 ThepopulationofShanghaiislargerthan ofJinan A thatB thisC it TheradiosmadeinBeijingareasgoodas madeinQingdao A thatB theseC those WhatIwanttotellyouis thefilmwillbeateight A itB thisC that 疑问代词用来构成特殊疑问句的代词常见有 whowhomwhosewhatwhich通常做主语 宾语 定语 表语Whatmakesyouthinklikethat 做主语 Who Whom wereyoutalkingwith 做宾语 WhichbusdoIneed 做定语 What syourfather 做表语 注意 在口语中 Who和Whom通用 但在介词后只能用WhomWithwhomdidheplaygames Withwhodidheplaygames 错 2008年广东省汕头市 一Isthat dog No iswhite A his HisB her ItisC he HisD her Her 中考考什么 D 重庆市2008年 WelikeMr Greenbecauseheoftentells funnystoriesinclass A weB usC ourD ours B 重庆市2008年 Whenshallwegotothemuseum thisafternoonortomorrowmorning isOK I mfreethesedays A BothB AllC EitherD Neither C 2008年天津市 Is here No JohnandBobhaveaskedforleave A nobodyB anybodyC somebodyD everybody D Tryitout 1Isthisyourfootball boys No itisnot A yoursB ourC mineD ours 2Thebirdbuilds nestinthetree A herB itsC it sD hers 3Themathsproblem iswrong A himselfB heC itselfD herself D B C 4 wanttoseethefilm AEverystudentBEachstudentCAllofstudentsDAllthestudents 5Alotofpeoplehavetried but havesucceeded A thefewB afewC fewD little 6 ofthefourroadswilltakeyoutothehospital A BothB NeitherC AnyD Either D C C 7Ihavefivepencils oneisred isblueand aregreen A another theotherB theother othersC others theothersD another theothers 8Ihavefound ontheInternet A afewinformationsB alittleinformationsC afewinformationD alittleinformation D D 9IhaveChemistryclasses day Monday WednesdayandFriday A eachotherB everyotherC thisandotherD allother 10 isthemanunderthetree Jim sfather A WhenB WhatC WhereD Who B D 课堂达标 11 Thisstickis A himB heC his12 Hei