现代大学英语精读5 Lesson 5 love is a fallacy.ppt

讲课人 苏安梅 华南农业大学外国语学院 Loveisafallacy MaxShulman 讲课人 苏安梅 pre readingquestions whatdoesthenarratorthinkabouthimself Toexchangeforthegirlhewanted whatdidhehavetogive IsPollyaperfectcandidateforhisfuturewife HowdidhislessononlogicworkwithPolly DidhesucceedinwinningPolly Whynot 讲课人 苏安梅 Onlove Iftogiveanindividualdefinitiontolove whatwillyourdefinitionbe 华南农业大学外国语学院 MaxShulman AffairsofDobieGillis 1953 讲课人 苏安梅 Author snote WhatdoestheauthorthinkofhisownessaycomparedtothoseoftheCharlesLamb s Whatisthisessaylikeaccordingtotheauthor AndcomparedwiththosewrittenbyCarlyleandRuskin 华南农业大学外国语学院 CharlesLamb CharlesLamb 1775 1834 wasanEnglishessayist bestknownforhisEssaysofElia Eliawashispenname andforthechildren sbookTalesfromShakespeare whichheproducedalongwithhissister MaryLamb 华南农业大学外国语学院 ThomasCarlyle 1795 1881 BritishhistorianandessayistTheFrenchRevolution 1837 OnHeroes HeroWorshipandtheHeroicinHistory 1841 andPastandPresent 1843 华南农业大学外国语学院 JohnRuskin 1819 1900 artist scientist poet environmentalist philosopher andthepre eminentartcriticofhistime thatlogic farfrombeingadry passion andtrauma Metaphorandhyperbole It sametaphorcomparinglogictoalivinghumanbeing Itisahyperbolebecauseitexaggeratesforthesakeofeffect Logicisnotatalladry learnedbranchoflearning Itislikealivinghumanbeing fullofbeauty passionandpainfulemotionalshocks Hyperbole Afigureofspeechwiththedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis Eg Hamlet IloveOphelia fortythousandbrotherscouldnot withalltheirquantityoflove makeupmysum Shakespeare HamletIBMThinkPad Wheretheworld smostinnovativepeoplechoosetothink 2003Ad Wordsandexpressions MonthofSundays alongtimeTounfetterMemorableLimp flaccid spongyWithoutdoubtFarfrom notatallDisciplineTrauma Paras4 6coolIVsdumbPetey Whatdoes I thinkofhimself Isitcommontohavea18 year oldsobrilliant accordingtohimself Whatdoesthenarratorthinkofhisroommate Petey comparingtohimself WhydoesheconsiderPeteydumbasanox Keen calculating Iwasallofthese Keen calculating perspicacious acuteandastuteallrefertounusualmentalagilityorperceptiveness Keensuggestsavigorousandforcefulabilitytograpplewithcomplexorobscureproblems e g akeenmindfordistinctions Sometimesbyanalogywithgoodvision thewordmaysuggestanabilitytoobservedetailsandseethemaspartofalargerpattern e g akeenunderstandingoftheproblemsfacingtheconservationmovement Acutesuggestsafinesensitivityorreceptivitytonuancesthatmightescapeothers e g anacuteawarenessoftheslightestambiguityineachstatementmadebyhisopponent itmightalsoimplyahigh keyedstateofnervousattentionthatisnotsustainableforlong e g anacutealertness heightenedbythestrangesilenceintheenemytrenches Astutesuggestsathoroughandprofoundunderstanding stemmingfromascholarlyorexperiencedmindthatisinfullcommandofagivenfield e g anastuteassessmentofthestrengthsandweaknessoftheplansforreorganizingthedepartment anastuteevaluationofthegapsonourknowledgeofhowlifeevolved Perspicaciousisthemostformalofthesewords itstressesintensityofperception e g aperspicaciousremarkthatilluminatedthewholeproblemforallofthem Calculatingmeansshrewdorcunning Mybrainwasaspowerfulasadynamo ascalpel SimileandHyperboleThenarratoruse3similestopraisehimself whichshowshispomposity Hyperbole Afigureofspeechwiththedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis Eg Hamlet IloveOphelia fortythousandbrotherscouldnot withalltheirquantityoflove makeupmysum Shakespeare HamletIBMThinkPad Wheretheworld smostinnovativepeoplechoosetothink 2003Ad Sameage samebackground butdumbasanox Ellipsis HeandIarethesameageandhavethesamebackgroundbutheisasdumbasox Theuseofellipticalsentences togetherwithshortsentencesanddasheshelpmaintainthespeedofthenarration dumbasanox Simile asstupidasanox verystupid ThiskindofsimilereflectsdifferencesinculturebecausetheChinesewouldnotconsideranoxdumbbutwouldlinkdumbnesstoadonkey nothingupstairs nothingupstairs Americanslang empty headed anitwitThecorrespondingBritishslangis unfurnishedintheupperstorey Fads negationofreason Ibelievefollowingpassingcrazesshowsacompletelackofsoundjudgment Submit toofferasanopinion suggest proposeVerynegation thecomplete absolute lackoroppositeofsomepositivecharacterorqualityReason soundthoughtorjudgment goodsense Wordsandexpressions keen calculating perspicaciousAcuteandastuteAgiantintellectDumbasanoxNothingupstairsImpressionableTosweepaway tobesweptawayTosurrenderoneselfto Theacmeof Paras7 59thedeal I camebacktothedormitorytofindpeteyalldepressed Why Whydoeshewanttohavearaccooncoatsobadly WithwhatpurposedidIhelphimtogetthecoat whatkindofgirlwasPolly WheredidIgetthecoat 华南农业大学外国语学院 Raccoonandraccooncoat Shewas tobesure agirlwhoexcitedtheemotions Shewasbeautifulandattractiveenoughtoarousethedesiresandpassionsofmen ButIwasnotone entirelycerebralreason butIwouldnotletfeelingsoremotionsgettheupperhandofreasonorgoodsense I mguidedinmyactionsbyreasonandgoodsenseandnotbyfeelingsandemotions toletmyheartrulemyhead metonymy Heart standsfor feelingsandemotions and head for reasonandgoodsense shrewd clever sharpinpracticalaffairscalculated undertakenoracceptedaftertheprobableresultshavebeenestimatedcerebral humorous requiringtheuseoftheintellect intellectualratherthanemotional Withoneomission Pollyfittedthespecificationsperfectly Specification usu plural astatementorenumerationofparticulars astoactualorrequiredsize quality performance terms etc Noticetheuseof specifications Thenarratorwantedtosoundexactlylikesomebodytalkingaboutaseriousbusinesstransaction Pin up Americancolloquialism designatingagirlwhosesexualattractivenessmakesherasubjectforthekindofpicturesoftenpinneduponwallsproportion lines shapesofthebodysupplythelack supplywhatiswantingHeimpliesthattimewillgiveheraperfectfigure Buthedeliberatelyavoidsusingthoseexplicitwordsdescribingfemalephysicalattractions Shealreadyhadthemakings Makings thematerialorqualitiesneededforthemakingordevelopmentofsomethingShealreadyhadallthephysicalqualitiesneededfordevelopingintoaverybeautifulwoman Carriage bearing poise Synonymous bearing inthecontext denotesmannerofcarryingorconductingoneselfandreferstocharacteristicphysicalandmentalposture Carriage alsoappliestoposture specificallystressesthephysicalaspectsofaperson sbearing e g anerectcarriage potroast meat usuallyalargecutofbeef cookedinonepiecebybraisingwithoutevengettingherfingersmoist showingherdaintyandrefinedtablemanner Herfingersdidn tevengetslightlywet Theimpliedhumoristhatthewomanhadanusuallygoodappetite Shewolfeddowneverything Infactsheveeredintheoppositedirection veer tochangedirection toshift toturnorswingaround Infact shewentintheoppositedirection Thisisasarcasticwayofsayingthatshewasratherstupid Imeanareyougoingsteadyoranythinglikethat togosteady Americancolloquialism todatesomeoneoftheoppositesexregularlyandexclusively besweetheartsImeanareyoutwosweethearts Isaidwithamysteriouswink Atransferredepithet Hesaidmysteriouslywithawink thewinkwasnotmysterious 华南农业大学外国语学院 StutzBearcat斯图兹勇士 Hewasatornman Hewasagitatedandtormented notknowingwhatwastherightthingtodo Thenheturnedawayandsethisjawresolutely Sethisjaw heputhisjawinafixedorrigidposition Thisactionshowshisfixed unyieldingdetermination hejuststoodandstaredwithmadlustathecoat Hyperbole It sanexaggerationtodescribehislongingforthecoatas madlust Hestoodthere lookingwithgreatlongingatthecoat Madlust frantic insane overmasteringdesire It sjustbeenacasualkick justafewlaughs that sall Casualkick Americanslang anoccasionalpleasure acasualrelationship apassingaffair notaserouscommitmentAfinalreasonthateasesPetey sconscience Weoccasionallywentoutforabitoffun that sall Wordsandexpressions Incredulous incredibleBeintheswimItsohappenedthat TocovetTosmartenupReverentTosetone sjawTogosteadywithsb Paras60 61thefirstdate Howdidthenarrator sfirstdategowithPolly FromthelanguagePollyused whatkindofgirlisshe WithPolly sdishearteningstupidity didthenarratorintendtogiveherup Polly slanguage ThewriterdeliberatelymakesPollyusealotofexclamatorywordslike Gee O wow dow andclippedvulgarformslike delish marvy sensaysh etc tocreatetheimpressionofasimpleandratherstupidgirl Polly slanguagestronglycontrastswiththatofthenarrator s thusincreasingtheforceofsatireandirony LanguageinPara61 Formal ThenarratorfeltdepressedafterthefirstdatewithPolly Tobringthisfeelingout andtocreateahumorouseffect thewriterusesformalphrasessuchas withaheavyheart gravelyunderestimatedthesizeofthetask lackofinformation aprojectofnosmalldimensions etc Thisloomedasaprojectofnosmalldimensions Toteachhertothinkappearedtobeaveybigtask andatfirstIeventhoughtofgivingherbacktopetey Nosmalldimensions understatementorlitotes Understatement Litotes meiosis afigureofspeechwithdeliberateuseofunderstatingafact impressingthelistenerorthereadermorebywhatismereimpliedorleftunsaidthanbybarestatement Litotes understatementbytheuseofnegativeHewasamanofnomeanwealth It snolaughingmatter Meiosis understatementwithouttheuseofnegation ButthenIgottothinkaboutherabundantphysicalcharms knifeandfork Thewaysheenteredaroom hercarriageandpoiseofbearingThewayshehandledaknifeandfork herrefinedtablemannersInthissentence thenarratorrecapitulatesPolly sgoodpointsorthosequalitieswhichmadehimchoosePollyashisprospectivewife Wordsandexpressions AheavyheartBetemptedtoAbundant Paras62 98thefirstlogiclesson WhydidthenarratorwanttoteachPollylogic DidthefirstlogiclessongoverywellwithPolly Was I readytogiveupyet youwouldgofartofindanothersoagreeable It snotthateasytofindagirlsoagreeable Itwillbebetterifyoustoptuggingmysleeves Itwillbebetter arequestshowingdispleasureIt squitebrusqueforthenarratortosaythingstoPollyinthisway showinghisdisrespectforPolly Iwasgettingnowherewiththisgirl Getnowhere tomakenoprogress accomplishnothing Iwasmakingnoprogresswiththisgirl Thisgirlsimplyhadalogic proofhead proof resistantto unaffectedby E g logic proof fireproof waterproof etc Pollyhadaheadthatwasresistanttologic Whoknew Arhetoricalquestion expressingsomedoubtorsomehope HemightsucceedinteachingPollysomelogic Nobodycouldtellforsure Maybesomewhereinthe afewembersstillsmoldered MparingPolly smindtotheextinctcraterofavolcane and embers tosomesparksofintelligence PerhapsthereisstillsomeintelligenceleftinPolly sempty orstupid mind 也许在她死火山般的脑袋里 还有一点余火仍在闪烁冒烟 Admittedlyitwasnotaprospectfraughtwithhope Admittedly bygeneraladmission everyonewilladmitthat Tobefraughtwith tobefilled charged orloadedwithOnemustadmitthattheoutcomedoesnotlookveryhopeful Wordsandexpressions Haveallthefactsatone sfingertipsTrystingplaceEarnestlyItwillbebetterif ExasperationToplungeaheadTobefraughtwith Paras99 123thesecondlogiclesson DidthenarratorfinallysucceedtomakePollyunderstandsomelogiconthesecondlogiclesson itjustknockedmeout Knock oneself out Americanslang toelicitenthusiasmoranemotionalresponse especiallydeepsympathyorlaughterIwasexcitedandfilledwithpleasurebythemovie ThatWalterPidgeonissodreamy That adjective designatingsomeonenotdescribedbutwellknownoreasilyrecognizable Dreamy Americanslang ageneraltermofapproval excellent wonderful delightful etc Thatwell knownactorWalterPidgeonissowonderful Thereisalimittowhatfleshandbloodcanbear Fleshandblood synecdoche materialforthethingmadeThereisalimittowhatanyhumanbeingcanbear Poisoningthewell Thelogicalfallacy adhominem orspeaking againsttheman ratherthantotheissue Thewritercompares thepersonalattackonapersonholdingsomethesis to poisoningthewell ametaphor Iwatchedhercloselyassheknit inconcentration Knitthebrow todrawthebrowstogether aswhenthinkingveryhard Creamy soft whitecolor ofPolly scomplexion Iwatchedherasshethoughtveryhard aglimmerofintelligence cameintohereyes Aglimmerofintelligence 一丝智慧的闪光FromhereyesIcouldseethatforthefirsttimeshewasbeginningtounderstandtheproblem withanairywaveofherhand Shewavedherhandinavivaciousorgaymanner Thisshowedthatshewaspleasedwiththepraiseshereceivedfromherboyfriend OverandoverandoveragainI withoutlet up Tohammeraway at tokeepemphasizingortalkingaboutLet up stopping relaxingOverandoveragainIgaveexamplesandpointedoutthelogicalmistakesinvolved Ikeptemphasizingallthiswithoutstopping Wordsandexpressions ToappealtosthBlubberBriefToknockoneselfoutHamstring tohamstringTohammerawayat Topersist Para124 theproposal DidthenarratorlovePolly HowdidPollyrespondtothenarrator sargumentsforgoingsteadywithher Whydidherejecthim IhadmadealogicianoutofPolly IhadturnedPollyintoalogician Tomakealogicianoutofpolly 把波莉培养成了逻辑学家 Shewasafitwifeforme formywell heeledchildren Mansion alarge imposinghouse statelyresidenceWell heeledchildren Americanslang rich prosperousHerethenarratordescribestherole whichhethinks awifeshouldplay Firstsheshouldbeaproperhostessofarichmanwhoownsmanymansions Inotherwordssheshouldbegoodatentertaininghisrichfriendsandclientsandthusfurtherhiscareer Second sheshouldbeagoodmotherandproperlylookafterhisrichandrosperouschildren Pygmalion Pygmalion inRomanmythology sculptorofCyprus Pygmalionhatedwomenandresolvednevertomarry Heworked however formanymonthsonastatueofabeautifulwoman andeventuallyfellmadlyinlovewithit Disconsolatebecausethestatueremainedlifelessandcouldnotrespondtohiscaresses PygmalionprayedtoVenus goddessoflove tosendhimamaidenlikehisstatue Venusansweredhisprayerbyendowingthestatuewithlife Themaiden whomPygmalioncalledGalatea returnedhisloveandborehimason Paphos fromwhomthecitysacredtoVenusreceiveditsname PygmalionbyBernardShaw Basedonclassicalmyth BernardShaw sPygmalionplaysonthecomplexbusinessofhumanrelationshipsinasocialworld PhoneticsProfessorHenryHigginstutorstheveryCockneyElizaDoolittle notonlyintherefinementofspeech butalsointherefinementofhermanner WhentheendresultproducesaveryladylikeMissDoolittle thelessonslearnedbecomemuchmorefarreaching ThesuccessfulmusicalMyFairLadywasbasedonthisBernardShawclassic Ibegyourpardon Apoliteformulaofapology disagreement etc Herethenarratorusesthispoliteformulatoexpresshissurpriseanddisbelief HedidnotknowwhattomakeofPolly sanswer Thedearchildhadlearnedherlessonswell ThisfreshmanadoptedaverypatronizingattitudetowardsPolly pattingherhandinatolerantmanner Heispatronizingnotonlyinspeechandtonebutalsoinaction Hepattedherhandinsuchawayastoshowthathewasreadytoignoresomethinghedidnotquitelike IwasnotPygmalion mymonsterhadmebythethroat Tohavesb Bythethroat attackbyseizingandsqueezingone sthroat 华南农业大学外国语学院 Frankenstein Shelley MaryWollstonecraft 1797 1851