英语写作范文.doc

牛津大学英文介绍Oxford University全文Oxford is a unique and historic institution. As the oldest English-speaking university in the world, it lays claim to eight centuries of continuous existence. There is no clear date of foundation, but teaching existed at Oxford in some form in 1096 and developed rapidly from 1167, when Henry II banned English students from attending the University of Paris.In 1188, the historian, Gerald of Wales, gave a public reading to the assembled Oxford dons and in 1190 the arrival of Emo of Friesland, the first known overseas student, initiated the Universitys tradition of international scholarship. By 1201, the University was headed by a magister scolarum Oxonie, on whom the title of Chancellor was conferred in 1214, and in 1231 the masters were recognized as a uniuersitas or corporation.In the 13th century, rioting between town and gown (students and townspeople) hastened the establishment of primitive halls of residence. These were succeeded by the first of xfords colleges or endowed houses whose architectural splendour, together with the Universitys libraries and museums, give the city its unique character. University, Balliol and Merton Colleges, established between 1249 and 1264, were the oldest.Less than a century later, Oxford had achieved eminence above every other seat of learning, and won the praises of popes, kings and sages by virtue of its antiquity, curriculum, doctrine and privileges. In 1355, Edward III paid tribute to the University for its invaluable contribution to learning; he also commented on the services rendered to the state by distinguished Oxford graduates.Oxford early on became a centre for lively controversy, with scholars involved in religious and political disputes. John Wyclif, a 14th-century Master of Balliol, campaigned for a bible in the vernacular, against the wishes of the papacy. In 1530, Henry VIII forced the University to accept his divorce from Catherine of Aragon. During the Reformation in the 16th century, the Anglican churchmen Cranmer, Latimer and Ridley were tried for heresy and burnt at the stake in Oxford. The University was Royalist in the Civil War, and Charles I held a counter-Parliament in Convocation House.In the late 17th century, the Oxford philosopher John Locke, suspected of treason, was forced to flee the country. The 18th century, when Oxford was said to have forsaken port for politics, was also an era of scientific discovery and religious revival. Edmund Halley, Professor of Geometry, predicted the return of the comet that bears his name; John and Charles Wesleys prayer meetings laid the foundations of the Methodist Society.The University assumed a leading role in the Victorian era. The Oxford Movement, led by John Henry Newman, broke from the Anglican Church in the 1840s. Twenty years later, the new University Museum was the site of a famous debate between Thomas Huxley, the champion of evolution, and Bishop Wilberforce. From 1878, academic halls were established for women, who became members of the University in 1920. Since 1974, all but one of Oxfords 39 colleges have changed their statutes to admit both men and women. St Hildas remains the only womens college.In the years since the war, Oxford has added to its humanistic core a major new research capacity in the natural and applied sciences, including medicine. In so doing, it has enhanced and strengthened its traditional role as a focus for learning and a forum for intellectual debate.StudentsThe University of Oxfords total student population numbers just over 16,100 (students in residence, 1998-9).Almost a quarter of these students are from overseas, including the countries of the European Union.More than 130 nationalities are represented among our student body.Almost 5,000 students are engaged in postgraduate work. Of these, around 3,000 are working in the arts and humanities.StaffOxfords current academic community includes 76 Fellows of the Royal Society and 105 Fellows of the British Academy. A further 97 Emeritus and Honorary College Fellows are also Fellows of the British Academy, and 142 Emeritus and Honorary College Fellows are Fellows of the Royal Society.短篇英文介绍牛津大学There are some important points to clarify that will explain why, as you browse through more of the site, its appearance and navigation are not consistent:Oxford is a collegiate University, there are 38 Colleges and 6 Permanent Private Halls. Each is independent and self-governing. Each runs and maintains its own website, each website will look different.There are four academic Divisions within the University and a fifth for Continuing Education, once more these are all self-governing and run and maintain their own websites.Under each Division are Faculties, Departments, Schools, Institutes, Foundations and Centres. Most run and maintain their own websites.All academic services, libraries, museums and collections run and maintain their own websites.Pages that are primarily about University administration are managed by Business Services and Projects.这里是牛津大学中文介绍：牛津大学历史悠久，但始建于哪一年，没有人能确切说得出来。牛津大学的创始故事颇为传神，根据当地人的说法，牛津大学创始于1167年，当时英王亨利二世下令禁止英国的神学学生到巴黎大学研究神学或宗教，因而一帮宗教学者及学生慢慢聚集于此，逐渐演变成学院的雏形。换言之，牛津大学的成立是因早期“人才外流”的问题。不过，也有资料表明它的教学活动可追溯到1096年，如果从那时算起，牛津的历史超过了900年。毫无疑问，牛津大学是现存人类历史上最早的大学之一。有的历史学家说，默顿学院(Merton College)是最早的学院;亦有人说，大学学院(University College)才是大学的滥觞。不管哪一种说法正确，都无损于今日由46个学院所组成的牛津大学在学术上的崇高地位。目前牛津大学是由三十九所学院及由教会设立的七所永久私人学院(Permanent private halls)合组而成。学院也不按专业划分，但在发展过程中，各个学院渐渐形成了各自的特点。比如，基督教堂学院(Christ Church)以浓厚的贵族气氛著称;默顿学院(Merton College)