2020年中考英语总复习 基础语法 专题一 名词试题

专题一名词学前自测（发现考点）( )1. not much of the _ is surprising in guangzhou daily today.a. ideas b. news c. opinions d. articles( )2. would you like something to drink? _, please.a. two bottle of orangeb. two bottle of orangesc. two bottles of orange d. two bottles of oranges( )3. i had _ for breakfast this morning. what about you, lily? just a piece of bread.a. some noodles b. a few noodlec. a little noodle d. a noodle( )4. when we are in trouble, we need to get _ from others.a. many money b. some advicec. many help d. some chances( )5. green represents _ and nature. when you feel weak, you can wear green.a. sadness b. purity c. joy d. energy( )6. mickey is one of the most famous _ in american _.a. symbol; culture b. symbol; culturesc. symbols; culture d. symbols; cultures( )7. spring is toms favourite _. he likes warm weather.a. holiday b. season c. fruit d. drink( )8. in autumn there are a lot of _ on the ground.a. leaf b. leafs c. leaves d. leave( )9. look! you can see many _ in the pool. and here is some _ for you to keep them.a. fish; suggestion b. fishes; advices c. fish; advice d. fishes; suggestion( )10. _ day is coming. i will buy some _for miss wu.a. teachers; flower b. teachers; flowersc. teachers; flower d. teachers; flowers常考考点知识清单（研习考点）考点一 可数名词的复数形式1. 规则变化情况构成方法例词一般情况加-spenpens; doctordoctors; mapmaps以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾加-es busbuses; boxboxes; watchwatches; brushbrushes以辅音字母加 y 结尾将 y 变为 i 再加-esfactoryfactories; familyfamilies情况构成方法例词以元音字母加 y 结尾只加-s boyboys; daydays以 o 结尾有生命的加-esnegronegroes; heroheroes; potatopotatoes; tomatotomatoes巧记:黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿。 (两人两菜)无生命的加-sphotophotos; radioradios; pianopianos情况构成方法例词以 f 或 fe 结尾将 f 或 fe 变为 v 再加-eswifewives; thiefthieves; shelfshelves; knifeknives; wolfwolves; halfhalves; leafleaves; lifelives巧记:妻见小偷架下藏,手拿小刀想杀狼,谁知落下半片叶,砸在头上一命亡。加-s roofroofs2. 不规则变化(1) manmen; womanwomen; childchildren;footfeet; toothteeth; goosegeese; mousemice(2) 单复数相同:sheepsheep; deerdeer; fishfish注意:fish 强调鱼的条数的时候,单复数同形;强调鱼的种类的时候,复数形式要加-es,即 fishes。(3) 某国人变复数的歌诀:中日不变英法变,其余-s 加后面。chinesechinese; japanesejapanese;englishmanenglishmen; americanamericans (4) 有些名词本身是复数形式,如:clothes; pants; trousers; jeans; shorts; glasses; people 等。注意:people 当“人们”讲时,本身是复数形式;当“民族”讲时,是单数形式,其复数要在末尾加-s。a people; 56 peoples3. 复合名词的数(1) 一般情况下把后面一个名词变为复数,作定语的名词不变。a girl studentfive girl students; an apple treeten apple trees(2) 由 man 和 woman 构成的复合名词,变复数时要把名词和 man/ woman 同时变为复数。a man doctorthree men doctors; a woman teachersix women teachers(3) sport 作定语修饰其他名词时,无论主题词是单数还是复数,sport 通常用复数形式。a sports club; sports shoes注意:时间名词作定语有两种形式:两天的假期 a two-day holiday 或 two days holiday十分钟的路程 a ten-minute ride 或 ten minutes ride考点二 不可数名词1. 不可数名词没有复数形式,前面不能用不定冠词 a/ an 修饰,但可用 much, a lot of / lots of, plenty of, some, lit-tle, a little 等修饰。 作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。there is some tea in the cup. 茶杯里有些茶。2. 不可数名词还常用“数词/ 不定冠词+量词+of+不可数名词”来表示不可数名词的量。 a piece of paper 一张纸, two cups of tea 两杯茶,a glass of water 一玻璃杯水,three bottles of pop 三瓶汽水。 作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于 of 前面的量词的数。there are three glasses of orange juice on the table. 桌子上有三杯橙汁。考点三 名词所有格1. s 所有格情况方法例子单数名词加 s my friends uncle 我朋友的叔叔以 s 结尾的复数名词加 teachers day 教师节不以 s 结尾的复数名词 加 s childrens day 儿童节表示两人共有在最后一个名词后加 s lucy and lilys mother 露西和莉莉的妈妈表示各自所有 在各个名词后加 slucys and lilys rooms 露西的房间和莉莉的房间2. of 所有格主要用于表示无生命事物的所有关系。the name of the film 电影的名字 the cover of the book 书的封面3. 双重所有格“名词+of+名词性物主代词/ 名词所有格”构成双重所有格形式。a friend of hers 她的一个朋友 a friend of mikes 迈克的一个朋友考点四 专有名词专有名词是指人、地方、团体、机构等特有的名称。 它的第一个字母必须大写。专有名词前一般不加冠词。1. 表示人名、尊称和头衔的专有名词einstein 爱因斯坦 president obama 奥巴马总统doctor lin 林博士/ 林医生 queen elizabeth ii 伊利莎白女王二世mr brown 布朗先生注意:人名的前面若有尊称或头衔,如 mr (先生), president (总统)等时,其第一个字母也要大写。2. 表示国名、地名、山河名的专有名词korea 韩国 paris 巴黎pacific ocean 太平洋 mississippi 密西西比河mt. qomolangma 珠穆朗玛峰3. 表示团体、机构和报刊的专有名词museum of postal history 邮政博物馆 china daily 中国日报sydney opera house 悉尼歌剧院 harvard university 哈佛大学4. 表示星期、月份和节日的专有名词monday 星期一 march 三月national day 国庆节5. 由普通名词构成的专有名词the north pole 北极 the river nile 尼罗河the forbidden city 紫禁城 the bund 上海外滩the great wall 长城 the temple of heaven 天坛the white house 白宫 the terracotta warriors 兵马俑the peoples republic of china 中华人民共和国注意:上面列举的由普通名词构成的专有名词前要用定冠词“the”,但它的首字母不大写。巩固训练（夯实基础）一、单项选择( )1. may i help you? yes, id like to have 20 _. i need them to draw pictures.a. piece of paper b. pieces of paper c. pieces of papers d. piece of papers( )2. how does the old man make a _ on the farm? he raises many .a. life; duck b. living; horse c. life; bird d. living; sheep( )3. can i help you? id like _ for twin daughters.a. two pair of shoes b. two pairs of shoec. two pair of shoe d. two pairs of shoes( )4. kate, whats in the big bowl? a few _ and a little .a. pear; water b. pears; waters c. pear; waters d. pears; water( )5. the two cities have reached an _ to develop science and technology. thats great!a. education b. excitement c. agreement d. invitation( )6. look, my shirt is the same as your _. so it is.a. brother b. sisters c. brothers d. brothers( )7. recently people care more about the safety of _. everyone wants to eat healthily.a. foods b. clothes c. buildings d. water( )8. in our school, the number of women teachers _ becoming larger and larger.a. is b. are c. be d. been( )9. there are twenty _ in our school. yes, and they work very hard.a. man teacher b. man teachers c. men teachers d. men teacher( )10. i saw lots of _ in the hall. and there were several _ in it, too.a. american; japanese b. americans; japanesec. american; japaneses d. americans; japaneses二、用所给单词的正确形式填空1.we played a joke on jim on april _