被动语态讲解(讲解很详细,练习很到位)PPT课件

被动语态 ThePassiveVoice 被动语态基本用法当句子的主语是动作的执行者时 谓语的形式是主动语态 当句子的主语是动作的承受者时 谓语要用被动语态 被动语态由助动词be 过去分词构成 时态通过be表现出来 1 Theymakeshoesinthatfactory 主语 及物动词 宾语 Shoesaremade bythem inthatfactory 一般现在时 S 主语 am is are 过去分词 变为被动语态 Hisbrotherwashesbowlseveryday 主 谓 宾 受动者 Bowls arewashed by hisbrother everyday 改为被动语态 TheyplayfootballonSunday Lucydoesthehomeworkintheevening Theyoftenusecomputersinclass WemakethesemachinesinBeilun PeoplespeakEnglishasthefirstlanguageinUK FootballisplayedbythemonSunday ThehomeworkisdonebyLucyintheevening Computersareoftenusedbytheminclass ThesemachinesaremadeinBeilun EnglishisspokenasthefirstlanguageinUK 你知道这些被动句的否定句和一般疑问句吗 2 Theyboughttencomputerslastterm Tencomputerswerebought bythem lastterm 2一般过去时 S was were 过去分词 Helookedafterthelittlebabyyesterday 主 谓 宾 受动者 Thelittlebaby waslookedafter by him yesterday Theybuiltthetallbuildinglastyear Hetookgoodcareofhislittlebrotheryesterday Wecleanedourclassroomjustnow Theyusedthisroomforresting Theyplantedmanytreesyearsago Thetallbuildingwasbuiltbythemlastyear Hislittlebrotherwastakengoodcareofbyhimyesterday Ourclassroomwascleanedbyusjustnow Thisroomwasusedforrestingbythem Manytreeswereplantedbythemyearsago 3 Theywillfinishtheworkintendays Theworkwillbefinished bythem intendays 3一般将来时 S will be 过去分词 Tomwillcleantheroomtomorrow 主 谓 宾 受动者 Theroom willbecleaned by Tom tomorrow Wewillhaveasportsmeetingnextweek Childrenwilltakesomephotosintheschoolyardtomorrow Theheadmasterwillgiveatalkthisafternoon Thefarmerswillgrowdifferentkindsofvegetablesnextspring UncleWangwillmendtheTVsettomorrow Asportsmeetingwillbehadbyusnextweek Somephotoswillbetakenbychildrenintheschoolyardtomorrow Atalkwillbegivenbytheheadmasterthisafternoon Differentkindsofvegetableswillbegrownbythefarmersnextspring TheTVsetwillbemendedbyUncleWangtomorrow 4 AmycantakegoodcareofGina GinacanbetakengoodcareofbyAmy 4情态动词 S can may must should be 过去分词 1 Hecantakecareofthebaby 2 Lucymaydrawthepictures 3 Youmustturnoffthelights 4 TheyshouldlearnEnglishwell 5 Jimcoulddoityesterday Thebabycanbetakencareofbyhim ThepicturemaybedrawnbyLucy Thelightsmustbeturnedoffbyyou Englishshouldbelearnedwellbythem ItcouldbedonebyJimyesterday Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow 5现在进行时 S am is are being 过去分词 现在进行时 TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio Wearepaintingtherooms Theroomsarebeingpainted Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8 00lastnight Myhomeworkwasbeingdone byme at8 00lastnight 6过去进行时 S was were being 过去分词 过去进行时 Whydidn ttheydrivethereontime Becausetheworkersweremendingtheroad Becausetheroadwasbeingmended Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear Wehavemadetwentymorekeys Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus 7现在完成时 S have has been 过去分词 现在完成时 Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetmightbeputoff Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff Wehavebroughtdowntheprice Thepricehasbeenbroughtdown 8过去将来时 Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible 9 过去完成时 WhenIgottothetheatre Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets WhenIgottothetheatre Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader 10 动词不定式的被动语态betodo betobedonebegoingtodo begoingtobedoneBeabouttodo beabouttobedoneEg HeistoreadanovelAnovelistobereadbyhimTheyaregoingtoholdameetingtomorrow Ameetingisgoingtobeheldtomorrow Theyareabouttoshootthemurderer Themurderdrisabouttobeshotbythem 被动语态中的特殊情况1 不及物动词带介词和介词宾语时 在变为被动语态时 仍然要带上介词 e g Thestudentslistentotheteachercarefullyinclass 被动句 Theteacherislistenedtocarefullybythestudentsinclass e g Theylookafterthenewstudentsintheschool 被动句 Thenewstudentsarelookedafterbythemintheschool 2 当动词带有复合宾语 有宾补 并且宾补是省去 to 的动词不定式时 在被动语态中应加上 to e g Theymakeusdoallthework 被动句 Wearemadetodoalltheworkbythem e g Weoftenhearhersingsongs 被动句 Sheisoftenheardtosingsongsbyus e g Isawhimwalktoschool 被动句 Hewasseentowalktoschoolbyme 这些动词真奇怪 主动句中to离开 被动句中to回来 let have make feel see watch hear notice 3 当动词带双宾语时 一个宾语是指人 一个是指物 将其中指人的宾语提前作被动句的主语时 另一个宾语按顺序照抄下来 如是将指物的宾语提前作被动句的主语 在被动句中则指人宾语前应加 to 或 for 常见加to的动词有give send teach write show pass ask tell 常见加for的动词有make draw buy e g Hegivesmeaflowereveryday 被动1Iamgivenaflowerbyhimeveryday 被动2Aflowerisgiventomebyhimeveryday e g Mymotherboughtmeacomputer 被动1Iwasboughtacomputerbymymother 被动2Acomputerwasboughtformebymymother 一 语态转换时要注意的问题1 把主动语态变为被动语态时 其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态保持一致 其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致 Wehaveboughtanewcomputer Anewcomputerhasbeenbought 正确 Anewcomputerhavebeenbought 错误 2 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时 可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语 另一个不动 一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多 Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday 如果把直接宾语 指物 改为主语 则在间接宾语 指人 前加适当的介词 如上句还可以说 Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday 保留宾语 注意 一般在下列动词后 常在间接宾语前用介词to 如 bring give lend offer pass promise sell show teach tell等 Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass Mybikewaslenttoher 一般在下列动词后 间接宾语前用介词for 如 buy cook choose fetch get make order 等 Mothermademeanewskirt Anewskirtwasmadeforme Themeatwascookedforus 练习 将下列句子变为被动句 1 LiLeilistenstohisfathercarefully LiLei sfatherislistenedtocarefullybyLiLei 2 Themotherlookedafterthebabyintheroom Thebabywaslookedafterbythemotherintheroom 3 Wetookcareofthethings Thethingsweretakencareofbyus 4 Theygaveussomework Weweregivensomeworkbythem Someworkwasgiventousbythem 5 Theboymadethemlaughallthetime Theyweremadetolaughallthetimebytheboy 6 Mymotherbuysmeabike Abikeisboughtformebymymother Iamboughtabikebymymother 1 Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings Knives forcuttingthings 2 Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth Thewindowsoftheirclassroom twiceamonth EXERCISES areused are cleaned 变被动语态 5 Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday He onlytwomealsaday 6 Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem Nowcomputers tohelpthem wasmadetohave canbe used 3 Ifoundtheticketonthefloor onthefloor 4 Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime She toreturnthebookintime Theticketwasfound wastold 9 Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps 1 somewonderfulstamps 2 Somewonderfulstamps weweregiven were giventous 7 Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear atthistimelasttime 8 Mustwefinishourworktoday ourwork today Weremanytreesplanted Mustbefinished 10 TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer Tom toturnonthecomputer 11 Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework Mostofthework bywomeninthisfactory wasasked isdone 12 Hecanmendthebikeintwodays Thebike intwodays 13 Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday Thismedicine threetimesaday canbemended mustbe taken 14 ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman German bythestudentsinthisschool 15 Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion thisquestionoften about isstudied Is talked bythem 1 Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful They welland already sell havebeensoldoutB sold hadsoldoutC sell selloutaresold havebeensoldout2 IsawDaveinliftthismorning Really He aroundhereforalongtime A won tbeseenB wasn tseeC hasn tbeenseenD hadn tbeenseen 3 Thewindowisdirty Iknow It forweeks hasn tcleanedB didn tcleanC wasn tcleanedD hasn tbeencleaned4 Thehero sstory differentlyinthenewspapers wasreportedB wasreportingreportsD reported5 Whydidyouleavethatposition I abetterpositionatIBM offerB offeredC amofferedD wasoffered6 Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool abroadtostudymedicinelastyear A sentB weresentC hadsentD hadbeensent 7 Thepoliceman sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich placedundertheMinister scar hasbeenB wasbeingC hadbeenD wouldbe8 Millionsofpounds worthdamage byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight A hasbeencausedB hadbeencausedC willbecausedD willhavebeencaused9 Whentheoldman towalkbacktohishouse thesun itselfbehindthemountain started hadalreadyhiddenhadstarted hadalreadyhiddenC hadstarted washidingD wasstarting hid 10 Thewater coolwhenIjoinedintothepoolformorningexercise wasfeltB isfeltC feltD feels11 Themomentthe28thOlympicGames open thewholeworldcheered declaredB havebeendeclaredC havedeclaredD weredeclared12 MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16 year oldboy sayingthathewasnottheone blamedB blamingC toblameD tobeblamed 13 Inaroomabovethestore whereaparty someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable A wastobeheldB hasbeenheldC willbeheldD isbeingheld14 Idon tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit Wellsurprisinglytheydo Amanhasbeenarrestedand now A hasbeenquestionedB isbeingquestionedC isquestioningD hasquestioned15 Thenewtypeofcellphone betterifitisadvertisedonTV A willsellB sellsC wouldsellD sold 16 Thebridgewhich lastyearlooksreallybeautiful A wasbuiltB builtC wassetupD hadbeenbuilt17 Thiscloth welland long Ok I lltakeit A washes lastsB iswashed lastedC washes islastedD iswashing lasting18 Anexhibitionofpaintings atthemuseumnextweek A aretobeheldB istobeheldC areholdingD willhold 19 I msorry sir Yourrecorderisn treadyyet It inthefactory A isbeingrepairedB isrepairedC hasbeenrepairedD hasn trepaired20 Everypossiblemeans butnoneprovesuccessful A hastriedB hasbee