人教版高一英语必修三Unit-4全套ppt课件

Lead in Thebackgroundpictureisthewholecosmos k zm s universe 宇宙 Whatdoyouknowaboutit It stheGalaxy 银河系 They replanets 行星 andstars 恒星 It stheblackhole It sthesolarsystem Canyouenumerate nju m re t 列举 theplanets HistoryoftheUniverse Unit4 Astronomy theScienceoftheStars ScienceSubjects PhysicsChemistryBiologyGeologyMathematics MedicineBiochemistryGeophysicsAstronomy Warmingup Hawkingandhistheories CanyounametheminEnglish Mercury m kj ri Venus vi n s Earth Mars Jupiter d u p t r Saturn s t n Uranus j r n s Neptune neptju n Pluto plu t u TheSun TheSolarSystem ABlackHole TheMoon TheBigBang Atom TheGlobe OurEarth Atmosphere 大气层 Reading 1 FastReading andanalyzeitsstructure Writedownthemainideaforeachparagraph Answerkeyforquestion1 Paragraph1 Awidelyacceptedtheoryabouttheformationoftheuniverse Paragraph2 Theformationofwaterforlife Paragraph3 Theimportanceofwaterforlife Paragraph4 Thedevelopmentofplantsandanimalsontheearth Paragraph5 Thearrivalofhumansandtheirimpactontheearth 3 DetailedReading Readthetextloudlyforasecondtimeandthencompletethefillsinthefollowingpicturesaccordingtotheevolution 进化 演变 orderoflifeontheearth Answerkeyforquestion3 smallplantsinwatershellfishandallsortsoffishgreenplantsonlandinsects onland amphibians onlandandinwater forestsreptiles onland dinosaurs onland mammals onland Explanation 天文学n Astronomyisthescientificstudyofthestars planets andothernaturalobjectsinspace 1 astronomy 相关短语radarastronomy雷达天文学radioastronomy电波 无线电 天文学 2 star 1 名词 pl stars 1 星 恒星 日 月等 天体 星形物 2 星号 表示等级等的 星级 星形勋章 如 WhileinTaipeishestayedatafourstarhotel 她在台北逗留期间住在一家四星级旅馆 3 命运 星象4 电影 体育等的 明星 杰出人物Hiswishtobecomeafootballstarhascometrue 他想当足球明星的愿望实现了 2 动词 及物 starred starred starring 1 用星形物装饰2 用星号标出3 使成明星 由 主演YesterdaywesawafilmstarringCharlieChaplin 昨天我们看了一部查理 卓别林主演的电影 3 动词 不及物 starred starred starring 1 当明星 主演 如 Shehasstarredinsomethirtyfilms 她主演过大约30部影片 star 2 表现出色 如 Hedidn tstaratthatjob 那份工作他干得并不出色 4 形容词1 星的 星形的2 明星的 主角的3 出色的 优秀的 如 Tonyisthestarplayeronourteam 托尼是我队的主力 star 3 globe 1 名词 pl globes 1 球 球状物2 地球仪 地球 如 Thisplantcangrowinmanypartsoftheglobe 这种植物能在地球上的许多地方生长 3 眼球 2 动词 不及物 globed globed globing 成球状 3 动词 及物 globed globed globing 使成球状 Thenareyouclearnowabouttheevolutionoflife Whenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe theearthwassoviolent TheEvolutionofLifeontheearth i v lu n p l z k mes z k si n z uik Shellfish Amphibian Reptile Dinosaur Primitive 原始的 People LanguagePoints 1 Whatitwastobecomewasuncertain whenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe betodo的用法 1 betodo 用于第一人称疑问句中 表示征求对方意见 如 AmItogoonwiththework 要我继续这项工作吗 Whatarewetodonext 我们下一步该怎么办 2 表示按约定 计划 或即将发生的动作 这是将来时的一种用法 如 Theyaretopayavisittotheteachertogetherat10a m tomorrow 他们约定明天上午10点一起去看这位老师 be be Wearetomeetatthestationatfourthisafternoon 我们今天下午4点在车站见面 3 表示必须或应该 在意义上等于must should oughtto或haveto 如 Youaretofinishtheworkbeforefivethisafternoon 你们必须在今天下午五点以前完成这项任务 Thismedicineistobetakenthreetimesaday 这种药一天要服三次 4 用来表示注定要发生或不可避免要发生的事 如 Histheorywastochangetheviewsontheuniverse LanguagePoints 1 Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock whichwereintimetoproducecarbon nitrogen watervapourandothergases whichweretomaketheearth satmosphere loud aloud loudly这三个副词词义很接近 但含义有所不同 aloud的意思是 出声地 高声地 强调能让人听得见 如 Readaloudsothatwecanallhearyou 读大点声 以便我们大家都能听见你 Theyareshoutingaloud 他们在大声感叫 loud意思是 大声地 高声地 响亮地 强调声音响亮 常与动词speak talk say laugh等连用 如 Don ttalksoloud 讲话声音不要这么大 Factsspeaklouderthanwords 事实胜于雄辩 loudly的意思是 高声地 有时可与loud通用 但含有 喧闹 的意味 如 Someoneknockedloudlyatthedoor 有人在大声敲门 Don ttalksoloudly loud 说话声音不要这么大 在现代英语中有时在并不喧闹的场合也用loudly 如 Willyoupleasereadthetextloudly 你能不能大声读这篇课文 explode1 使某物 炸开 爆炸 如 Thefireworkexplodedinhishandandhewashurtseriously 2 指感情 激发 如 Iwasfrightenedwhensheexplodedintoloudlaughter 3 指人口 突然或迅速增加 如 Nowitisnoteasytofindjobswiththeexplodingpopulation explosionn 爆炸 声 explosiveadj 爆炸性的 易爆炸的n 炸药 爆炸物intime forsth todosth 最终 及时 如Shewillbebackintimetopreparedinner 她会及时赶回来准备晚饭 3 Whatmanysciencebelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolvegasesandacidswhichareharmfultotheplantsintotheoceansandseas allowv 允许 许可 容许allow n pron doingallowsb todosth beallowedtodosth 2 continuous连续不断的 强调一个动作没有间断过 continual反复的 频繁的 强调一个动作在某个时期反复出现 continued和continuing可以互换 都表示 连续不断的 继续不变的 但是它们只能用于名词前 总的来说 其差异正逐渐消失 特别是continual亦含有continuous相同的意义 尤指不愉快的事 Lifewasacontinualstruggleforthem 生活对他们来说是不断的挣扎 Present1presencen 出席 到场 存在形容词a 1 出席的 在场的Howmanypeoplewerepresentatthemeeting 到会的有多少人 2 现在的 当前的I mnotatallsatisfiedwiththepresentsituation 我对目前的情况一点都不满意 名词n 1 现在 目前Thereisnotimelikethepresent 机不可失 时不再来 present2名词n 1 礼物 赠品 C Heoftengavehisneighbor skidslittlepresents 他常常送些小礼物给邻居的孩子 Present3presentationn 授予 颁发 呈现及物动词vt 1 赠送 呈献 to with Theypresentedhimwithabunchofflowers 他们献给他一束鲜花 2 引起 问题 造成 困难 to with Allthispresentednewsafetyproblems 所有这些都造成了新的安全问题 3 提出 提交 呈递 to Some300paperswerepresentedattheconference 会上提出了大约三百篇论文 4 呈现 描述 出示 to Hehadtopresentasmilingfacethoughheavy hearted 虽然忧心忡忡 但他还得露出一副笑容 Myfatherdoesn tallowsmokingathome Infacthedoesn tallowustosmokeanywhereatanytime 父亲不允许在家里吸烟 实际上 他不允许我们在任何地方任何时候吸烟 Areweallowedtousethecomputer 我们可以用电脑么 beharmfulto对 有害doharmtosb dosb harm伤害某人 对某人有害处1 Pollutionisespeciallyharmfultoanimals 2 Smokingwilldoyoualotofharm 4 Theyproducedyounggenerallybylayingeggs It sgenerallybelievedthat 一般认为 generallyspeaking一般而言 概括来说1 It sgenerallybelievedthatgirlsworkharderthanboysdo 2 Generallyspeaking womencrymoreeasilythanmen bydoing用于说明做某事的手段 方式 如 Idon tthinkshecanhelphimbyjustgivinghimmoney 我认为她光靠给钱是帮不了他的 5 Theyareputtingtoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere whichpreventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace 阻止某人做某事 preventsb from doingsth stopsb from doingsth keepsb fromdoingsth 1 Wemustpreventthemfrommakingtrouble 2 Youshouldpreventthechildfrominjuringhimself Ifnothingprevents 如果没有什么阻碍的话 6 Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved dependon 相信 信赖 依靠 依赖 视 而定 取决于 Dependonit 没问题 请放心 句末或句首 That It all depends 那得看情况而定 1 Dependonit you llsucceed 2 Hemaysupportme butitdepends 宾语从句可以分为三类 1 动词的宾语从句1 1大多数位于动词后面Eg Ihopeyoucanjoinusinthegame 1 2有些是 动词 副词 后Findout pointout figureout turnout figureoutEg Canyoufigureoutwhatthepoetreallymeansinthispoem 1 3有些动词短语后面Makesure makeupone smind keepinmindEg weshouldkeepinmindthatsportscanbeagreatboosttoourhealth 2 it作形式宾语代替宾语从句第一类动词 find feel think consider make believe guess suppose assume等后面有宾语不足语时 需要用it作形式宾语而将that引导的真正的宾语从句后置 Eg Ithinkitnecessarythatwedosomesporting 第二类动词带宾语从句时需要在从句前面加it 这类词 hate like dislike appreciate dependon seeto Eg Ihateitwhentheytalkwithoutconsideringother sfeeling 7 Icheeredupimmediatelyandfloatedweightlesslyaroundinourspaceshipcabinwatchingtheearthbecomesmallerandthemoonlarger cheerup欢呼 喝彩 感到高兴 使高兴 如 Thecrowdcheeredupwhentheysawtheteamsarrive 观众看到运动队进场时欢声雷动 Hetookhertotheconcerttocheerherup 为使她高兴起来 他带她去听音乐会 Astronomer str n m r astronaut str n t watch do doing观看 注视 如 Wewatchedthesunsettingbehindthetrees Eveningfell 我们看着太阳一点点地落在树后 夜幕降临了 Everydayastheywatchedtheplantgrow theirheartswerefilledwithhope 他们每天都在观察这棵植物生长 心里充满了希望 Weigh1 表示 称 的重量 是及物动词 如 Heweighedthefish 他称了这条鱼 Doyouoftenweighyourself 你经常称体重吗 2 表示 重 多少 是不及物动词Heweighs60kilos 他体重60公斤 Themeatweighsfivepounds 这肉重五磅 2 比较byweight inweight 前者表示 按重量 后者表示 重量上 如 Dotheychargecarriagebyweight 他们是按重量收取运费吗 It ssmallerinsizebutgreaterinweight 它体积比较小 但分量比较重 3 对重量提问 特殊疑问词用Howmuch orHowheavy Whatistheweightof Howmuchitweighs What howmuchdoyouweigh Whatistheweightofthebaby 倍数的表达方式共 四种1 表示 几倍大小 长短 数量 由 倍数 thesize length amount 结构组成 例如 Theearthisforth ninetimesthesizeofthemoon 地球是月亮的49倍大 2 表示 比 大几倍 由 倍数 形容词 副词 比较级 结构组成 例如 Thisboxisthreetimesbiggerthanthatone 这个盒子比那个盒子大三倍 Thegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear 今年比去年粮食产量增加8 3 表示 是 倍 由 倍数 as 形容词 as 结构组成 例如 Ourfactoryistwiceasbigastheirs 我们的工厂是他们的三倍 Ihavethreetimesasmanyasyou 我有你三倍那么多 注 一倍用once 两倍用twice 4 还可以用by 倍数 表示增加多少倍 Theproductionofgrainhasbeenincreasedbyfourtimesthisyear 今年粮食产量增加了4倍 9 Wewatched amazedasfirebrokeoutontheoutsideofthespaceshipastheearth sgravityincreased 此处的amazed是过去分词作状语 过去分词经常可以作状语 这是一种特定用法 如 Hecameinunnoticed 他神不知鬼不觉地走了进来 Manyheroeslieburiedinthechurchyard 许多英雄埋葬在教堂的墓地里 breakout 战争 争吵 疾病等 爆发 如 Aquarrelbrokeoutsuddenlyatmidnight 半夜 他们 突然大吵起来 8 Ohdear Icried walkingdoesneedabitofpracticenowthatgravityhaschanged Nowthat 既然 由于 如 Nowthateverybodyishere wecanbeginthemeeting 10 thePaleozoicera 古生代 是地质时代的第三个代 第一 第二代分别是太古代和元古代 约5 44亿年前至2 48亿年前 theMesozoicera 中生代 包括 三叠纪 侏罗纪 白垩纪 theCenozoicera 新生代 约开始于6500万年前 现仍在持续 11 BigBang 宇宙大爆炸理论 LearningaboutLanguage 1 Words astronomy atmosphere system violent solid explode carbon dioxide oxygen surface planet harmful development spread method depend exist presence telescope disappoint disappointed publish publishing gravity force gradually cheer float mass Usethecorrectprefixorsuffixforeachword Writeoutthenewwordandexplainthedifferencebetweenthetwo presence violence confidence difference patience uncertain unfair unpaid unlike unkind en ce un cultural global universal agricultral mathematical artist phsicist chemist biologist scientist al ist 2 Expressions solarsystem intime nowthat prevent from dependon cheerup getthehangof breakout layeggs givebirthto inone sturn carbondioxide watchout blockout Completeeachofthesentenceswithasuitablewordorphraseinthecorrectform surface explode develop prevent float spread violent astronomy force publish disappoint solid1 The ofgravitymakesthingsfalltotheearth 2 Therobberskickedthedoor andbrokeintothestar shouse 3 Nothingcanseparatethetwo becausetheyhavea friendshipfoundation 4 InWorldWarII twoatomicbombs inJapan killingalargenumberofpeople 5 Withthe ofourcountry seconomy people slivingstandardhasbeengreatlyraised force violently solid exploded development 6 Morethan70 oftheearth s iscoveredbywater 7 Inthelastfewyearsthecityhas outrapidlyinalldirections 8 Thathefailedtheexamination hisloververymuch 9 They thecanoeoutintothemiddleoftheriver 10 MarkTwain alotofpopularnovelsinthat firm spread disappointed floated surface published publishing 1 他以前是靠画画为生的 Heusedto hisliving 2 爆竹在他手里爆炸了 他伤得很严重 Thefirework andhehurtseriously 3 乡村生活与都市生活是非常不同的 Countrylifeis citylife 4 玛丽之所以没有通过这次考试 是因为她此前病了两个星期 Mary intheexam shehadbeenillfortwoweeks Completethefollowingsentences 5 第二次世界大战是 年爆发的 WorldWarII in1939 6 我担心是否伤害了她 Iworry Ihurtherfeelings 7 为使她高兴起来 她丈夫带她去听音乐会 Herhusbandtookhertotheconcert 8 他们乘坐宇宙飞船穿越太空到月球上去 They tothemooninaspaceship 9 天上有朵朵白云 Therewere whitecloudsinthesky 1 Heusedtomake earnhislivingbypainting 2 Thefireworkexplodedinhishandandhehurtseriously 3 Countrylifeisquitedifferentfromcitylife 4 Maryfailedintheexam Thiswasbecauseshehadbeenillfortwoweeks 5 WorldWarIIbrokeoutin1939 6 IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings 7 Herhusbandtookhertotheconcerttocheerherup 8 Theytraveledthroughspacetothemooninaspaceship 9 Thereweremassesofwhitecloudsinthesky AnswerKey 3 Grammar NounClausesasthesubject 做主语用的名词性从句 因其在复合句中做主语 又称主语从句 NounClausesasthesubject 引导主语从句的有从属连词that whether 连接代词who what which 连接副词when where how why等 1 连接词 1 从属连词 that whether等 that引导主语从句只起引导作用 本身无实际意义 在主语从句中不充当任何成分 但不能省略 Thatshelefthimcuthimtotheheart Thathewillcomeiscertain 由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首 句后都可 Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay Itdoesn tmattertoomuchwhethershe scomingornot 2 连接代词who what which whatever whichever whoeverWhatseemseasytosomepeopleseemsdifficulttoothers Whichsidewillwinisnotclear 3 连接副词when where how why等 Whyhediditremainsamystery Whentheywillstartisnotknownyet Howhebecameagreatscientistisknowntousall 2 位置 主语从句可以前置 也可以后置 用it做形式主语 而把主语从句放在句末 常用下面几种句型 1 It be 表语 主语从句表语 名词 形容词 过去分词 Itisapitythatwecan tgo Itisnosurprisethatourteamshouldhavewonthegame ItisanhonourthatIwasinvitedtoattendthemeeting Itiscertainthatshewilldowellinherexam ItistruethatItoldhereverything ItissaidthatMr GreenhasarrivedinBeijing ItisreportedthatChinahassentanothermanmadeearthsatelliteintoorbit 2 It 不及物动词或短语 主语从句Itseemed happened doesn tmatter hasturnedout that Ithappensthattheywereabsent ItseemsthatAliceisnotcomingtothepartyatall Itdoesn tmatterwhethershewillcomeornot Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting 3 It 及物动词 被动语态 主语从句IthasbeendecidedthattheexhibitionwillnotopenonSundays 注意 主语从句在句首时 必须由连接词引导 不能省略这些连接词 但是如果用it做形式主语 而把 主语从句放在句末时 从属连词that可以省略 误 Theyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural 正 Thattheyshouldlikeeachotherisnatural 正 Itisnaturalthattheyshouldlikeeachother 4 如果主语从句放在句首 不能用if引导 但是如果用it做形式主语 而把主语从句放在句末时 也可以用if引导 误 IfMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful 正 WhetherMaryreallyheardhimisreallydoubtful正 ItwasdoubtfulifMaryreallyheardhim 1 youdon tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness A WhatB WhoC ThatD Whether2 we llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather A IfB WhetherC ThatD Where3 isgoingtodothejobwillbedecidedbythePartycommittee A ThatB WhyC HowD Who 语法专项练习 Choosethebestoption 4 we llfinishtranslatingthebookdependsonthetime A WhenB WhyC WhatD That5 hewon tgothereiscleartoallofus A HowB WhatC WhyD This6 thehousewillbebuiltwillbediscussedattomorrow smeeting A IfB WhereC ThatD What7 youcomeornotisuptoyou A WhatB IfC WhyD Whether 8 makesmistakesmustcorrectthem A WhoB AnyoneC WhoeverD Anybody9 wegoswimmingeveryday usalotofgood A If doB That doC If doesD That does10 It Bobdrivesbadly thinksthatB isthoughtwhatC thoughtthatD isthoughtthat11 It suncertain theexperimentisworthdoing A ifB thatC whetherD how 12 theboydidn ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry A ThatB WhatC HowD Which13 wecan tgetseemsbetterthan wehave What whatB What thatC That thatD That what14 youdon tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness A WhatB WhoC ThatD Whether15 we llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather A IfB WhetherC ThatD Where 轻松一刻 ReportaboutAlien UsingLanguage Listentothetapeandanswerthequestions2onpage30 1 Listening IsaacNewton Inpairsdiscussthethreescientistsandtheirideasongravity AlbertEinstein StephenHawking IsaacNewton 1643 1727 wasthegreatestEnglishmathematicianofhisgeneration Helaidthefoundationfordifferentialandintegralcalculus Hisworkonopticsandgravitationmakehimoneofthegreatestscientiststheworldhasknown AlbertEinstein 1879 1955 wasatheoreticalphysicist Heisbestknownforhistheoriesofspecialrelativityandgeneralrelativity Einsteinreceivedthe1921NobelPrizeinPhysics forhisservicestoTheoreticalPhysics andespeciallyforhisdiscoveryofthelawofthephotoelectriceffect StephenHawking 1942 isaBritishtheoreticalphysicist Heisknownforhiscontributionstothefieldsofcosmologyandquantumgravity especiallyinthecontextofblackholes 2 Reading Speaking Readthepassageandimaginewhatyouneedifyoutraveltothemoon Don tforgettousetheexpressionsasfollows 表指示 instructions Pleasepayattentionto Pleasecheckthat Pleaselookat Makesurethat Don tforgetto Watchoutfor Youneed You dbetter Youmust mustn t 3 Writing Thenwriteashortarticleexplainingoneoftheproblemsthatyoumighthaveonthemoon Setoutwhatyoushoulddotoovercomethisdifficultyandhaveahappyvisit SummingUp 重点单词 system theory violent unlike harmful exist puzzle pull nowthat 重点短语 intime layeggs givebirthto inone sturn prevent from cheerup breakout watchout 功能指示 instructions 语法 theusageofNounClausesasthesubject 话题 Scienceofthestars thedevelopmentoflife spacetravelandgravity 高考链接 1 TheOlympicGames in776B C didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912 A firstplayingB tobefirstplayedC firstplayedD tobefirstplaying解析 TheOlympicgames与play是被动关系 排除A和D 不定式的被动式 表示未来的动作 排除B C 2 Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers 02北京卷 Thekey theproblemistomeetthedemand bythecustomers A tosolving makingB tosolving madeC tosolve makingD tosolve made解析 keyto 的关键 中to是介词 应接动名词 排除C和D 又因名词demand与make是被动关系 madedemands提出要求 另有by这一标志词暗示 用过去分词作定语 B 3 LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany as3M A knowingB knownC beingknownD tobeknown解析 因为the company与know是被动关系 所以用过去分词短语作定语 knownas3M whichwasknownas3M B Exercises A Clozetest Carol shusbandwaskilledinacaraccidentlastyear Jim only52 was1homefromwork Theotherdriverwasateenagerwhohad2alot Jimdiedatonce Theteenagerwasinthe3forlessthanthreehours ItwasCarol sfiftiethbirthday andJimhadtwoplaneticketstoHawaiiinhispocket Hewasgoingto4her However hewaskilledbyadrunkendriver Howhaveyou5this IaskedCarol ayearlater 6welledup 涌出 inhereyes IthoughtIhadsaidthe7thing butshesaid It sallright Iwantto8you ThedayImarriedJim IpromisedIwouldneverlethimleavethehouseinthemorning9tellinghimIlovedhim Hemadethesame10 Itgottobeajokebetweenus andaswegrewolderitgottobea n 11promisetokeep Irememberrunningdownthedriveway saying Iloveyou justbeforehedroveoutofmy12 ordrivingallthewaytohisofficejusttoputa n 13saying Iloveyou onhiscar Itwasafunny14 Wemadealotof15tryingtosay Iloveyou beforenooneverydayofourmarriedlife ThemorningJim16 heleftabirthdaycardinthekitchenandthenleft17 Iheardtheenginestarting Oh no Ithought I18outquicklyandknockedonthecarwindow19herolleditdown HereonmyfiftiethbirthdayI CarolGarret wantyou MrJamesE Garretto20that Iloveyou That showI vesurvived knowingthatthelastwordsIsaidtoJimwere Iloveyou 1 A walkingB arrivingC drivingD riding2 A drunkB eatenC talkedD done3 A schoolB hospitalC officeD prison4 A surpriseB interestC disappointD frighten5 A learnedB survivedC existedD explained 6 A ExcitementB HappinessC JoysD Tears7 A sadB extraC wrongD