英语人教版八年级下册初中现在完成时讲解.docx

现在完成时一 现在完成时: 基本构成： have/ has +过去分词 1) 表示到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成的动作。 Now we have planted all the trees. He has just come back.2) 表示过去发生的动作, 但强调结果或对现在的影响。 Have you had your supper? I have read the book twice already.在以上两种用法中常跟already, notyet, never, just, before, ever, recently等时间状语。3) 表示过去已经开始, 持续到现在, 也许还会继续下去的动作或状态，常与包括现在在内的一段时间的状语连用。 He has studied English for 6 years. Mary has been busy since she came back from Hangzhou.二 过去分词的构成 1.直接加-ed。如：play-played 2.以字母e结尾的直接加d 。如：name-named 3.以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i加ed。如：carry-carried 4.重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stop-stopped三 现在完成时 Present perfect 句型1.肯定句 “have（has）过去分词”。 注意：该句式中的have或has是助动词，has用于第三人称单数，其它人称一律用have。2.疑问句现在完成时的一般疑问句式是把助动词have或has提到主语之前。 （回答用“Yes，have（has）“No，havent（hasnt）” ）3.否定句：现在完成时的否定句式是“havent（hasnt）过去分词”。 肯定句I have eaten my lunch.She has eaten her lunch.He has eaten his lunch.They have eaten their lunch.否定句I have not (havent) seen the film. She has not (hasnt) seen the film.现在完成时的否定形式：have not (havent) +过去分词 has not (hasnt) +过去分词 I havent eaten supper. eat-eatenHe hasnt changed his idea. change-changedMy mother hasnt come back home. come-come把下列句子改为否定句1. Ive already had dinner. I _ _ dinner _.2. He has just finished his homework. He _ _ his homework _.3. Mums cooked the dinner. Mum _ _ the dinner.4. Susans learned English at school. Susan _ _ English at school.疑问句Have you eaten your breakfast?现在完成时的一般疑问句形式 ： Have/has 提前+过去分词 Have you known Sandy for a long time?Yes, I have/ No, I havent. know-knownHas she eaten anything since 9:00 a.m.Yes, she has/ No, she hasnt. eat-eaten把下列句子改为一般疑问句1. Ive already had dinner. 2. He has just finished his homework. 3. Mums cooked the dinner.4. Susans learned English at school.四 分清与一般过去时的用法现在完成时属于现在时态的范围，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday,last night,three weeks ago,in1990等.而一般过去时只表示过去的动作或状态，和现在不发生关系。eg- I have seen the film.eg- I saw the film last week.eg- He has lived here since 1993.eg- He lived here in 1993. Notes: 1) have gone to 与have been to have gone to表示某人已离开了原地，去了另外某地，说话时，人已不在原地。 have been to表示某人曾去过某地，说话时人已不在某地了。 He has been to Xian twice. 他曾经去过西安两次。（已经回来了） You cant find him. He has gone to Xian. 你找不到他。他去西安了。（没回来）动词填空：1._ you _(clean) the room? Yes, we_(do) that already. When _ you _(do) it? We _(do) it an hour ago.2._ he _(see) this film yet? Yes. When _ he _(see) it? He _ it last week. 3. How many times _you_(come) here? Once.4. I _ (read) the novel twice. Its interesting.5. She _(go) to Pairs, hasnt she? Yes. How _ she _(go) there? She _(go) there by air.6. So far, many countries _(develop) their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8._ you ever _(ride) a horse? Never.9.He _( keep) the book since two days ago.对划线部分提问1. Ive already had dinner. 2. He has just finished his homework. 3. Mums cooked the dinner.4. Susans learned English at school. 五 （for+表示一段时间的词组，since+表示过去某一时刻的词或词组）谓语只可用延续性动词.eg.- Ive lived here for 15 years.eg.- Ive lived here since 15 years ago(1990)选用for和since填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the factory _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6. Its five years _ we met last time练习题:1.Its a long time since we _ (meet) last, isnt it? 2.-I know you _ (choose) a picture book among these. -Yes,Have a look at it, please. 3.So far, spaceships without people _ (reach) the moon and some other parts of the universe. 4.