雅思提升大作文topicsentence.ppt

Topicsentence定义,Thetopicsentenceisageneralstatementthatstatesthemainpointofaparagraph.InEnglishaparagraphisdefinedasalogicalunit,acollectionofsentencescenteringupononeidea.Therefore,therearisesaguidingsentenceindicatingandcontrollingthedevelopmentofthissingleidea.Awell-constructedtopicsentencehelpsthewriterstayfocusedonwhattheyaregoingtowriteabout.Also,aparagraphwithaclearanddirecttopicsentenceiseasierandmorecomfortabletoread.,Topicsentence特点,1)Thetopicsentencemustbeacompletesentence.2)Thetopicsentenceshouldalwayscontainbothatopicandacontrollingidea.TheTopicSentence=Topic+ControllingIdea3)Thetopicsentenceshouldbeneithertoogeneralnortoospecific.,OnesingleIdea,Aneffectivetopicsentencecoversonlyonesingleidea.InEnglishaparagraphissupposedtoelaborateononlyoneaspectofthesubject.Atopicsentencedealingwithtwoormorepointsisweak.Lookatthefollowingexample:Findingtherightjobisimportantandcanleadtorewardingexperiences.Findingtherightjobcanleadtoanimprovedsenseofself-esteem.,OneControllingIdea,Aneffectivetopicsentenceisafocusedonewithacontrollingidea,limitedenoughtobesupportedinoneparagraph.Atoogeneralstatementleadstovaguegeneralities,carryinglittlesubstantialinformation.Atoospecificoneleaveslittleroomforfurtherdevelopment.Lookattheexamples:Throughouthistorypeoplehavetriedtodefineintelligence.AmericanfoodisterriblebecauseAmericansusetoomanyprepackagedfoodsandeverythingisfriedinoilorbutter.,OneControllingIdea,Atopicsentenceshouldbeproperlylimitedtoguideanddeveloptheargument,butatthesametimebegeneralenoughtoleaveroomforelaboration,persuasionorargumentinthebodyoftheparagraph.Thefollowingsentenceisagoodexample.ThemostamazingpresentIreceivedforChristmasin2008wasinfactnotapresent,butthefactthatmyfamilywastogetherforthefirsttimeinsevenyears.,Examples,1)Theimportanceofreadingwidely.Readingwidelyisveryimportantinimprovingonesreadingcomprehension.2)Fireaccidentsinbigcities.Recentlyyearshavewitnessedamarkedgrowthoffireaccidentsinbigcitiesinourcountry.3)Tomakeallthedecisionsforchildren.ParentsinChinatendtomakeallthedecisionsfortheirchildren.,Examples,Thetopictellsthereaderwhattheparagraphisabout.Thecontrollingideaisakeywordorphrasethatexpressesthebasicpointofaparagraph.Note:acontrollingideacommitstheparagraphtoaspecificaspectofthetopic.e.g.1)Conveniencefoodsareeasytoprepare.2)Alcoholicbeveragesshouldbebannedfromcollegecampusesfortworeasons.3)TherearequiteafewunusualsuperstitionsinChinaaboutmarriage.,Practice:Identifythetopicandcontrollingidea,Peoplecanavoidburglariesbytakingcertainprecautions.Thereareseveraladvantagestogrowingupinasmalltown.MostUSuniversitiesrequirea550pointTOEFLscoreforanumberofreasons.AirpollutioninMexicoCityistheworstintheworldforanumberofreasons.Fixingaflattireonabicycleiseasyifyoufollowthesesteps.Ridingabicyclegivespleasure.,Practice:Identifythetopicandcontrollingidea,ThereareseveralenjoyablewaystotravelbetweentheUSandQueretaro.Animalsindangerofbecomingextinctcomefromawiderangeofcountries.Effectiveleadershiprequiresspecificqualitiesthatanyonecandevelop.IndustrialwastepouredintoLakeMichiganhasledtodramaticchangesinitsabilitytosupportmarinelife.InordertofullyexplorethewreckoftheTitanic,scientistsmustaddressseveralproblems.,Howtowriteagoodtopicsentence?,Atopicsentencemustincludeyourtopicandanopinionoryourcontrollingidea.Generallyspeaking,topicsentencesare:ShortSimpleClearGiveastrongideaOftenusephrasessuchas:,常用句型,OneofthemainreasonsforOneofthemajorfactorsinis.Generallyspeaking,Oneofthestrongestargumentsagainst/infavourofisOneofthemainadvantages/disadvantagesofis,Practice:1,.Unlikeonesmothertonguewhichisheardandpracticedalmostatanytime,aforeignlanguageisonlylearnedandtaughtinclass.Thetimearrangementisusallyabout2to4periodsaweek,whichisobviouslynotenoughforfluencyandproficiency.Ideally,anextratwoormorehoursareneededifyoureallywanttoseeimprovement.Youneedtoreadmore,listenmore,speakmoretomakesomeprogresseveryday.,Practice:,TheSecretofSuccessItgoeswithoutsayingthatthereisnoshortcutononeswaytosuccess.Theimportantthinginlife.Livingwithoutagoalislikesailingwithoutacompass.Thisisespeciallytrueofsomeuniversitystudents.Wheninhighschool,theirgoalwassimpleandclear-topassthecollegeentranceexamandenteranidealuniversity.Now,however,someofthemseemtohavelostthemselvesoncampus.Lackofpurposeisthecauseofmostofourfailures.,Practice:3,OneofthestrongestargumentsinfavourofisthatResearchshowsthatthereisanincreasingnumberofoverweightchildreninthedevelopedworldandthatthereisalinkbetweentheamountoftimespentinfrontofscreensandbeingoverweight.Ifchildrenwerenotallowedtobeonscreens,theywouldfindotherwaystoentertainthemselves,andthiswouldincludeplayinggamesandsports.Researchalsoshowsthatactivechildrengrowintoactiveadultssorestrictingscreentimeforchildrenwouldhavealifelongimpactonthepeopleconcerned.,Howtowriteagoodtopicsentence?2,Anothertricktowritingagoodtopicsentenceistousenumbers.ForExample:Thereareseveral/afewreasonswhy.Therearemanystepsleadingtosuccess.Severalfactorsmaycontributeto.Thereareseveralwaystoimproveonesconfidence.Thereisanewmethodtoreducethecost.Twocausesmayexplainwhy.forthreereasons.,Practice1,Thereareseveralreasonswhy.First,Englishisaforeignlanguage.TheyhavelittlechanceofcontactingthelanguageotherthaninanEnglishclass.Second,EnglishcannotalwaysmatchChinesewordforword,sotheyfeelreallypuzzledanddepressedwhentheytrytospeakorwriteit.LastbutnotleastisthatfewstudentscanfindachancetocommunicatewithanativespeakerthoughtheyaretoldthatEnglishisveryimportant.,Practice2,.Thefirstandforemostshouldbethedevelopmentofeconomy.Abetterandaffluentlifewouldinvitealongingforastable,peacefulandharmoniouslife,thusrulesandregulationsareneccesarytoteachpeoplewhatshoulddoandwhatshouldnotdo.Hencecamemoralityandthemakingoflawtoencourageacceptablebehaviorandconductsandpunishthosewhowoulddaretoviolatemoralityandbreakthelaw.,HowtoWriteaGoodTopicSentence3,Topicsentencefornegativeeffects,results,problems,consequences,influences,impacts,implications,drawbacks,shortcomings,disadvantages.1)Itgoeswithoutsayingthatsuch(topic)willbringabout(entail,cause,produce,resultin,generate)dreadful(serious,undesirable,severe,unhealthy,bad,harmful,malign不良的)consequences.2)(Topic)willcause(produce,bringbaout,generate)anegative(profound,harmful,malign,undesirable)influence/effecton.,HowtoWriteaGoodTopicSentence3,3)(Topic)mayarouse(cause,produce,bringabout,generate)panic(fear/terror/worry)amongpeople;(doubtabout.;arise/declinein.;concernover/about.)4.Undoubtedly,(topic)threatenstodomoreharmthangoodtooursociety.5.Thedsiadvantagesof(topic)surelyoutweighstheadvantages.,HowtoWriteaG