2016届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三教学情况调研二英语试题-解析版

2016届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三教学情况调研（二）英语试题（解析版）注意本试卷分第一卷选择题和第二卷非选择题两部分。两部分答案都做在答题纸上。总分为120分。考试时间120分钟。第一卷（选择题共85分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分20分略第二部分英语知识运用共两节,满分35分第一节单项选择共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分请认真阅读下面各题,从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。21INPUBLICPLACES,IMPROVEDCHILDCAREFACILITIESWILLBENEFIT_GENDERS,NOTJUSTWOMENABOTHBALLCEITHERDOTHER【答案】A【解析】试题分析句意在公共场所，改善托儿设施将受益于两性，而不仅仅是妇女。ABOTH两个；BALL所有，指三者以上；CEITHER二选一；DOTHER其他的，GENDER是性别，结合句意可知是男女，故选A。考点考查代词的用法。22COMPETITIONFORENTRYTOTHESEPROGRAMSISKEEN,ANDAPPLICANTSNEEDABOVEAVERAGEGRADESTOGAIN_AAMBITIONBPREFERENCECADMISSIONDCOMPETENCE【答案】C【解析】试题分析句意参与这个项目的竞争非常激烈，申请人需要高于平均水平的成绩，才能获得许可。AAMBITION雄心，野心；BPREFERENCE偏好；CADMISSION许可；DCOMPETENCE能力，胜任。根据题意可知，选C。考点考查名词的用法。23THEMANAGERHASNOTMADEUPHISMINDYET_WHOWILLBEINCHARGEOFTHEPROJECTAASTOBNEXTTOCOWINGTODACCORDINGTO【答案】A【解析】试题分析句意经理就关于谁将负责这一项目一事还没有下定决心。AASTO关于；BNEXTTO紧挨着；COWINGTO因为；DACCORDINGTO根据。故选A。考点考查短语的用法。24WHATDOYOUTHINKOFHISNEWLYPUBLISHEDBOOKITSTHEBESTONEHE_,BUTTHATSNOTSAYINGMUCHAWROTEBISWRITINGCHASWRITTENDWILLWRITE【答案】C【解析】试题分析句意你觉得他新出版的书怎么样这是他写过的最好的书，但不用多说。根据语境可知，HE_是定语从句修饰先行词THEBESTONE，这里是过去的是对现在的影响，一个用现在完成时HASWRITTEN，故选C。考点考查动词的时态的用法。25INTIMEOFANGER,DOYOURSELFAFAVORBY_ITINAQUIETPLACESOTHATYOUWONTBEHURTBYITSFLAMESARELEASINGBRECOVERINGCREFRESHINGDRECYCLING【答案】A【解析】试题分析句意在愤怒的时候，帮助自己通过在一个安静的地方释放一下，这样你就不会被它的火焰伤害了。ARELEASING释放；BRECOVERING恢复，再生；CREFRESHING恢复精神；DRECYCLING回收利用。故选A。考点考查动词的用法。26WEMUSTBEINAPLACEOFPEACEANDFAITH,SOINTERNALCONFLICTANDDISBELIEFDONOTHOLDBACK_ITISPOSSIBLEFORUSTOACHIEVEAHOWBWHATCWHYDWHERE【答案】B【解析】试题分析句意我们必须在一个有和平和信念的地方，这样内部冲突和怀疑就挡不住我们可能得到的东西。这里用WHAT在宾语从句中做宾语，故选B。考点考查疑问词的用法。27ARECENTRESEARCHSHOWSSMOKINGANDDRINKING_WITHYOURBODYSABILITYTOPROCESSOXYGEN,THUSGREATLYAFFECTINGYOURHEALTHAIDENTIFYBCORRESPONDCCOMBINEDINTERFERE【答案】D【解析】试题分析句意最近一项研究显示，吸烟和饮酒影响你的身体吸收氧气的能力，从而极大地影响你的健康。AIDENTIFY确定；BCORRESPOND对应；CCOMBINE结合；DINTERFERE干扰。故选D。考点考查动词的用法。28WESHOULDPROTECTOURENVIRONMENTFROMBEINGPOLLUTED_OURNEXTGENERATIONWILLENJOYABLUESKYANDLIVEAHEALTHYLIFEAASIFBSOTHATCEVENIFDINCASE【答案】B【解析】试题分析句意我们应该保护我们的环境免受污染，这样我们的下一代就可以享受蔚蓝的天空，过健康的生活。AASIF似乎；BSOTHAT以便，为的是；CEVENIF即使；DINCASE以防万一。故选B。考点考查连词的用法。29ALPHAGOSBEATINGGOGRANDMASTERLEESEDOL41HAS_ANINTERNATIONALDEBATEABOUTWHETHERROBOTSWILLCOMPLETELYTAKETHEPLACEOFHUMANSAGIVEOFFBWORKOUTCSETOFFDPUTOUT【答案】C【解析】试题分析句意人工智能机器人阿尔法围棋以41打败围棋大师李世石引发了一场关于机器人将完全取代人类的国际争论。AGIVEOFF发出；BWORKOUT算出；CSETOFF动身，引起；DPUTOUT熄灭，故选C。考点考查动词短语的用法。30INSEPTEMBEROF2016,THEG20SUMMITWILLBEHELDINHANGZHOU,_THEMEISTOSTRESSINNOVATION,REFORMANDDEVELOPMENTAWHEREBWHICHCWHENDWHOSE【答案】D【解析】试题分析句意在2016年9月，20国集团峰会将在杭州举行，它的主题是强调创新、改革和发展。WHOSE在定语从句中做定语，故选D。考点考查定语从句关系词的用法。31IREMEMBERWHENIWASACHILD_WITHHOWMANYTOYSMYCOUSINHADAIMPRESSINGBTOIMPRESSCBEINGIMPRESSEDDIMPRESSED【答案】C【解析】试题分析句意我记得在我小时候我印象最深的是我表哥有很多的玩具。REMEMBER动词的ING形式，意思是记得做过某事，IMPRESSSOMEBODYWITHSOMETHING给人留下深刻印象的东西，所以这里用被动形式表示和主语是被动关系，故选C。考点考查非谓语动词的被动形式的用法。32HOWCANILIVEMYDREAMSINASHORTTIMEBEPRACTICALBETWEENYOUANDYOURDREAMS_ALOTOFHARDWORKASTANDBSTANDSCISSTANDINGDARESTANDING【答案】B【解析】试题分析句意我怎么能在短时间内实现我的梦想实际一些。你和你的梦想之间还有大量艰苦工作。BETWEENYOUANDYOURDREAMS是介词短语，位于句首，句子用倒装形式，WORK是不可数名词，用单三形式说明现在的情况，故选B。考点考查倒装句的用法。33MRSIMMONSALWAYSTRIESTOMAKEMEKEEPINMINDTHATHOWMUCHEASIERMYLIFE_IFIWEREBETTERORGANIZEDAWILLBEBWOULDHAVEBEENCWOULDBEDWILLHAVEBEEN【答案】C【解析】试题分析句意西蒙先生总是试图让我记住，要是我安排有序的话，我的生活会更容易多。IFIWEREBETTERORGANIZED提示是虚拟语气，与现在事实相反用WOULD加动词原形。故选C。考点考查虚拟语气的用法。34LEARNINGFROM_MISTAKESCANHELPUSKEEPCONSCIOUSANDAVOIDREPEATINGTHEMINTHEDAYSTOCOMEAPREVIOUSBCURIOUSCOBVIOUSDRIDICULOUS【答案】A【解析】试题分析句意吸取以前的错误可以帮助我们保持清醒，避免在未来的日子重复这些错误。APREVIOUS以前；BCURIOUS好奇；COBVIOUS明显；DRIDICULOUS荒谬。故选A。考点考查形容词的用法。35HOWCOMETOMPICKEDAQUARRELWITHHISWIFE_WEALSOHAVETHEOCCASIONALARGUMENTAWHATSONBHOWSTHATCWHODOESNTDWHYNOT【答案】C【解析】试题分析句意怎么汤姆和他的妻子吵架了谁不吵架呀我们偶尔也争论。AWHATSON怎么啦，发生什么事了BHOWSTHAT怎么回事CWHODOESNT谁不会有这样的事呀DWHYNOT为什么不故选C。考点考查日常交际用语的用法。第二节完形填空共20小题；每小题1分,满分20分请认真阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。HOWMANYLICKS舔DOESITTAKETOGETTOTHECENTEROFATOOTSIEPOP棒棒糖THEFIRSTTIMEIHEARDTHISINTHETOOTSIEPOPCOMMERCIAL,IWASFIVEYEARSOLDIIMMEDIATELYSTARTED36ANDCOUNTINGAFTERABOUTTWOHUNDREDLICKSORSO,ISTOPPEDTHE37OFTHECHEWYCENTERHADPROVENTOBETOOGREAT,ANDI38MYWAYTHROUGHTHEHARDSHELL外壳TOTHEVERYCENTERBESIDES,I39KNEWHOWMANYLICKSITTOOKTOGETTOTHECENTERTHREETHATSHOWMANYLICKSITTOOKTHEOWL猫头鹰INTHECOMMERCIALTOGETTOTHECENTER,SOTHAT,TOME,WASTHE40ANSWERINHIGHSCHOOL,IHELDTOTHETOOTSIEPOP41TOME,THEANSWERWASSTILLALWAYSTHREELICKSINMYFRESHMANYEAR,IJOINEDTHEMODELUNITEDNATIONS42INMYSCHOOLTHECHAIRPOSITIONHAD43THECENTEROFTHETOOTSIEPOPANDMY44HADBECOMEVARIOUSOTHERSTUDENTSTHEFIRSTSOCALLED“OWL”WASERICWHOHADLUCKILY45THEPRESTIGIOUS声望高的CHAIRPOSITIONSO,IDECIDED,46ERICREACHEDTHECENTERINONLYONELICK,THATSHOWMANYLICKSITSHOULDTAKEMEIWENTTOTHETRYOUTSWITHAVIEWTOOBTAININGTHEPOSITIONBUT47ATTHEENDOFMYSOPHOMORE高二YEAR,ANEWOWLNAMEDIRISHAD48ACHIEVEDTHECHAIRPOSITIONAFTERTRYINGTWICEIBEGANWORKINGHARDAGAINBUTTHENAGAIN,IDIDNOTMAKEA49OFITNOW,SLIGHTLYFRUSTRATEDAFTER50TWOOWLS,IFOUNDANEWOWL,EVANITHADTAKENHIMTHREELICKSTOGETTOTHE“CENTER”THREEWASALLICOULD51ITWASWIDELYKNOWNTHATSENIORYEARWASTHE52YEARTOBECOMECHAIRITHOUGHTABOUT53THEPROGRAM,BUTONSECONDTHOUGHTS,IDECIDEDTOCONTINUEELEVENYEARSLATER,IVISITEDTHEOFFICIALTOOTSIEPOPWEBSITETOFINDTHEREALANSWERTOTHEQUESTIONTHATHAD54MEMYENTIREHIGHSCHOOLLIFEIFINALLYUNDERSTOODHOWEVERMANYLICKSITTAKESTOGETTOTHECENTEROFTHETOOTSIEPOPDEPENDSONHOWEVERMANYLICKSI55TOTAKENOTHOWMANYTHEOTHEROWLSTAKE36ADREAMINGBADMIRINGCLICKINGDCHEWING37ATEMPTATIONBAPPEARANCECPOWERDDISCOVERY38AFOUGHTBFOLLOWEDCMADEDBIT39ASELDOMBNEVERCALREADYDNEARLY40ABRIEFBRIGHTCRANDOMDTEMPORARY41ACOMMERCIALBPLANCPHILOSOPHYDCUSTOM42APROGRAMBCONFERENCECTITLEDACTIVITY43ABECOMEBCHANGEDCDETERMINEDDEXPLORED44ASHELLBHOPECOWLDCOMPANION45ANOTICEDBSHIFTEDCIMPROVEDDLANDED46AUNLESSBIFCBEFOREDUNTIL47AFAILEDBQUITTEDCSURVIVEDDSTRUGGLED48AYETBEVENCSTILLDALSO49APROMISEBSUCCESSCPOINTDJOKE50AINTERACTINGWITHBFRIGHTENINGAWAYCGOINGTHROUGHDDEALINGWITH51AAFFORDBHOLDCADMITDEXPECT52AMIDDLEBGAPCLASTDINITIAL53AWINNINGBCRITICIZINGCQUITTINGDARRANGING54AMOTIVATEDBTROUBLEDCATTRACTEDDINSTRUCTED55ALEARNBAGREECREFUSEDCHOOSE【答案】36C37A38D39C40B41C42A43A44C45D46B47A48D49B50C51A52C53C54B55D【解析】试题分析你要舔多少下才能到棒棒糖的中间，我一直认为广告里的猫头鹰舔三下是正确答案，而生活告诉我们用多少下吃到中间得看人们想用多少下，而不是他人。36C考查动词和对语境的理解。ADREAMING梦想；BADMIRING欣赏；CLICKING舔；DCHEWING嚼。根据题目可知这里选C，意思是舔棒棒糖。37A考查名词和对语境的理解。ATEMPTATION引诱；BAPPEARANCE外表；CPOWER力量；DDISCOVERY发现。舔到中间的诱惑力证明很强大。因为前面提到大约舔了200下左右。故选A。38D考查动词和对语境的理解。AFOUGHT斗争；BFOLLOWED跟随；CMADE使得；DBIT咬。这里还在说从外面一直舔到最中间。BIT和LICKED意思接近，故选D。39C考查副词和对语境的理解。ASELDOM很少；BNEVER从不；CALREADY已经；DNEARLY几乎。而且我已经知道需要多少下就可以到中心。故选C。40B考查形容词和对语境的理解。ABRIEF简洁的；BRIGHT正确的；CRANDOM任意的；DTEMPORARY暂时的。在广告片中猫头鹰舔了三下就到中间了，我也是这样。根据下文的TOME,THEANSWERWASSTILLALWAYSTHREELICKS可知，选B。41C考查名词和对语境的理解。ACOMMERCIAL商业广告；BPLAN计划；CPHILOSOPHY哲学；DCUSTOM习惯。吃棒棒糖的哲理我一直坚信。故选C。42A考查名词和对语境的理解。APROGRAM项目计划；BCONFERENCE会议；CTITLE题目；DACTIVITY活动。在第一年我加入了我们学校的模拟联合国的项目，下文的ITHOUGHTABOUT53THEPROGRAM,提示，故选A。43A考查动词和对语境的理解。ABECOME成为；BCHANGED改变；CDETERMINED决心；DEXPLORED探索。主席的位置成为了棒棒糖的中心。故选A。44C考查名词和对语境的理解。ASHELL贝壳；BHOPE希望；COWL猫头鹰；DCOMPANION同伴。根据下文的THEFIRSTSOCALLED“OWL”WASERIC可知，这里选C。45D考查动词和对语境的理解。ANOTICED注意到；BSHIFTED移动；CIMPROVED改善；DLANDED登陆；ERIC很幸运登上了主席的位置。故选D。46B考查连词和对语境的理解。AUNLESS除非；BIF如果；CBEFORE之前；DUNTIL直到才，如果他一下就当了主席，我也能。故选B。47A考查动词和对语境的理解。AFAILED失败；BQUITTED停止；CSURVIVED幸存；DSTRUGGLED挣扎。我去参加选拔赛认为能获得这个职位但是失败了，下文有第二次。故选A。48D考查副词和对语境的理解。AYET但是；BEVEN甚至；CSTILL仍然；DALSO也。第二年一个叫IRIS的也在试了两次后也获得了主席的位置，故选D。49B考查名词和对语境的理解。APROMISE诺言；BSUCCESS成功；CPOINT要点，得分；DJOKE玩笑。我努力但是没有成功。故选B。50C考查动词和对语境的理解。AINTERACTINGWITH相互作用；BFRIGHTENINGAWAY吓走；CGOINGTHROUGH经历；DDEALINGWITH处理。经历了前两次的事情有些受挫，我找到一个新的榜样EVAN。故选C。51A考查动词和对语境的理解。AAFFORD担负得起；BHOLD容纳；CADMIT允许；DEXPECT期待。我心里能承受得到次数是三次，故选A。52C考查形容词和对语境的理解。AMIDDLE中间；BGAP差距；CLAST最后的；DINITIAL最初的。三年级是最后一年成为主席的一年，故选C。53C考查动词和对语境的理解。AWINNING赢得；BCRITICIZING批评；CQUITTING停止；DARRANGING安排。我想过停止这个计划，但是再三考虑后决定继续。故选C。54B考查动词和对语境的理解。AMOTIVATED激发；BTROUBLED困扰；CATTRACTED进攻；DINSTRUCTED指示。我想知道困扰我三年的问题的答案，故选B。55D考查动词和对语境的理解。ALEARN学习；BAGREE同意；CREFUSE拒绝；DCHOOSE选择。我选择用多少次吃完棒棒糖，而不是别的人用的次数。故选D。考点考查故事类短文的阅读。第三部分阅读理解共15小题每小题2分,满分30分请认真阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。ATEDXISAGLOBALPROGRAMTHATISBROUGHTTOLIFEBYTHOUSANDSOFINDIVIDUALSALLOVERTHEWORLDBYORGANIZINGATEDXEVENT,YOUCANCREATEAUNIQUEGATHERINGINYOURCOMMUNITYTHATWILLUNLEASH释放NEWIDEAS,INSPIREANDINFORMHERE,YOULLFINDTHECOMPLETESETOFRULESFORORGANIZINGATEDXEVENT,FROMSTARTTOFINISHTHERULESARENONNEGOTIABLEANDMANDATORY强制的FORALLTEDXEVENTORGANIZERSBECAUSEITSBOTHOURJOBANDYOURSTOMAINTAINTHEINTEGRITYOFTHETEDXVISIONSPIRIT/PURPOSEYOUREVENTMUSTMAINTAINTHESPIRITOFTEDITSELFFOCUSEDONTHEPOWEROFIDEASTOCHANGEATTITUDES,LIVESANDULTIMATELY,THEWORLDTEDXEVENTSARENOTSINGLETOPICDRIVENLENGTHYOUREVENTMAYNOTEXCEEDONEDAYINLENGTHLOCATIONTEDALLOCATESONELOCATIONBASEDLICENSESERIESPERAPPLICANTYOUMUSTLIVEINTHECITYFORWHICHYOUAREAPPLYINGFORALICENSEYOURTEDXEVENTMUSTHAPPENINTHECITYFORWHICHYOURECEIVEDTHELICENSEFUNDSYOUMAYNOTUSEYOUREVENTTOMAKEMONEYYOUMAYNOTUSEYOUREVENTTORAISEFUNDSFORCHARITIESOROTHERORGANIZATIONSADMISSIONBASEDONAPPROVALFROMTED,YOUCANCHARGEANATTENDANCEFEEFORATEDXEVENTFEATURINGLIVESPEAKERSINORDERTOCHARGEANADMISSIONFEE,YOUMUSTFIRSTSUBMITYOURPROPOSEDTICKETPRICEFORAPPROVALFROMTEDATTENDANCEUPTO100INDIVIDUALSMAYATTENDYOUREVENTONLYINDIVIDUALSWHOHAVEATTENDEDANOFFICIALTEDCONFERENCEMAYORGANIZEANEVENTWITHMORETHAN100ATTENDEESHAVINGATTENDEDONEORMULTIPLETEDXEVENTSORTEDWOMENDOESNOTQUALIFYYOUTOHOSTANEVENTFORMORETHAN100GUESTSNAMINGTEDXEVENTSARENAMEDAFTERLOCATIONS,SUCHASCITIES,NEIGHBORHOODS,STREETSETC,ANDAIMTOSERVETHATNAMEDCOMMUNITYEVENTNAMESMUSTCOMPLYWITHTHEGUIDELINESLAIDOUTINNAMINGYOUREVENT56ACCORDINGTOTHERULES,ATEDXEVENTORGANIZERISSUPPOSEDTO_AEXTENDTHEEVENTTOONEDAYBHOSTTHEEVENTINDIFFERENTCITIESCFOCUSONONETEDTOPICDNAMETHEEVENTAFTERLOCATIONS57WHOISQUALIFIEDTOHOSTATEDXEVENTFOROVER100GUESTSAANORGANIZATIONWHICHINTENDSTOMAKESOMEMONEYFORCHARITIESBANINDIVIDUALWHOHASSUBMITTEDHISPROPOSEDTICKETPRICECAPERSONWHOHASATTENDEDANOFFICIALTEDCONFERENCEDAWOMANWHOHASATTENDEDNUMEROUSTEDXEVENTS【答案】56D57C【解析】试题分析TEDX是一个全球的项目，给数以千计的世界各地的人们带来生机。通过组织TEDX活动，您可以开一个独特的聚会，具体要求请认真阅读各项说明。56D细节理解题。LENGTHYOUREVENTMAYNOTEXCEEDONEDAYINLENGTH告诉我们活动时长不超过一天；LOCATION的内容告诉我们在那里得到许可证就在那里举办活动；SPIRIT/PURPOSE中的内容告诉我们，该活动不是单一的；最后一部分的TEDXEVENTSARENAMEDAFTERLOCATIONS,SUCHASCITIES,NEIGHBORHOODS,STREETSETC,ANDAIMTOSERVETHATNAMEDCOMMUNITY提到活动根据地点来命名。本题要求选和文章相符合的，故选D。57C细节理解题。根据ONLYINDIVIDUALSWHOHAVEATTENDEDANOFFICIALTEDCONFERENCEMAYORGANIZEANEVENTWITHMORETHAN100ATTENDEES可知，参加过官方TED大会的个人才可以举办100人以上的活动，故选C。考点社会生活类短文阅读。BCOMPUTERPOWERISMOVINGINTOTHE“CLOUD”NETWORKSOFDATACENTRESTHATUSETHEINTERNETTOSUPPLYALLKINDSOFSERVICES,FROMEMAILANDSOCIALNETWORKSTODATASTORAGEANDANALYSISTHERISEOFCLOUDCOMPUTINGISRAPIDANDCAUSINGHUGECHANGESINTHETECHINDUSTRYTHEOLDGUARDISSUFFERINGTHISWEEKS67BILLIONMERGER合并BETWEENDELLANDEMC,MAKERSOFCOMPUTERSANDSTORAGEDEVICESRESPECTIVELY分别,WASAMARRIAGEFORCEDBYTHERISEOFTHECLOUDDISRUPTIVE捣乱的NEWCOMERSAREBLOOMINGIFAMAZONSCLOUDCOMPUTINGUNITWEREASTANDALONEPUBLICCOMPANY,ITWOULDPROBABLYBEWORTHALMOSTASMUCHASDELLANDEMCCOMBINEDTHEGAINSFORCUSTOMERSHAVEBEENEQUALLYDRAMATICCOMPAREDWITHOLDERITSYSTEMS,CLOUDCOMPUTINGISOFTENMUCHCHEAPERITADDSTREMENDOUSFLEXIBILITYFIRMSTHATNEEDMORECOMPUTINGCAPACITYNOLONGERHAVETOSPENDWEEKSADDINGNEWSERVERSANDINSTALLINGSOFTWAREINTHECLOUDTHEYCANGETHOLDOFITINMINUTESTHEIRAPPLICATIONSCANBEUPDATEDCONTINUALLY,RATHERTHANJUSTEVERYFEWMONTHSINDIVIDUALUSERSCANREACHTHEIREMAILS,FILESANDPHOTOSFROMANYDEVICEANDCLOUDSERVICESALSOTENDTOBEMORESECURE,SINCEPROVIDERSKNOWBETTERTHANTHEIRCUSTOMERSHOWTOPROTECTTHEIRCOMPUTINGSYSTEMSAGAINSTHACKERSBUTCLOUDCOMPUTINGMAKESONEPROBLEMWORSEINTHEOLDITWORLD,ONCEAFIRMORACONSUMERHADDECIDEDONANOPERATINGSYSTEMORDATABASE,ITWASDIFFICULTANDCOSTLYTOSWITCHTOANOTHERINTHECLOUDTHIS“LOCKIN”ISEVENWORSECLOUDPROVIDERSGOTOGREATLENGTHSTOMAKEITEASYTOUPLOADDATATHEYACCUMULATEHUGEAMOUNTSOFCOMPLEXINFORMATION,WHICHCANNOTEASILYBEMOVEDTOANALTERNATIVEPROVIDERCLOUDFIRMSALSOCREATEAWORLDOFINTERCONNECTEDSERVICES,SOFTWAREANDDEVICES,WHICHISCONVENIENTBUTONLYFORASLONGASYOUDONTVENTURE冒险OUTSIDETHEIRUNIVERSEBEINGLOCKEDINTOAPROVIDERISRISKYFIRMSCANSTARTTOTIGHTENTHESCREWSBYINCREASINGPRICESIFACLOUDPROVIDERGOESBUST崩溃,ITSCUSTOMERSMAYHAVETROUBLEGETTINGBACKTHEIRDATATHESERISKSHAVEALREADYCAUSEDADEBATEABOUTWHETHERTHECLOUDNEEDSSTRICTERREGULATIONSOMEEUROPEANPOLITICIANSWANTTOFORCECLOUDPROVIDERSTOENSURETHATDATACANBEMOVEDBETWEENTHEMTHATISTOOHEAVYHANDED,BECAUSESTRICTRULESWILLINHIBIT阻碍INNOVATIONINWHATISSTILLAYOUNGINDUSTRYTHEHISTORYOFCOMPUTINGSUGGESTSTHATCOMMONSTANDARDSMAYWELLAPPEARNATURALLYINRESPONSETOCUSTOMERSDEMANDSJUSTASINPERSONALCOMPUTERS,WHEREITISNOWMUCHEASIERTOUSETHESAMEFILESONDIFFERENTSYSTEMSINTHEMEANTIME,AFEWCOMMONSENSEMEASURESCANREDUCETHERISKOFLOCKINFIRMSTHATUSEMORETHANONECLOUDPROVIDERTOHOSTTHEIRDATAARELESSAFFECTEDSOARETHOSETHATKEEPTHEIRMOSTIMPORTANTINFORMATIONINTHEIROWNDATACENTRESCONSUMERSCANTAKEPRECAUTIONS,TOOSOMESERVICESAREBETTERTHANOTHERSATENABLINGUSERSTOMOVEDATABETWEENPROVIDERSGOOGLEDOESWELLONTHISSCORECLOUDCOMPUTINGPROMISESITSUSERSMANYBENEFITS,BUTDONTMISTAKEITFORSOMESORTOFDIGITALHEAVEN58THEAUTHORTAKES“THEMERGERBETWEENDELLANDEMC”FOREXAMPLETOSHOW_ATHEINFLUENCEOFCLOUDCOMPUTINGONCOMPUTERANDSTORAGEDEVICEMAKERSBTHEMISERABLESUFFERINGSOFOLDCOMPUTERCOMPANIESCTHERAPIDDEVELOPMENTOFNEWCOMPUTERCOMPANIESDTHEINTERACTIONBETWEENOLDCOMPANIESANDNEWCOMERS59WITHWIDEAPPLICATIONSOFCLOUDCOMPUTINGCUSTOMERSCAN_APAYLESSFORTHEOLDERITSYSTEMSBGAINMORECOMPUTINGCAPACITYQUICKLYCKNOWBETTERABOUTDEFEATINGTHEHACKERSDINSTALLSOFTWAREWITHINWEEKS60THEPROBLEMOF“LOCKIN”CANBEDANGEROUSBECAUSE_AITSHOULDENSUREDATACANEASILYBEMOVEDTOANOTHERPROVIDERBITCANCREATEANETWORKOFSERVICESCONNECTEDWITHDEVICESCITMAYMAKEITDIFFICULTFORCUSTOMERSTORECOVERTHEIRDATADITWILLDISCOURAGEANARGUMENTABOUTSTRICTERRULES61ITCANBEINFERREDFROMTHELASTTWOPARAGRAPHSTHAT_ATHEEUROPEANPOLITICIANSADVICEISPERFECTBCUSTOMERSDEMANDSPLAYAROLEINSETTINGSTANDARDSCLOCKINISCAUSEDBYFIRMSSTORINGINFORMATIONINTHEIROWNCENTRESDGOOGLEENABLESUSERSTOPROVIDESERVICESANDMOVEDATA62WHICHOFTHEFOLLOWINGSAYINGSCANBESTEXPRESSTHEMAINIDEAOFTHEPASSAGEAEVERYTHINGHASITSTIMEANDTHATTIMEMUSTBEWATCHEDBTHEGRASSLOOKSGREENERONTHEOTHERSIDEOFTHEFENCECACANDLELIGHTSOTHERSANDCONSUMESITSELFDEVERYWHITEHASITSBLACK,ANDEVERYSWEETHASITSSOUR【答案】58A59B60C61B62D【解析】考点科技类短文阅读。CSCIENTISTSHAVEEXACTLYDISCOVEREDTHESETOFBRAINCELLSINVOLVEDINMAKINGRISKYDECISIONS,ANDHAVEBEENABLETOCONTROLTHEMINRATSUSINGTARGETEDLIGHTBYCHANGINGTHEACTIVITYOFTHECELLSTHEYWEREABLETOCHANGETHEBEHAVIOUROFRISKTAKINGRATSTOAVOIDRISK,HINTINGTHEAPPROACHCOULDINFUTUREBEUSEDTOTREATPEOPLEWITHIMPULSE冲动CONTROLPROBLEMSRISKTAKINGISAKEYPARTOFSURVIVAL,KNOWINGWHENTOTAKEACHANCECOULDPAYOFFSUCHASMOVINGTOANEWAREATOLOOKFORFOODWHENPICKINGSARESLIMWHILEALLANIMALSNEEDANELEMENTOFRISK,THEPREFERENCETOWARDSITVARIESBETWEENINDIVIDUALSRESEARCHERSFOUNDTHISVARIATION,WHICHDETERMINESHOWRISKAVERSEANINDIVIDUALIS,ISREGULATEDBYBRAINCELLSINAREGIONOFTHEBRAINCALLEDTHENUCLEUSACCUMBENSTHISCLUSTEROFNEURONSRELEASESTHENEUROTRANSMITTERDOPAMINE,WHICHREGULATESTHEBRAINSREWARDANDPLEASURECENTRESPREVIOUSSTUDIESHAVESHOWNTHATINPATIENTSWITHPARKINSONSDISEASE,TAKINGMEDICATIONWHICHBLOCKSSPECIFICDOPAMINERECEPTORSDR2受体LEADSTOINCREASEDGAMBLING赌博BEHAVIOURANDRISKTAKINGBEHAVIOURINSTUDIESWITHRATS,RESEARCHERSWEREABLETOUSEATECHNIQUECALLEDOPTOGENETICS光遗传学WHICHUSESLIGHTSENSITIVEPROTEINSTOCHANGETHEACTIVITYOFCELLSTOMODIFYCELLSWITHDR2INTHENUCLEUSACCUMBENSRATSWERETRAINEDTOCHOOSEONEOFTWOLEVERS,OFFERINGTHEMACHOICEBETWEENA“SAFE”OR“RISKY”CHOICETHESAFEOPTIONRESULTEDINASMALL,BUTCONSISTENTAMOUNTOFASUGARWATERTREATBUTTHERISKYCHOICECONSISTENTLYDELIVEREDSMALLERAMOUNTSOFSUGARWATER,WITHTHEOCCASIONALLARGEPAYOFFESSENTIALLYENCOURAGINGTHEANIMALSTOGAMBLEFORABIGGERPRIZEAROUNDTWOTHIRDSOFTHEANIMALSWERENTKEENONRISK,OPTINGFORTHESAFEOPTION,BUTTHEREMAININGTHIRDWERERISKSEEKERSBRAINSCANSOFTHEANIMALSSHOWEDTHATTHOSEWITHLOWLEVELSOFDR2CONSISTENTLYWENTFORTHEGAMBLEBUTUSINGPULSESOFLIGHTTOSTIMULATE刺激THEDR2CELLSANDIMPROVETHEIRACTIVITYCOULDCAUSETHERISKTAKERSTOPLAYITSAFEANDOPTFORTHEGUARANTEEDBUTLESSREWARDINGOPTIONONCETHELIGHTPULSESSTOPPED,THERISKTAKERSRETURNEDTOTHEIRGAMBLINGSTRATEGYINTHERISKAVERSEANIMALS,STIMULATINGTHESAMECELLSHADLITTLETONOEFFECTPROFESSORKARLDEISSEROTH,OFSTANFORDUNIVERSITYINCALIFORNIA,SAID“HUMANSANDRATSHAVESIMILARBRAINSTRUCTURESINVOLVED”ANDWEFOUNDADRUGKNOWNTOINCREASERISKPREFERENCEINPEOPLEHADTHESAMEEFFECTONTHERATSSOEVERYINDICATIONISTHATTHESEFINDINGSARERELEVANTTOHUMANS“RISKYBEHAVIORHASITSMOMENTSWHEREITSVALUABLEASASPECIES,WEWOULDNTHAVECOMEASFARASWEHAVEWITHOUTIT”63THEVARIATIONINPEOPLESPREFERENCETOWARDSRISKSISDIRECTLYREGULATEDBY_ANUCLEUSACCUMBENSBLIGHTSENSITIVEPROTEINSCNEURONSDDOPAMINE64FROMTHEEXPERIMENTWITHRATS,WECANCONCLUDETHAT_ATHELACKOFDR2CELLSRESULTSINASAFEOPTIONBTHELEVELSOFDR2HAVELITTLETODOWITHTHEIRCHOICESCTHEHIGHLEVELSOFDR2CANMAKEANIMALSAVOIDRISKSDTHERISKYCHOICEISALESSREWARDINGOPTION65THEUNDERLINEDWORDSINPARAGRAPH7MOSTLIKELYMEANTHEANIMALSTHATARE_AWILLINGTOTAKEBIGRISKSBRELUCTANTTOTAKERISKSCFONDOFGAMBLINGSTRATEGYDAFRAIDOFRECEIVINGSTIMULATION66WHATCANBEINFERREDFROMWHATPROFESSORKARLDEISSEROTHSAIDAHUMANSANDRATSDIFFERINTHEIRPREFERENCEFORRISKTAKINGBTOOMUCHRISKTAKINGCANDOMOREHARMTHANGOODCRISKTAKINGCANBEUSEDTOTREATPEOPLEWITHIMPULSECONTROLPROBLEMSDRISKTAKINGISAMEANSOFSURVIVALANDBRINGSHIGHERRETURNSTOHUMANS【答案】63D64C65B66D【解析】试题分析科学家发现脑细胞参与决策风险。通过改变细胞的活动，可以避免冒险的行为。但是冒险也使得人类进步。63D细节理解题。根据第三段THISCLUSTEROFNEURONSRELEASESTHENEUROTRANSMITTERDOPAMINE,WHICHREGULATESTHEBRAINSREWARDANDPLEASURECENTRES可知，人们对风险的偏好程度直接受代多巴胺的控制，故选D。64C推理判断题。根据BRAINSCANSOFTHEANIMALSSHOWEDTHATTHOSEWITHLOWLEVELSOFDR2CONSISTENTLYWENTFORTHEGAMBLE可知，DR2含量高可以避免冒险。故选C。65B词义推测题，根据INTHERISKAVERSEANIMALS,STIMULATINGTHESAMECELLSHADLITTLETONOEFFECT前面的描述告诉读者，刺激DR2细胞对控制冒险有帮助，这里应该是说明例外的情况，不愿意冒险的动物，刺激相同的细胞也没有效果，故选B。66D推理判断题。根据最后一句话RISKYBEHAVIORHASITSMOMENTSWHEREITSVALUABLEASASPECIES,WEWOULDNTHAVECOMEASFARASWEHAVEWITHOUTIT可知，没有冒险人类就不会进步，故选D。考点科普类短文阅读。DWISCONSINHASLONGBEENHOMETOINCREDIBLYSUCCESSFULRESEARCHANDINNOVATIONTHANKSTOOURFAMOUSACADEMICRESEARCHINSTITUTIONSANDSOMEOFTHEBRIGHTESTSCIENTIFICMINDSFROMDISCOVERINGHOWVITAMINDCANBESTBEABSORBED,TOUNLOCKINGTHEPOTENTIALOFSTEMCELLS,WISCONSINHASPIONEEREDREMARKABLEBREAKTHROUGHSINSCIE