2015年6月四级真题1`

2015年6月四级真题PARTIWRITING30MINUTESDIRECTIONSFORTHISPART，YOUAREALLOWED30MINUTESTOWRITEANESSAYBASEDONTHEPICTUREBELOWYOUSHOULDSTARTYOURESSAYWITHABRIEFDESCRIPTIONOFTHEPICTUREANDTHENCOMMENTONTHISKINDOFMODERNLIFEYOUSHOULDWRITEATLEAST120WORDSBUTNOMORETHAN180WORDSPARTREADINGCOMPREHENSION40MINUTESSECTIONADIRECTIONSINTHISSECTION,THEREISAPASSAGEWITHTENBLANKSYOUAREREQUIREDTOSELECTONEWORDFOREACHBLANKFROMALISTOFCHOICESGIVENINAWORDBANKFOLLOWINGTHEPASSAGEREADTHEPASSAGETHROUGHCAREFULLYBEFOREMAKINGYOURCHOICESEACHCHOICEINTHEBANKISIDENTIFIEDBYALETTERPLEASEMARKTHECORRESPONDINGLETTERFOREACHITEMONANSWERSHEET2WITHASINGLELINETHROUGHTHECENTREYOUMAYNOTUSEANYOFTHEWORDSINTHEBANKMORETHANONCEQUESTIONS36TO45AREBASEDONTHEFOLLOWINGPASSAGEITSOURGUILTYPLEASUREWATCHINGTVISTHEMOSTCOMTIONEVERYDAYACTIVITY，AFTERWORKANDSLEEP，INMANYPARTSOFTHEWORLDAMERICANSVIEWFIVEHOURSOFTVEACHDAY，ANDWHILEWEKNOWTHATSPENDINGSOMUCHTIMESITTING36CANLEADTOOBESITY肥胖症ANDOTHERDISEASES，RESEARCHERSHAVENOWQUANTIFIEDJUSTHOW37BEINGACOUCHPOTATOCANBEINANANALYSISOFDATAFROMEIGHTLARGE38PUBLISHEDSTUDIES，AHARVARDLEDGROUPREPORTEDINTHETHATFOREVERYTWOHOURSPERDAYSPENTCHANNEL39，THERISKOFDEVELOPINGTYPE2DIABETESJOURNALOFTHEAMERICANMEDICALASSOCIATION糖尿病ROSE20OVER85YEARS，THERISKOFHEARTDISEASEINCREASEDL5OVERA40，ANDTHEODDSOFDYINGPREMATURELY4113DURINGASEVENYEARFOLLOWUPALLOFTHESE42ARELINKEDTOALACKOFPHYSICALEXERCISEBUTCOMPAREDWITHOTHERSEDENTARY久坐的ACTIVITIES，LIKEKNITTING，VIEWINGTVMAYBEESPECIALLY43ATPROMOTINGUNHEALTHYHABITSFORONE，THESHEERNUMBEROFHOURSWEPASSWATCHINGTVDWARFSTHETIMEWESPENDONANYTHINGELSEANDOTHERSTUDIESHAVEFOUNDTHATWATCHINGADSFORBEERANDPOPCORNMAYMAKEYOUMORELIKELYTO44THEMEVENSO,THEAUTHORSADMITTHATTHEYDIDNTCOMPAREDIFFERENTSEDENTARYACTIVITIESTO45WHETHERTVWATCHINGWASLINKEDTOAGREATERRISKOFDIABETES，HEARTDISEASEOREARLYDEATHCOMPAREDWITH，SAY，READINGACLIMBEDBCONSUMECDECADEDDETERMINEEEFFECTIVEFHARMFULGOUTCOMESHPASSIVELYIPREVIOUSLYJRESUMEKSUFFEREDLSURFINGMTERMNTERMINALS0TWISTINGSECTIONBDIRECTIONSINTHISSECTION,YOUAREGOINGTOREADAPASSAGEWITHTENSTATEMENTSATTACHEDTOITEACHSTATEMENTCONTAINSINFORMATIONGIVENINONEOFTHEPARAGRAPHSIDENTIFYTHEPARAGRAPHFROMWHICHTHEINFORMATIONISDERIVEDYOUMAYCHOOSEAPARAGRAPHMORETHANONCEEACHPARAGRAPHISMARKEDWITHALETTERANSWERTHEQUESTIONSBYMARKINGTHECORRESPONDINGLETTERONANSWERSHEET2AIMAGINETAKINGACOLLEGEEXAM，AND，INSTEADOFHANDINGINABLUEBOOKANDGETTINGAGRADEFROMAPROFESSORAFEWWEEKSLATER，CLICKINGTHE“SEND”BUTTONWHENYOUAREDONEANDRECEIVINGAGRADEBACKINSTANTLY，YOURESSAYSCOREDBYASOFTWAREPROGRAMANDTHEN，INSTEADOFBEINGDONEWITHTHATEXAM，IMAGINETHATTHESYSTEMWOULDIMMEDIATELYLETYOUREWRITETHETESTTOTRYTOIMPROVEYOURGRADEBEDX，THENONPROFITENTERPRISEFOUNDEDBYHARVARDANDTHEMASSACHUSETTSINSTITUTEOFTECHNOLOGYMITTOOFFERCOURSESONTHEINTERNET，HASJUSTINTRODUCEDSUCHASYSTEMANDWILLMAKEITSAUTOMATED自动的SOFTWAREAVAILABLEFREEONTHEWEBTOANYINSTITUTIONTHATWANTSTOUSEITTHESOFTWAREUSESARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCETOGRADESTUDENTESSAYSANDSHORTWRITTENANSWERS，FREEINGPROFESSORSFOROTHERTASKSCTHENEWSERVICEWILLBRINGTHEEDUCATIONALCONSORTIUM联盟INTOAGROWINGCONFLICTOVERTHEROLEOFAUTOMATIONINEDUCATIONALTHOUGHAUTOMATEDGRADINGSYSTEMSFORMULTIPLECHOICEANDTRUEFALSETESTSARENOWWIDESPREAD，THEUSEOFARTIFICIALINTELLIGENCETECHNOLOGYTOGRADEESSAYANSWERSHASNOTYETRECEIVEDWIDESPREADACCEPTANCEBYEDUCATORSANDHASMANYCRITICSDANANTAGARWAL，ANELECTRICALENGINEERWHOISPRESIDENTOFEDX，PREDICTEDTHATTHEINSTANTGRADINGSOFTWAREWOULDBEAUSEFULTEACHINGTOOLENABLINGSTUDENTSTOTAKETESTSANDWRITEESSAYSOVERANDOVERANDIMPROVETHEQUALITYOFTHEIRANSWERSHESAIDTHETECHNOLOGYWOULDOFFERDISTINCTADVANTAGESOVERTHETRADITIONALCLASSROOMSYSTEM，WHERESTUDENTSOFTENWAITDAYSORWEEKSLORGRADES“THEREISAHUGEVALUEINLEARNINGWITHINSTANTFEEDBACK，”DRAGARWALSAID“STUDENTSARETELLINGUSTHEYLEARNMUCHBETTERWITHINSTANTFEEDBACK”EBUTSKEPTICS怀疑者SAYTHEAUTOMATEDSYSTEMISNOMATCHFORLIVETEACHERSONELONGTIMECRITIC，LESPERELMAN，HASDRAWNNATIONALATTENTIONSEVERALTIMESFORPUTTINGTOGETHERNONSENSEESSAYSTHATHAVEFOOLEDSOFTWAREGRADINGPROGRAMSINTOGIVINGHIGHMARKSHEHASALSOBEENHIGHLYCRITICALOFSTUDIESCLAIMINGTHATTHESOFTWARECOMPARESWELLTOHUMANGRADERSFHEISAMONGAGROUPOFEDUCATORSWHOLASTMONTHBEGANCIRCULATINGAPETITION呼吁OPPOSINGAUTOMATEDASSESSMENTSOFTWARETHEGROUPWHICHCALLSITSELFPROFESSIONALSAGAINSTMACHINESCORINGOFSTUDENTESSAYSINHIGHSTAKESASSESSMENT，HASCOLLECTEDNEARLY2，000SIGNATURES，INCLUDINGSOMEFROMFAMOUSPEOPLELIKENOANLCHOMSKYG“LETSFACETHEREALITIESOFAUTOMATICESSAYSCORIN9，”THEGROUPSSTATEMENTREADSINPART“COMPUTERSCANNOTREADTHEYCANNOTMEASURETHEESSENTIALSOFEFFECTIVEWRITTENCOMMUNICATIONACCURACYREASONIN9，ADEQUACYOFEVIDENCE，GOODSENSE，ETHICAL伦理的POSITION，CONVINCINGARGUMENT，MEANINGFULORGANIZATION，ANDCLARITY，AMONGOTHERS”HBUTEDXEXPECTSITSSOFTWARETOBEADOPTEDWIDELYBYSCHOOLSANDUNIVERSITIESITOFFERSFREEONLINECLASSESFROMHARVARDMITANDTHEUNIVERSITYOFCALIFORNIABERKELEY；THISFALL，ITWILLADDCLASSESFROMWELLESLEYGEORGETOWNANDTHEUNIVERSITYOFTEXASINALL，12UNIVERSITIESPARTICIPATEINEDX，WHICHOFFERSCERTIFICATESFORCOURSECOMPLETIONANDHASSAIDTHATITPLANSTOCONTINUETOEXPANDNEXTYEAR，INCLUDINGADDINGINTERNATIONALSCHOOLSITHEEDXASSESSMENTTOOLREQUIRESHUMANTEACHERS，ORGRADERS，TOFIRSTGRADEL00ESSAYSORESSAYQUESTIONSTHESYSTEMTHEN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AGEYEARSINCREASESTHERISKOFALLSKINCANCERSTHEGOODNEWSISTHATACOMBINATIONOFSUNSCREENANDCOVERINGUPCANREDUCEMELANOMARATES,ASSHOWNBYAUSTRALIANFIGURESFROMTHEIRSLIPSLOPSLAPCAMPAIGNSOIFTHEREISAHEATWAVETHISSUMMER,ITWOULDBEBESTFORUS,TOO,TOSLIPONASHIRT,SLOPON抹上SUNSCREENANDSLAPONAHAT56WHATISPEOPLESCOMMONEXPECTATIONOFAHIGHFACTORSUNSCREENAITWILLDELAYTHEOCCURRENCEOFSKINCANCERBITWILLPROTECTTHEMFROMSUNBURNCITWILLKEEPTHEIRSKINSMOOTHANDFAIRDITWILLWORKFORPEOPLEOFANYSKINCOLOR57WHATDOESTHERESEARCHINNATURESAYABOUTAHIGHFACTORSUNSCREENAITISINEFFECTIVEINPREVENTINGMELANOMASBITISINEFFECTIVEINCASEOFINTENSESUNLIGHTCITISINEFFECTIVEWITHLONGTERMEXPOSUREDITISINEFFECTIVEFORPEOPLEWITHFAIRSKIN58WHATDOWELEARNFROMTHE2011AUSTRALIANSTUDYOF1,621PEOPLEASUNSCREENSHOULDBEAPPLIEDALONGSIDEOTHERPROTECTIONMEASURESBHIGHRISKPEOPLEBENEFITTHEMOSTFROMTHEAPPLICATIONOFSUNSCREENCIRREGULARAPPLICATIONOFSUNSCREENDOESWOMENMOREHARMTHANGOODDDAILYAPPLICATIONOFSUNSCREENHELPSREDUCETHEINCIDENCEOFMELANOMAS59WHATDOESTHEAUTHORSAYABOUTTHESECONDAUSTRALIANSTUDYAITMISLEADSPEOPLETORELYONSUNSCREENFORPROTECTIONBITHELPSPEOPLETOSELECTTHEMOSTEFFECTIVESUNSCREENCITISNOTBASEDONDIRECTOBSERVATIONOFTHESUBJECTSDITCONFIRMSTHERESULTSOFTHEFIRSTAUSTRALIANSTUDY60WHATDOESTHEAUTHORSUGGESTTOREDUCEMELANOMARATESAUSINGBOTHCOVERINGUPANDSUNSCREENBSTAYINGINTHESHADEWHENEVERPOSSIBLECUSINGCOVERINGUPINSTEADOFSUNSCREENDAPPLYINGTHERIGHTAMOUNTOFSUNSCREENPASSAGETWOQUESTIONS61TO65AREBASEDONTHEFOLLOWINGPASSAGEACROSSTHERICHWORLD,WELLEDUCATEDPEOPLEINCREASINGLYWORKLONGERTHANTHELESSSKILLEDSOME65OFAMERICANMENAGED6274WITHAPROFESSIONALDEGREEAREINTHEWORKFORCE,COMPAREDWITH32OFMENWITHONLYAHIGHSCHOOLCERTIFICATETHISGAPISPARTOFADEEPENINGDIVIDEBETWEENTHEWELLEDUCATEDWELLOFFANDTHEUNSKILLEDPOORRAPIDTECHNOLOGICALADVANCEHASRAISEDTHEINCOMESOFTHEHIGHLYSKILLEDWHILESQUEEZINGTHOSEOFTHEUNSKILLEDTHECONSEQUENCES,FORINDIVIDUALSANDSOCIETY,AREPROFOUNDTHEWORLDISFACINGANASTONISHINGRISEINTHENUMBEROFOLDPEOPLE,ANDTHEYWILLLIVELONGERTHANEVERBEFOREOVERTHENEXT20YEARSTHEGLOBALPOPULATIONOFTHOSEAGED65ORMOREWILLALMOSTDOUBLE,FROM600MILLIONTO11BILLIONTHEEXPERIENCEOFTHE20THCENTURY,WHENGREATERLONGEVITY长寿TRANSLATEDINTOMOREYEARSINRETIREMENTRATHERTHANMOREYEARSATWORK,HASPERSUADEDMANYOBSERVERSTHATTHISSHIFTWILLLEADTOSLOWERECONOMICGROWTH,WHILETHESWELLINGRANKSOFPENSIONERSWILLCREATEGOVERNMENTBUDGETPROBLEMSBUTTHENOTIONOFASHARPDIVISIONBETWEENTHEWORKINGYOUNGANDTHEIDLEOLDMISSESANEWTREND,THEGROWINGGAPBETWEENTHESKILLEDANDTHEUNSKILLEDEMPLOYMENTRATESAREFALLINGAMONGYOUNGERUNSKILLEDPEOPLE,WHEREASOLDERSKILLEDFOLKAREWORKINGLONGERTHEDIVIDEISMOSTEXTREMEINAMERICA,WHEREWELLEDUCATEDBABYBOOMERS二战后生育高峰期出生的美国人AREPUTTINGOFFRETIREMENTWHILEMANYLESSSKILLEDYOUNGERPEOPLEHAVEDROPPEDOUTOFTHEWORKFORCEPOLICYISPARTLYRESPONSIBLEMANYEUROPEANGOVERNMENTSHAVEABANDONEDPOLICIESTHATUSEDTOENCOURAGEPEOPLETORETIREEARLYRISINGLIFEEXPECTANCY预期寿命,COMBINEDWITHTHEREPLACEMENTOFGENEROUSDEFINEDBENEFITPENSIONPLANSWITHLESSGENEROUSDEFINEDCONTRIBUTIONONES,MEANSTHATEVENTHEBETTEROFFMUSTWORKLONGERTOHAVEACOMFORTABLERETIREMENTBUTTHECHANGINGNATUREOFWORKALSOPLAYSABIGROLEPAYHASRISENSHARPLYFORTHEHIGHLYEDUCATED,ANDTHOSEPEOPLECONTINUETOREAPRICHREWARDSINTOOLDAGEBECAUSETHESEDAYSTHEEDUCATEDELDERLYAREMOREPRODUCTIVETHANTHEPRECEDINGGENERATIONTECHNOLOGICALCHANGEMAYWELLREINFORCETHATSHIFTTHESKILLSTHATCOMPLEMENTCOMPUTERS,FROMMANAGEMENTKNOWHOWTOCREATIVITY,DONOTNECESSARILYDECLINEWITHAGE61WHATISHAPPENINGINTHEWORKFORCEINRICHCOUNTRIESAYOUNGERPEOPLEAREREPLACINGTHEELDERLYBWELLEDUCATEDPEOPLETENDTOWORKLONGERCUNEMPLOYMENTRATESARERISINGYEARAFTERYEARDPEOPLEWITHNOCOLLEGEDEGREEDONOTEASILYFINDWORK62WHATHASHELPEDDEEPENTHEDIVIDEBETWEENTHEWELLOFFANDTHEPOORALONGERLIFEEXPECTANCIESBARAPIDTECHNOLOGICALADVANCECPROFOUNDCHANGESINTHEWORKFORCEDAGROWINGNUMBEROFTHEWELLEDUCATED63WHATDOMANYOBSERVERSPREDICTINVIEWOFTHEEXPERIENCEOFTHE20THCENTURYAECONOMICGROWTHWILLSLOWDOWNBGOVERNMENTBUDGETSWILLINCREASECMOREPEOPLEWILLTRYTOPURSUEHIGHEREDUCATIONDTHEREWILLBEMORECOMPETITIONINTHEJOBMARKET64WHATISTHERESULTOFPOLICYCHANGESINEUROPEANCOUNTRIESAUNSKILLEDWORKERSMAYCHOOSETORETIREEARLYBMOREPEOPLEHAVETORECEIVEINSERVICETRAININGCEVENWEALTHYPEOPLEMUSTWORKLONGERTOLIVECOMFORTABLYINRETIREMENTDPEOPLEMAYBEABLETOENJOYGENEROUSDEFINEDBENEFITSFROMPENSIONPLANS65WHATISCHARACTERISTICOFWORKINTHE21STCENTURYACOMPUTERSWILLDOMORECOMPLICATEDWORKBMOREWILLBETAKENBYTHEEDUCATEDYOUNGCMOSTJOBSTOBEDONEWILLBETHECREATIVEONESDSKILLSAREHIGHLYVALUEDREGARDLESSOFAGEPARTTRANSLATION30MINUTESDIRECTIONSFORTHISPART,YOUAREALLOWED30MINUTESTOTRANSLATEAPASSAGEFROMCHINESEINTOENGLISHYOUSHOULDWRITEYOURANSWERONANSWERSHEET2中国是世界上最古老的文明之一。构成现代世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国。中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济，并正经历着一次新的工业革命。中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划，其中包括到2020年建成一个太空站。目前，中国是世界最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。同时，它也在海外投资数十亿美元。2011年，中国超越日本成为世界第二大经济体。2015年6月四级真题答案写作答案USINGCOMPUTERWISELYTHECOMICREFLECTSTHEIMAGEOFOURMODERNWORLDINWHICHTECHNOLOGYHASBEENANINSEPARABLEPARTOFPEOPLESDAILYLIFEASISSHOWN,THEMANINTHEPICTUREUSESALAPTOPATWORKANDHOME,FORBUSINESSANDENTERTAINMENT,SOOBSESSEDTHATHEEVENDREAMSABOUTBENDINGOVERHISLAPTOPITISUNDENIABLETHATTHISHASBEENACOMMONSCENEANDTHEOVERUSEOFCOMPUTERSHASAROUSEDGREATCONCERNINMYOPINION,PEOPLESHOULDBECAUTIOUSOFTHEEXCESSIVEUSEOFCOMPUTERSFORTHEFOLLOWINGREASONSINTHEFIRSTPLACE,ITWILLINEVITABLYAFFECTPEOPLESHEALTHIFTHEYSITBEFORECOMPUTERSANDSTAREATTHESCREENSFORLONGHOURS,WHICHMAYRESULTINMUSCLEPAINANDVISUALIMPAIRSECONDLY,PLAYINGCOMPUTERSALONEISOLATESPEOPLEFROMOTHERSRELATIONSHIPSINTHEREALWORLDAREMAINTAINEDTHROUGHHUMANCONTACTANDSPENDINGTIMEWITHEACHOTHERINSTEADOFCHITCHATTINGONLINEINSUMMARY,PEOPLESHOULDCUTDOWNTHEIRCOMPUTERUSEFORHEALTHANDSOCIALREASONSCOMPUTERSARENOTCONTROLLERSBUTTOOLSINOURLIFE写作点评USINGCOMPUTERWISELY本题由一幅连环画“THISMODERNLIFEWORKHOMEPLAYLIFE”引出话题，探讨电脑在现代生活当中扮演的重要角色。很明显，本题主旨在于评述现代生活中电脑的过度使用这一现象，此话题与生活息息相关。本题难度适中，考生均有话可说，且与2013年曾经出现的互联网系列考题相类似。考生要做的首先是仔细审题、确立观点。按照题干要求，第一段STARTYOURESSAYWITHABRIEFDESCRIPTIONOFTHEPICTURE。因此，第一段总述图画反映的问题（THECOMICREFLECTSTHEIMAGEOFOURMODERNWORLDINWHICHTECHNOLOGYHASBEENANINSEPARABLEPARTOFPEOPLESDAILYLIFE）具体描述画面内容（ASISSHOWN,THEMANINTHEPICTUREUSESALAPTOPATWORKANDHOME,FORBUSINESSANDENTERTAINMENT,SOOBSESSEDTHATHEEVENDREAMSABOUTBENDINGOVERHISLAPTOP）引出下一段第二段COMMENTONTHISKINDOFMODERNLIFE。确立观点（ITISUNDENIABLETHATTHISHASBEENACOMMONSCENEANDTHEOVERUSEOFCOMPUTERSHASAROUSEDGREATCONCERNINMYOPINION,PEOPLESHOULDBECAUTIOUSOFTHEEXCESSIVEUSEOFCOMPUTERSFORTHEFOLLOWINGREASONS）两方面原因（INTHEFIRSTPLACE,ITWILLINEVITABLYAFFECTPEOPLESHEALTHIFTHEYSITBEFORECOMPUTERSANDSTAREATTHESCREENSFORLONGHOURS,WHICHMAYRESULTINMUSCLEPAINANDVISUALIMPAIRSECONDLY,PLAYINGCOMPUTERSALONEISOLATESPEOPLEFROMOTHERSRELATIONSHIPSINTHEREALWORLDAREMAINTAINEDTHROUGHHUMANCONTACTANDSPENDINGTIMEWITHEACHOTHERINSTEADOFCHITCHATTINGONLINE）总结观点、提出建议（INSUMMARY,PEOPLESHOULDCUTDOWNTHEIRCOMPUTERUSEFORHEALTHANDSOCIALREASONSCOMPUTERSARENOTCONTROLLERSBUTTOOLSINOURLIFE）阅读答案选词填空答案36HPASSIVELY37FHARMFUL38IPREVIOUSLY39LSURFING40CDECADE41ACLIMBED42GOUTCOMES43EEFFECTIVE44BCONSUME45DDETERMINE长篇阅读答案46F47B48M49C50E51Q52G53P54J55D题干46SOMEPROFESSIONALSINEDUCATIONARECOLLECTINGSIGNATURESTOVOICETHEIROPPOSITIONTOAUTOMATEDESSAYGRADING47USINGSOFTWARETOGRADESTUDENTSESSAYSSAVESTEACHERSTIMEFOROTHERWORK48THEHEWLETTCONTESTSAIMATIMPROVINGESSAYGRADINGSOFTWARE49THOUGHTHEAUTOMATEDGRADINGSYSTEMISWIDELYUSEDINMULTIPLECHOICETESTS,AUTOMATEDESSAYGRADINGISSTILLCRITICIZEDBYMANYEDUCATORS50SOMEPEOPLEDONTBELIEVETHESOFTWAREGRADINGSYSTEMCANDOASGOODAJOBASHUMANGRADERS51CRITICSOFAUTOMATEDESSAYSCORINGDONOTSEEMTOKNOWTHETRUEREALITIESINLESSFAMOUSUNIVERSITIES52CRITICSARGUEMANYIMPORTANTASPECTSOFEFFECTIVEWRITINGCANNOTBEMEASUREDBYCOMPUTERRATINGPROGRAMS53ASCLASSSIZEGROWS,MOSTTEACHERSAREUNABLETOGIVESTUDENTSVALUABLECOMMENTSASTOHOWTOIMPROVETHEIRWRITING54THEAUTOMATEDASSESSMENTTECHNOLOGYISSOMETIMESUSEDTODOUBLECHECKTHEWORKOFHUMANGRADERS55STUDENTSFINDINSTANTFEEDBACKHE