山东省冠县武训高级中学高三英语 语法专题复习 虚拟语气课件.ppt

虚拟语气,知识网络(见书p241),虚拟条件句与主语的谓语动词与现在事实或将来可能的事实相反，从句用一般过去式(be用were;与将来可能事实相反时还可用wereto/should+动词原形),主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形;与过去事实相反,从句用过去完成时,主句用would/should/could/mighthave+过去分词。,熟读深思,mydeskmate,mary,treatsmeasifshewere1mysister.sheisnicebutfat.ifshewerenotsofat,shewouldlook2likeasupermodel.lastyear,adoctoradvisedthatshe(should)eat3morevegetablesandfruits.healsomadeasuggestionthatshe(should)workout4regularly.besides,heinsistedthatshe(should)walk5toschool.ifshehadfollowedthedoctorsadvice,shewouldnotbesofatnow6.inotherwords,ifthedoctorhadpersuadedhertodoso,shewouldnothavebecome7overweight.,thismorning,marysmotherboughtheranewdress.itwasreallynice.butaftershetriediton,shecouldnthelpshouting,“ifonlyiwere8alittlethinner!howiwishihadnteaten9somuchjunkfoodbefore!”wereimary,iwouldmake10aweightlossplan.ifibecameoverweightinthefuture,iwoulddo11sportseveryday.nowitishightimeshechanged12herlifestyle.withoutahealthylifestyle,shewouldntbe13abletoloseweight.iwouldrathershewent14swimmingwithme,butsheinsiststhatwatersportsare15notsuitableforher.soitisnecessarythatshe(should)walk16toschool.,汉语译文：我的同桌玛丽对我像亲姐妹一样。她人长得漂亮，就是有点胖。要不然，她就是一个超级模特了。去年，医生建议她多吃蔬菜和水果。医生同时建议她要经常锻炼，并坚持让她步行上学。如果她当时听了医生的建议，她现在也不至于这么胖了。也就是说，假如医生说服了她减肥，她就不会太胖。今天上午，玛丽的妈妈给她买了一条新裙子。那裙子真是漂亮。可是，玛丽试穿后，忍不住叫了起来：“我多希望我瘦一点点啊！要是当初我没有吃那么多的垃圾食品该多好啊！”如果我是玛丽，我会制定一个减肥计划。要是将来我发胖了，我一定会每天做运动。现在，该是玛丽改变她的生活方式的时候了。没有健康的生活方式，她是不可能成功减肥的。我倒是宁愿她和我一起去游泳。可是她坚持认为水上运动不适合她。因此，她有必要步行上学了。,熟读深思,1.在asif/asthough,evenif/eventhough引导的状语从句或表语从句中，与现在事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反时，从句的谓语动词用过去完成时。2.表示与现在事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语动词用一般过去式，(be一般用were)，主句的谓语用would/should/could/might+动词原形。,3.5.在insist,suggest,advise,order,command,propose,demand,require,request等后面的宾语从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，其中的should可以省略。在suggestion,advice,order,command,demand,requirement,request等名词后面的表语从句或同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”，其中的should可以省略。,6.错综条件句：有时if从句中的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据他们表示的时间加以调整。本句的虚拟条件句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。,7.表示与过去事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语形式用过去完成时，即“had过去分词”，主句用“would/should/could/might+have+过去分词”。89.在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句和ifonly（但愿）引出的句子中,需用虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反，从句或ifonly后的句子的谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，从句或ifonly后的句子的谓语动词用过去完成时。10.如果if从句中含有were,had或should,可将if省略，然后将were,had或should提前至主语前。即从句可用半倒装。,11.表示与将来事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语形式用一般过去式，或用“wereto/should+动词原形”，主句用“would/should/could/might+动词原形”。12.在itis(high)timethat后的从句中，谓语动词用“should(不能省略)+动词原形”或一般过去时都可以。13.含蓄条件从句：用连词otherwise,or，but或用介词butfor,without等暗示前面的条件。与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时；与过去事实相反，谓语动词用过去完成时。其中介词butfor,without表示的虚拟语气，可和if引导的假设条件状语从句替换。,14.would(had)rather,wouldsooner用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。15.在动词insist表“坚持认为，坚持说,坚持某种说法”；suggest表“暗示，表明”时，后面的从句不用虚拟语气。16.在itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,surprising)that引导的主语从句中，主语从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”。,倒装与广东高考,谓语动词在语法填空中每年考一题。我们在做语法填空题时，一旦判断所给动词在句中作为谓语后，就需考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。在近年广东高考中有一个小题涉及虚拟语气：,(2012年)hewalkedinasifhe17_(buy)theschool.解析：在主格人称代词he后，显然是作谓语；又因一个学生的他不可能是买下了这个学校，故应当用虚拟语气，与过去事实相反，故填hadbought。,虚拟语气有时在高考写作中也会用到。如2009年高考读写任务要点(2)“假如你处在那些动物的处境,你会有什么反应”，写这个要点时就需要用到虚拟语气。可以这样开头：ifiwereananimalinthewildlifepark,iwouldfeelannoyedwhenpeoplekeepphotographingwithme.如果我是野生动物园的动物,当人们不停地同我拍照时,我会感到恼怒。,1.ifi_(be)you,iwoulddoitinadifferentway.1.与现在事实相反。2.ifyouhadfollowedmyadvicejustnow,you_(be)finenow.2.与现在事实相反。,were,wouldbe,一、单句填空,灵活运用,3.hehesitatedforamomentbeforekickingtheball,otherwisehe_(score)agoal.3.与过去事实相反。4.ifi_(have)amilliondollars,iwouldfirstdonatesomeofthemoneytopoorchildreninremotemountainousareas.4.与现在事实相反。,wouldhavescored,had,5.thedoctororderedthatshe_(stay)inbedforafewdays.,(should)stay,6.itisveryimportantthatyou_(master)theskillsofcomputer.7.englishteachersgiveadvicethatwe_(make)gooduseofeverychancetospeakenglish.,(should)make,8.itishightimethatwe_(take)somemeasurestoprotectthewildanimals.,9.howiwisheveryfamily_(have)alargehousewithabeautifulgarden！,had,10.janespalefacesuggestedthatshe_(be)ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe_(have)amedicalexamination.,shouldhave,was,二、语篇填空,tomandpeteraretwins.theylookasifthey1_(be)thesameperson.boththetwoboysaresmart,buttomishard-workingwhilepeterislazy.tomalwayswinsthefirstplaceintheexams,whichsuggeststhathe2_(be)hard-working.petercoulddobetter,3_hedoesntwanttoworkhard.peoplebelieveifpeter4_(work)ashardastom,hewoulddoaswellashisbrotherinhisstudy.,were,is,but,worked,athome,theirparentsmakeasuggestionthatthey5_(do)thedishesinturnandinsistthatthey6_(finish)theirhomeworkbeforeplayingcomputergames.butpeterinsiststhatit7_(be)alsooktoplaygamesfirstaslongashecanhandinhishomeworkintime.theirmothergivesinintheend.oneday,whendoinghishomework,tomfoundhemadeaseriousmistake.so,heputtheexercise-bookasideandusedanotherone.,shoulddo,shouldfinish,is,whenpeterfoundthepreviousexercise-book,hestruckouttomsnameandsignedhisnameonitscoverhappily,andhandeditinashisownhomeworkthenextday.whentheteachertoldthetruthtothetwinsmother,shekeptsilentfirstbutherexpressionsuggestedthatshe8_(be)angry.later,sheshoutedatpeter:“howiwishyou9_(be)asdiligentasyourbrother!nowitstimethati10_(give)youagoodlesson.,was,were,gave,andiinsistthatyou11_(notplay)anycomputergamesforawholemonthtoo.remembertodoasiaskyouto,12_,youwouldbeforbiddentotouchthecomputerforayear!”“oh,no!mom.13_computerforsuchalongtime,iwoulddie.iwouldratheryou14_(ask)metodothedishesforamonthalone.”peterwasupset.“ifyou15_(finish)yourhomeworkontimeyesterday,youwouldntbepunishednow.”saidthemother.,shouldnotplay,or/otherwise,without,asked,hadfinished,汤姆和彼特虽是长处像同一个人且都很聪明,但学习上却一勤一懒,各不相同,甚至有一次还因彼特懒惰,投机取巧,闹出笑话。1.were因asif引导的表语从句是与现在事实相反的情况,从句谓语用一般过去时,be一般用were。2.is因suggests表示“表明，说明”，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。3.but因“本来可以做得更好”与“不愿努力学”是转折关系。4.worked因if表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句谓语用一般过去时。5.shoulddo在表示“建议”的suggestion后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用shoulddo。,6.shouldfinish在insist表示“坚决要求”时,其后的宾语从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”。7.is该句的insists表示“坚持认为”，其宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。8.was因suggested作“表明，说明”解，其宾语从句的谓语动词用陈述语气。9.were在表示愿望的wish后的宾语从句，其宾语从句的谓语动词用一般过去式表示现在的愿望。10.gave或shouldgive在itstimethat句型的that从句中，谓语动词用一般过去式或“should+动词原形”。,11.shouldnotplay句中insist表示“坚决要求”，其宾语从句的谓语用“should+动词原形”。12.or/otherwise由后面句中的谓语wouldbe可知,前面用or或otherwise(否则)来表示虚拟条件。13.without由woulddie可知，填without表示虚拟条件。14.asked在wouldrather后的从句中，用一般过去时表示现在或将来。15.hadfinished表示与过去事实相反的情况，虚拟条件句的谓语用过去完成时。,imetmystep-momforthefirsttimewhenimovedtoamerica.thatnightbeforeiwenttobedshecametomyroom,1_wasthefirstroomihadeverhadformyown.,1.引导定语从句修饰前面的myroom。,which,三、语法填空,shetoldmeshewasgladtohavemeandthatshe2_(take)goodcareofme.becauseiwasnevershownaffection3_achild,ididnotknowhow4_(react),soijuststaredather.tothisday,ihaveahardtimetoletothersbeaffectionatetowardsme.,2.由上下文可知用过去将来时。3.这里意为“作为”。4.根据前面的how可知,疑问词后面只能接todo。,wouldtake,as,toreact,sheaskedmeforahug,butididnotknowwhat5_word“hug”meant.so,ijustlookedather6_aquestioningexpressiononmyface.butshedidntgiveup.shecalledmyfatherintotheroomandaskedhimtoexplaintomewhatshemeant.,5.特指hug这个词。6.介词with的基本用法。,the,with,whenhedidilookedatmynewstep-momandwondered7_shewantedtohugme.shethentoldmeitwasbecauseshelovedmeandyouhugpeoplewhenyoulove8_.,7.引导宾语从句,根据句意应填why。8.指代前面的people。,why,them,sosheopenedherarmswid