Attributiveclause

定语从句,高考试题题选与分析1.1980Theman_talkedtoyoujustnowisanengineer.A.whoB.whichC.whereD.when2.1980Istillrememberthedays_westudiedtogether.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when3.1986Icanstillrememberthesitting-room_mymotherandIusedtositintheevening.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where4.1996Achild_parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.A.whichB.hisC.whoseD.with,分析1.与其他大多数从句的引导词一样，定语从句中的引导词除了起引导从句的作用外，在从句中还要充当某一成分。第一题选A,who在从句中作主语，可以在此从句中作主语的还有which,that和as;作宾语的有whom,which,that和as（其中that可指物也可指人）；第二题选D，when在从句中作时间状语，第三题选D，where在从句中作地点状语，可以在从句中作状语的还有why；第四题选C，whose在从句中作定语（whose还可以修饰物）。,2.That和which一般可互换，但在下面情况下必须用that引导定语从句。（如果引导词that在定语从句中作宾语，that可省）1）先行词是不定代词，如all,few,little,much,something,nothing,anything等。例：1987Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_hehadstolentothepoliceA.whichB.whatC.whateverD.thatEverything(that)hesaidseemedquitereasonable.2）先行词被不定代词修饰，如all,any,every,few,little,no,some,thefirst,thelast,theonly,thesame等。Youcantakeanybookthatyoulike.,3)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰.Thefirstthing(that)Isawinthecountrywillneverbeforgotten.ThisisthemostimportantthingthatIshoulddorightnow.4)先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等修饰.Thisisthelastthing(that)Iwanttodo.5)先行词既有人又有物时.Theyaretalkingaboutthethingsandpersons(that)theycameacrossinthatcountry.,3、关系代词的省略。除了在从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省外，省略也存在于以下情况：1)从句位于itis,thatis,whois,hereis和thereis后。Itismystudentsrapidprogress(that)makesmehappy.2)关系代词that/which在therebe句型中作主语时。Thenumberofmotorcycles(that/which)thereareinXinfengissimplyastounding.3)定语从句修饰“最高级/only+名词”结构中的名词，从句中的谓语又是“ever+过去时谓语时。Canyoutellmewhowasthefirstwoman(that)everclimbedMt.Jolmolungma?4)关系代词作定语从句中系动词的表语时。Whatgreatchanges!Itisnotthecity(that)itwastenyearsago.5)主句谓语为have(有)，定语从句中的关系代词可省。Ihavemanyfriendswillcometohelpme.,5.1983Thedoctor_isleavingforAfricanextmonth.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalkingC.thenurseistalkingtoD.Whothenurseistalking6.1985Hedidntknowwhichroom_.A.theylivedB.theylivedinC.didtheyliveD.didtheylivein7.1992Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasingleperson_shecouldturnforhelp.A.thatB.whoC.fromwhomD.towhom,注：1.分析定语从句的结构和搭配，注意含介词的引导词，其介词可放在引导词whom,which前或在从句原来的位置上。介词不提前，其在从句中作宾语的引导词who,whom,that,which可省。由此可见第五题应选C，第六题选B，第七题选D（从句中的词组搭配为turntosb.forhelp）。但含有介词的短语动词一般不能拆开，如lookafter,bemadeof,takepartin,lookforwardto等。例：Thebabies(who/whom)thenurseslookafterlookstrongandhappy.,2.where可用at/in/to+which代替,when可用at/in/on/during+which代替,why可用forwhich代替,fromwhere也可作引导词。例：Thisistheschoolwhere/atwhichIusedtoteach.Theystoodatthewindow,where/fromwhichtheycouldseewhatwashappeninginthestreet.Sundayisaholiday,when/onwhichpeopledonotgotowork.Isthereanyreasonswhy/forwhichyoushouldhaveaholiday.,8.1991Sheheardaterriblenoise,_broughtherheartintohermouth.A.itB.whichC.thisD.that9.1994Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it10.1999CarolsaidtheworkcouldbedonebyOctober,_personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which11.2000Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,_,ofcourse,madetheotherunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what,注:8、9、10、11这四题号的都是非限定性定语从句，答案都是which。当定语从句修饰的是整个主句或所修饰的名词是独一无二的时候应用非限制性定语从句，先行词不指人时，从句的引导词用which或者as，不用that。as和which常可互换.,12.Ilikethesamebook_youdo.13.Ishalldoitintheway_youdid.14.Iwanttohavesuchadictionary_hehas.15._weallknow,hestudiesveryhard.16._isknowntoallheisthebeststudentinourclass.A.WhichB.AsC.thatD.whichE.as,注:须用as而不用which的情况：as句含有“像”“如那样”asisexpected,asyouknow/see,asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced;“as”从句可放在句首；as引导的定语句含有说话人的看法和态度，此时不用which。2.在“thesame.as,such.as”等结构中。,例1.Heworksinamiddleschool,infrontof_thereisariver.Heworksinamiddleschool.Infrontof_thereisariver.A.itB.thatC.whichD.what例2.Hehastwodaughters,andbothof_areteachers.Hehastwodaughters,bothof_areteachers.A.whoB.whomC.themD.thatmostofwhich/whom引导的定语从句属非限定性定语从句，从句前应有逗号与主句分开，除most外，还有many,some,any,all,none,several,few,both,half,themajority,anumber,theyoungest,three(数词)+ofwhich/whom;infrontof,inthemiddleof,atthebackof,atthebottomof,onthetopof,atthefootof+which等。,二练习：1.Togetthejobstarted,_Ineedisyourpermission.A.onlywhatB.allwhatC.allthatD.onlythat2.Isthisfactory_youvisitedtheotherday?A.whichB.whereC.towhichD.theone3.Youwillhavesomesparetime_youcanlearnFrenchathome.A.thatB.whichC.atwhichD.duringwhich4.Weoughttomakefriendswithsuchpeople_arekindandhardworking.A.whoB.asC.thatD.whom5.Iwassosurprisedthathereturnedhomemuchearlier_expected.A.asB.thanC.whichD./,6.HemustbefromAfrica,_canbeseenfromhisskin.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.as7.Chinaisthebirthplaceofkites,_kiteflyingspreadtoJapan,Korea,ThailandandIndia.A.fromwhereB.whichC.whereD.as8.Thatisthegirl_fatherhasjustbeenspoken.A.ofwhoseB.ofwhomC.whoseD.who9.MayorwillmakeaninspectionofourschoolonMonday,_youcantellhimhowhardthesituationwearein.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that10.Weoftenthinkofthehappiestdays_wespenttogetherontheislandA.whenB.whichC.thatD.duringwhich,11.HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai,_Ilefttenyearsago?A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when12.Withapopulationof774,000,itisoneofthelargestcitiesintheworld_cannotbereachedbywater.A.whichB.whereC./D.that13.Thereisamysteriousdarklake,_hasneverbeenmeasured.A.whichdepthB.asC.whosede