高考英语短文改错点拨与训练

高考英语短文改错点拨与训练,一、短文改错的命题特点高考英语短文改错取材通常是类似学生的作品，以叙述文为主，内容相对完整，一般是100词左右的短文，每行平均10个词左右，每行设一个小题。该项考察内容均在考试大纲规定的范围以内，主要包括词汇、短语、句型和语法，并兼顾语篇。近几年的短文改错题设置的错误一般为，多词（2题）、少词（1-2题）、错词（5-6题），为了考查学生辨别正误的能力，还设置了一题，该行无错。二、短文改错的命题分析考生做短文改错题时，首先要判断错误，然后才能考虑怎样去改正错误。我们将以部分高考短文改错题为例，谈谈多词、少词和错词对语篇正确性的影响。,1、多词：多词往往影响了词组的固定搭配。例如：Sudden1y,IcaughtasightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd_.Ihaveneitherbrothersnorsisters-inanyotherwords,Iamanonlychild_.,“catchsighof”意为“看见”是一个固定搭配的词组，冠词a是多余的词。,inotherwords是一个固定搭配的词组。any多余,2少词：少词往往破坏了句子的结构。a.ThedaybeforethespeechcontestEnglishteachertalkedtome._b.Myparentslovemedear1yofcourseandwilldoalltheycanmakesurethatIgetagoodeducation._,Englishteacher前应有限定词，根据上下文的内容“English之前应加上物主代词“my”。,根据题意，应在“make”之前加上“to”，“tomakesure”为不定式短语，在该句中作目的状语。,c.Theweatherwasfine.Itwasaboutnoonwearrivedatthefootofthemountain._.,该句whenwearrivedatthefootof为定语从句，修饰“noon”，关系副词when引导该从句，并在从句中担任时间状语，根据语法规则，不能省略。,3.错词：错词往往引起句法、词法和语篇含义的错误。这类错误主要表现在以下几个方面：（1）名词单复数的一致，例如：a.TheywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudiessothatI”llgetgoodmarksinallmysubject_b.OnthewayupIwasbusytakingpicture._（2）动词的时态和非谓语动词的形式a.Irememberedherwordsandcalmdown.Ididagoodjobandwonthefirst._,subjects,pictures,calmed,b.OnthewayupIwasbusytakingpicturessincethescenerywassobeautiful.Thetimepassesquickly.Eveningcamedown._(3）连词的误用a.Sudden1y,IcaughtsightofmyEnglishteacherinthecrowd.Shewassmilingbutnoddingatme._b.Wespentthenightinahotelatthetopofthemountain.Thefoodwasexpensiveandtheservicewasgood._,passed,and,but,三、短文改错的解题技巧1进行快速阅读，根据语感去判断正误考生学了多年的英语，朗读与背诵了一定量的课文，己初步具有了一定的语感。因此，快速阅读短文有助于考生从语篇整体上去把握该文的错误所在。一般说来，具有一定水平的考生，快速阅读短文一遍，发现几个明显的错误是完全有可能的。例如：a.IfeltsonervousasIshooklikealeaf.Thereweresomanypeople._b.Itwasaboutnoonwhenwearrivedatthefootofthemountain.Thethreeofthemwereveryexcited.Asweclimbedthemountain，_,that,us,2设置多处疑点，带着问题去判断正误以上分析可以看出，错词主要涉及到词在句子和语篇中的功用，因此，如不能迅速在该行中找出错误，可先设置几个疑点，再逐个考虑。如看到该行中的动词，便应考虑到该动词的时态、语态、语气是否正确，该处应该是谓语动词还是非谓语动词，与词后的介词搭配是否适当。看到该行中的名词，便应考虑该名词形式应该是单数还是复数，该词前是否应该加冠词等等。改错口诀改错题，技巧多，五大问题容易错。非谓语、相关词、动词、名词、形容词、主谓一致和从句,先看时态大背景，背景不符时态误。“使”动词要分清，看到V-ed想V-ing，主语为人用-ed主语为物用-ing遇见a/an要想the，分清可数不可数。But,and再加or，关联词语不可混。But/however要分清，关键要看小逗点。动词、名词、形容词、作用位置看搭配。Either否定too肯定，also放在句中间。Too与also可互换，需有标点放两边。除去之外还有余，except改为besides。访问某人要用on，访问某地要用at，单复同形需牢记，牛羊鹿鱼和警察。前后主谓要一致，单对单，双对双。否定词语放句首，句子要用倒装句。定语从句无what,所有从句要成述。,V-ingV-edinterest/move/disappoint/excite/tire/inspire/encourage/frighten/shock/terrify/inspire/satisfy/discourage,S+be+,3除思维定势，分析结构去判断正误思维定势可以增加我们解题的速度，让我们在阅读短文时能迅速找出该行的错误，但有时也会影响我们的思路，干扰我们的判断与推理。例如：WhereverIseethemIwilloftenthinkofmyEnglishteacher._.,“thinkof”中文含义为“常常想起我的老师”似乎是正确的，但该句逻辑意义是错误的，应该去掉“often”,/,b.IwassotiredthatIfellasleepatthemomentmyheadtouchedthepillow.,“atthemoment”是一个固定词组，意为“此刻”或“当时”等。而该句在短文中的实际含义为“我是如此的疲倦，以至于我的头一碰到枕头就人睡了”。“themoment”在该句中相当于“正当的那一刹那间”（assoonas）,4注意句子整体，排除干扰去判断正误由于“短文改错”每行一般10个词左右，所以往往一个完整句子会占据二、三行。有些考生视觉往往会集中在某一行中，忽略了该句的整体或是整个语篇的逻辑含义。而作者有时就会把错误设置在句首与上文衔接处或是句尾与下文的衔接处。例如：MountaininSichuan.Aseveryoneknows,itsfamous76_mountainwithallkindsofplantsandanimals.,a,该题的含义为“它是著名的山脉”而不是“它是著名的”，其表语不是形容词“famous”而是“afamousmountain”，因此，冠词“a”往往容易被忽视。,5.常归纳一些改错技巧1.平行现象1）借助并列连词and,or,but,aswellas等引起的平行现象。例1.Itwasverykindofthemtomeetmeattherailwaystationanddrovemetotheirhome例2.Iamveryhappywithanyprogrambuttheothersspentalotoftimearguing.,was,drive,例3.Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkathome;theywantmetodevoteallmytimetomystudies.例4.CharlesandMansondoallthesethingsaswellasclimbedthebuildings.,do,climb,二.借助一些固定搭配和句型如notonlybutalso,ratherthan,notbut,preferto等表达平行概念。Playingfootballnotonlymakesusgrowtallandstrongbutalsogiveusasenseoffairplayandteamspirit.2.Hesaiditwasbesttostayuntilhelparrivedratherthangointotheforestandgettinglost.,gives,get,3.Ipreferridingonanemptybustorideonacrowdedbus.,riding,三.借助于结构相同、意义相近、语气一致的三个或三个以上的词组或语句并列使用，表达平行概念。Modernpeopleknowmoreabouthealth,havebetterfoodandtoliveincleanersurroundings.2.ItoldMother,Father,Sister,allmyfriendsherewhatagreattimeIhad.,live,and,四.其它形式表示平行概念。1.Thefirstthingshecoulddowastogouptohertrainerandthankedherforallthehelpshehadgivenher.2.Thewatch-makersaidrepairtheoldwatchwouldcostnearlyasmuchasbuyinganewone.3.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,nottomakeitdifficult.,thank,repairing,more,四、短文改错的注意事项1短文改错训练时不应该把它视为单句改错，因为单句改错多是语言形式或是语法形式的错误，而短文改错中的错误则要从整篇文章的结构和内容考虑，往往要在不同程度上借助于语境进行判断，通过上下文的逻辑关系，才能发现错误。2每年教育部考试中心印制的英语考试说明都对短文改错的答题要求作出十分明确的说明，并附有规范的样题。然而，依然有不少考生不按规范答题而造成不同程度的技术失分，主要失误有：,1、只在右边的横线上答题，而忽视了在左边的短文上注上2、左右边的符号不规范，甚至用文字来说明。3、左边短文中改动的标记过多，难以辨认正误。以上这类问题在平时训练时就应该给予足够的重视。,单句练习I.时态与语态1.Irememberedthewholethingasifitwashappenedjustyesterday.2.Thepartythestudentshadbeenlookingforwardtobeingheldyesterdayeveningatlast.3.Thethiefhascaughtclimbingoverthegardenwall.4.Greatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinourhometownsince1978.,_,was,_,was,5.Inthepasttwoyearshemadegreatprogressinmaths.6.ImsorrytosaythatIfailinEnglishexamthistime.7.AmanwhonamedJamesmadeitin1892.8.Hefoundthatabagofcornhadstolenfromhishouse.,has,_,failed,was,been,II.固定搭配1.WecalledatMr.Smithyesterday.2.Thenovelisveryworthreading.3.Shehasbeenmarriedwithamanwithlittlemoneyfortenyears.4.Thepolicemancaughtthethiefbyhisarm.5.Thoughhehasworkedfortenhours,yethefeltnotalittletired.,_,on,_,well,_,to,_,the,_,bit,三、代词前后一致1.TheSmithsdidhisbesttomakemefeelathome.2.Wefoundsomewoodandcarriedthembacktothecave.3.Thispairofshoesisabittight.Showmeanotherone.4.Kateandhersisterwentonholidaywithacousinofhers.5.Atthebeginningofthebasketballmatch,theteamwerenotsureofhimself.6.Yourclothesaredirty.Youshouldchangeitnow.,_,their,_,it,_,pair,_,theirs,_,_,them,themselves,IV.主谓一致1.Earlytobedandearlytoriseareagoodhabit.2.Thereareachairandsomedesksintheroom.3.Theoldlikestolookbackupontheolddays.4.Collectingstampsneedalotofmoney.5.Thosewhowantstocomeraiseyourhandsplease.,_,is,_,is,_,like,_,needs,_,want,即时检测（一）下面各句中有一处错误，请选出。1.Takingcareoftheirgrandsonbringthemgreatjoy.ABCD2.Helpyourselftoeatsomebananas,Bob.ABCD3.Ivereadmostofthebook.Therestofthemareboring.ABCD4.Dontworryaboutme.MikeandhisfamilyissokindABCtome.D,brings,/,books,are,5.SoonacoolwindstartedtoblowandblackcloudswereABCcoveredthesun.D6.WhenItriedtositup,IfeltapainonmybackandcouldABCnotmoved.D7.PutthelittleplantsintheshadesothatthesunwontABCburnit.D,/,move,them,8.ThewomanwhohadcaughtstealingstoleaABCDwatch.9.AnyonewhobreaksthelawwillbeputintheABCprison.D10.Thispairofsunglassesarebeautiful.IlikeitABCDverymuch.,been,/,is,即时检测（一）Myfavoritesportisfootball.Iwasamemberof1._ourschoolfootballteam.Wepractiseforthreetimes2._everyweekandoftenwatchfootballmatchonTV3._together.Playfootballnotonlymakesusgrowup4._tallandstrongbutalsogiveusasenseoffairplay5._andteamspirit.Wemustkeepinmindthatweplay6._fortheteaminsteadourselves.Also,thesport7._teachesustheimportantofobedience(服从).Each8._playermustobeycaptain,whoistheleaderof9._theteam.Andtheymustnotbreaktherulestoo10._oftenifwewanttowinthegame.,_,am,for,_,matches,_,Playing,_,gives,of,_,importance,the,_,we,即时检测（二）AfterIfinishedtheschoolthisyear,Ibegan1._tolookforwork.Nowseveralmonthlater,Istill2._hadntfoundthejobthatIwasinterested.LastSunday3._morningIreceivedaphonecallfromamancallinghim4.Mr.Smith.Hesaidtomeonthephone,“Ihearyoudo5._verywellinyourstudies.Imayhaveajobforyou.”6._Ienteredhisofficewithabeatenheart.HowIhoped7._thatIwillgothroughthejob-huntingtalktodayandhe8._wouldtakemeonasalabassistant.Buttomysurprised,9.-whathesaiddisappointing.Heonlyneededamodel.10._,in,_,would,_,himself,the,_,months,_,did,_,beating,_,surprise,was,TheProblemwithTelevisionNowIcantwatchmuchtelevisionbutafewyearsago1._Iwasusedtowatchiteverynight.Iwasoften2._alittletiredafteradaysworkandwatchTV3._demandsverylittleeffort.Unfortunate,thereare4._toomanypeopleamongmyfamily.Somewanted5._toseetheprogrammewhileotherspreferred6._another.Iamhappywithanyprogrammebut7._theothersspentalottimearguingandthere8._wasnowayofsettlingthematterexceptby9._sellingtheset.Nowsomeoneathomereadsinstead.10._,much,was,_,watching,_,Unfortunately,_,in,_,one,_,was,of,_,everyone,即时检测（四）Baseball(棒球)isoneofAmericasfavoritesport.1._Manybigcitieswh