高考英语必看之-学法指导与语法易错点归纳

高考英语学法指导与语法易错点归纳高考英语学法指导与语法易错点归纳一 二 语法知识易错点本部分共85条，对中国学生在英语语法方面容易产生错误或混淆的地方作了有针对性的提示，而不是系统地讲解语法知识，这对学生抓住要点重点是有帮助的。1. 名词变复数的特殊形式child-children, foot-feet, man-men, mouse-mice, stomach-stomachs, tooth-teeth, woman-women, sheep-sheep,deer-deer, Chinese-Chinese, a man doctor-men doctors, a woman doctor-women doctors, looker-on-lookers-on, grown-up-grown-ups误：There are many woman teachers in my school.正：There are many women teachers in my school.2. 常考不可数名词advice, baggage, equipment, information, luggage, furniture, fun, weather, knowledge, jewelry, progress误：What a fine weather it is!正：What fine weather it is!3. 可数不可数均可，但意思不同experience 经历（可数）；经验（不可数）room 房间（可数）；空间（不可数）exercise 练习（可数）；锻炼、运动（不可数）误：Visiting the Great Wall is unforgettable experience to me.正：Visiting the Great Wall is an unforgettable experience to me.4. 只能修饰可数名词的有： few, a few, many, a great/good many, a large number of误：There is a large number of water in the hole.正：There is a great deal of water in the hole.5. 只能修饰不可数名词的有：little, a little, much, a large amount of, a great/good deal of误：There are a great deal of people living there.正：There are a good many people living there.6. 可数不可数都可修饰的有：a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, large quantities of, 如：There are plenty of trees along the river.There is a large quantity of snow on the top of the mountain.7. 只有复数形式的名词有：trousers, clothes, socks, shorts, goods, thanks, congratulations, belongings误：A pair of trousers are hanging over there.正：A pair of trousers is hanging over there.8. 复数形式，单数意思的有：plastics, news, politics, physics, mathematics误：The news are exciting.正：The news is exciting. 9. 复合名词的复数形式。girl friends, boy students, women teachers, men workers, passers-by, go-betweens, grown-ups误：Therere many boys students in my class.正：Therere many boy students in my class.10. 名词做主语，谓语动词用复数police, cattle, clothes, goods误：Cattle sells well at that market.正：Cattle sell well at that market. 11. 几个应该特殊注意的名词。people (民族，人); village (村庄，村民)；man(男人，人类)，youth (年轻人，青年男子，青春)误：The Chinese are peace-loving people.正：The Chinese are a peace-loving people.12. 名词所有格1) 形式 s, of Toms living room, teachers office, teachers room, a friend of mine, John and Mary school, Johns and Marys schools2) s适用范围 有生命的物体、时间、距离、国家、城市、机构等误：This is the mountains picture.正：This is a picture of the mountain.误：John and Marys schools are beautiful.正：Johns and Marys schools are beautiful. 3) 不能被s所替换的所有格形式：the city of Beijing, at the age of 20, the experience of the old, the struggle of the poor13. 必须加the的有以下几种情况。 1) 特指某（些）人或某（些）物；I have a pen. The pen is lost.2) 谈话双方所共知的共指的物体；Look at the blackboard.3) 序数词，形容词最高级前；She is the best student in my class.4) 世界上独一无二的物体；The earth moves around the sun.5) 表方位的名词前；The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.6) 形容词前表一类人；The rich are not always happy.7) 乐器He is playing the piano now.8) 山脉、河流、海洋、群岛；China is on the east of the Pacific Ocean.9) same, only, very前；Its the very book Im looking for. 10) by the +计量单位；by the dozen, by the day, by the poundThe workers are paid by the hour.误：Birds fly to south in winter.正：Birds fly to the south in winter. Birds fly south in winter.14. 不用冠词的情况有以下几种。1) 表泛指的名词前；如：Do you like music?2) 三餐前；如：have breakfast, lunch, supper, dinner3) 棋类、球类运动前；Almost all the boys in my class love playing football.4) 表官衔、职位的名词前；He was made monitor of the class.5) Child as he is中的child名词前。Student as he is, he never obeys the teacher.高考英语学法指导与语法易错点归纳二 一 关于英语总复习的几点建议 （一）学会自主学习 所谓自主学习，就是学生具有学好英语的欲望，在老师的指导下能自己确定目标，自己安排进程，自己设计活动，自己寻找材料，自己监督自己，自己总结经验。课上课下听老师的话是对的，但要有主动性，作学习的主人。 二 语法知识易错点 1. it, that, one, the one, the ones, thoseMy pen was lost. I cannot find it. （同一物体）My pen was lost. I have to buy a new one. （同类不同一）The population of Shanghai is much larger than that of Tianjin. （不可数名词）This pen is not the one I lost yesterday. （特指）The pens are not the ones I lost yesterday.The pens are not those I lost yesterday.误句：The weather in Beijing is much colder than the one in Shanghai.正句：The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Shanghai.2. each, either, both, neither, every, allTrees are planted on either/each side of the street.Trees are planted on both sides of the street.Trees are planted on every/each side of the square.Trees are planted on neither side of the street.Trees are planted on all sides of the square.误句：You can tie the horse to every of the two trees.正句：You can tie the horse to either of the two trees.3. any, either I have three books and you can choose any one.I have two books and you can choose either one.误句：-When would you like to come over to my house, Saturday or Sunday?-Any day is OK with me. 正句：-When would you like to come over to my house, Saturday or Sunday?-Either day is OK with me.3. another, the other, the others, others Another student came in.I have two brothers. One is a teacher. The other is a doctor.Suppose there are 50 students. Some students (20) are playing football on the playground. Others (20) are doing their homework in the classroom. The other students (30) are playing football on the playground.The others (30) are playing football on the playground.4. none, nothing, nobody, neither1) -How many students are there in the classroom? -None.2) -How much money do you have?-None.3) -Is there anybody in the classroom? -Nobody.4) -Is there anything in the room?-Nothing.5) -Would you please lend me some ink? -Sorry, but I have none left myself.6) I want neither of the two books.I want none of the three books.误句：-What do you want?-None.正句：1) -What do you want? -Nothing. 2) -Of the three things, which do you want?-None. 5. 反身代词应注意以下几点。1) I myself think2) Help yourself! 请随便吃吧3) Make yourself at home!别客气4) Dont upset yourself.别自寻烦恼5) make oneself heard/ understood I couldnt make myself heard above the noise.声音被淹没了。6) between ourselves, do you think 私下里说7) In itself, his illness is nothing to worry about.就疾病本身而言，没什么可担心的。8) He is not quite himself today.他感到不舒服9) by oneself = alone, without help 单干、无人帮忙10) for oneself 为You have the right to decide for yourself.11) of oneself 自动地The light went out of itself.6. 代词的其他注意事项：1) this, that My plan is like this: firstsecondthird He was ill. Thats why he didnt come.2) much, many3) some, any4) it可以指代分不清性别的小孩 Is it a boy or a girl?5) she, he也可以用于月亮、太阳、轮船或动物拟人化。 China is our motherland and she is the most beautiful country in the world in my opinion.6) you, he and I, you and I, ladies and gentlemen7. 数词1) 大于某数 more than 20 years, over thirty, above twenty degrees2) 小于 less than ten days, fewer than 50 people, children under 73) 至少 at least 10 dollars, no less than 100 people4) 大约 about three days, around 2 oclock, two miles or so5) 至多 not more than 5 rooms, at most ten days6) 仅有 no more than 1 year, only 2 years7) 倍数 This ruler is twice/three times longer than that one.This ruler is twice/three times as long as that one.This ruler is twice/three times the length of that one.误：This box is as three times heavier as that one.正：This box is three times as heavy as that one.8. 数字+形容词+名词Its a five-foot-deep hole.The hole is five feet deep.Its a hole five feet deep.误句：Its a three-meters-long table.正句：Its a three-meter-long table.9. 形容词，副词的比较级和最高级busy-busier-busiest hot-hotter-hottestimportant-more important-most importantgood-better-best many/much-more-mostbad/ill-worse-worst old-older/elder-oldest/eldest little-less-leastfar-farther/further-farthest/furthest badly-worse-worst well-better-best10. 形容词需要注意以下几点：1) 只能做定语的形容词有：live, main, chief;My main purpose is to help you here.2) 只能做表语的形容词有：alone, alike, awake, asleep, lit, contentHe is alone, but he doesnt feel lonely.3) 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序依次是：冠词（所有格；指示词；数词）；品质；大小长短；形状；新旧；颜色；产地；材料；用途；例如：a beautiful little round red Chinese wooden public reading room4) 能修饰形容词比较级的有：much, rather, even , still, far, any, no, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal, yet等；Im much better now.Im a great deal better now.5) 能修饰形容词最高级的有：by far, very, much。He is by far the best student in my class. 二、语法知识易错点 1. 注意几个短语的用法。1) the tallest of all The girl is the best student of all. 2) the smaller of the two This island is the larger of the two. 3) less rich than He is less poor than his brother. 4) as rich as He is as tall as his brother. 5) the more, the better The more you look at it, the better you like it. 6) not more beautiful than, no more beautiful than 误：He is no more clever than his brother. So he can solve the problem. 正：He is no more foolish than his brother. So he can solve the problem. 2. 注意几组副词的区别。 1) deep, deeply I was deeply touched by the moving story.2) high, highly I thought highly of his idea. 3) wide, widely English is widely spoken in China nowadays. 4) direct, directly Go direct home. 5) first, firstly 6) free, freely He can talk freely in English. 7) hard, hardly I can hardly move. 8) late, lately Where have you been lately? 9) just, justly 10) loud, aloud, loudly Reading aloud is important for English learners. 11) most, mostly My friends are mostly Chinese. 12) near, nearly, almost Almost nobody was there to help him. 13) fair, fairly, rather, quite 14) also, as well, too, either 15) very, much, very much 误：Im deep moved by what he said. 正：Im deeply moved by what he said. 3. 几个易错的副词home, downtown, downstairs, abroad 误句：He went to abroad three years ago. 正句：He went abroad three years ago. 4. 介词与动词的搭配。agree with, belong to, break away from, care for He agreed with what I said. 5. 介词与形容词的搭配。afraid of, angry with, different from, good at Im afraid of falling behind others.6. 介词与名词的搭配。answer to, key to, reason for, cause of, visit toHow about your visit to the Great Wall? 7. 注意几组介词的区别。1) at, in, on (表地点，表时间) 2) from, for, since (表时间) 3) below, under, above, over 4) between, among 5) by, with, in (表方式) You can get there by bus. He cut the meat with a knife. He wrote the letter in ink. 8. 一般现在时注意以下两点。1) 表时刻表的情况下，一般现在代替将来时态用； 2) 主将从现符合的原则是：if条件句，时间状语从句，方式状语从句和让步状语从句。如：If he comes, Ill let you know. He will be happy when I tell him. Next time Ill do as you say. Even if it rains tomorrow, the sports meet will take place. 3) be to do 表有责任、有义务做某事be going to do 表示有计划性、准备做某事 will do 一般情况下使用 误：The plane will take off at 10p.m.正：The plane takes off at 10p.m. 9. 现在进行时注意以下四点。1) 和always, constantly, forever, continually连用表示说话人的感情色彩，责备，埋怨等；He is always thinking of others. 2) 强调情况的暂时性；He is walking to school because his bike is being repaired. 3) 强调一时的表现； He is being silly. 4) 表将来。 Im going shopping this afternoon. 误：He types his own letters when his secretary is ill. 正：He is typing his own letters when his secretary is ill. 误：He always makes the same mistake. 正：He is always making the same mistake. 10. 一般将来时注意以下三点。 1) 表倾向，习惯性动作。意为会，不能，没法；We will die sooner or later. The medicine wont help. 2) 表推测 The man in the middle will be visiting president. 3) 表容量 The hall will seat 500 people. 误：The machine doesnt work. 正：The machine wont work. 11. 一般过去时说没有想到是指过去没有想到。如：I didnt expect you were here. I didnt think you would come. 12. 现在完成时的适用范围。 1) 过去动作对现在的影响和结果； Ive already finished my homework, so I can leave now.2) 过去开始持续到现在；Great changes have taken place in China in the past five years. 3) 曾经经历过的事情；Have you ever been to the Summer Palace? 4) 在主将从现中，如果没有一般现在，可以选现在完成。如： If I finish/have finished my homework, Ill go home. 13. 过去完成时注意两点。1) 它是和一般过去时对应存在的，没有一般过去时，就不存在过去完成时。2) 用在no soonerthan, scarcelywhen, hardlywhen, had intended, had hoped, had planned等短语中。误：I hoped to go there, but I didnt. 正：I had hoped to go there, but I didnt. 14. that从句用完成时。It/This/That is the first/second/last time that 如：This is the first time that I have been in Beijing. It/This/That is the onlythat 如： That is the only book that I have really enjoyed in my life.It/This/That is the + 最高级that It is one of the most interesting book that I have ever read. 15. 一般不用进行时的词。没有延续性的词（accept, decide, want等），know, think, agree, mean, love, like, cost, exist, hate, dislike, fear, 系动词。误：Im wanting to know the reason. 正：I want to know the reason.二、语法知识易错点1. 被动语态的构成。 2. 主动表被动的适用范围。1) 表衡量的动词。The room measures 5 by 6.2) sell, write, wash, read, wear, keep, drink等表状态的情况下；The pen writes well.The clothes wash well.3) 在动词不定式中主语发出的动作。I have a lot of work to do. 4) 动词不定式前面的词为形容词时。The question is easy to answer.5) 在need, want, require, be worth后面doing主动表被动。The bike wants repairing.注意：The bike wants to be repaired.误：The shoes are sold well.正：The shoes sell well.误：The flowers need being watered.正：The flowers need watering.The flowers need to be watered.3. 没有被动语态。1) 系动词；He looks well today.2) 不及物动词；The sun rises in the east.3) 固定词或短语中。如：happen, take place, go up, break out, come about, add up to, belong to等。The book belonging to me is missing. 误：Being tasted good, the food was soon eaten up.正：Tasting good, the food was soon eaten up.误：The government tries its best to have peoples living standard risen.正：The government tries its best to have peoples living standard raised.4. can, could1) 表示体力、眼力方面的能力，能做某种动作的能力I can ride a bike.2) 在口语中，can 可代替may表示许可Can I use your dictionary?3) 在疑问句中表示怀疑Can it be true?4) 在否定句中，表示判断或推断You cant be hungry so soon. Youve just had lunch.5. may, might1) 允许(正式或比较客气的场合)You may use my car.2) 可能：用在陈述句中It might be right.3) 表示判断：不太肯定He might be sleeping now.4) 表祝愿May you succeed!5) may/ might as well不妨You may as well tell me the truth.6. must1) 必须You must do it at once.2) 不许、禁止（否定）You mustnt waste our time.-Must I leave now?-No, you neednt /you dont have to.3) 作判断（肯定的判断）The light is on. He must be in the office.7. shall1) 用于二、三人称表允许、命令、警告。You shall leave the door or Ill call the police.She shall do as she is told. 2) 征求对方意见或向对方请示（用于一、三人称）。Shall I open the window?3) 竟然The dog should understand German.误：Can he come in or wait outside?正：Shall he come in or wait outside?8. should1) 应该（责任/义务，任何人称）。You should study English hard.2) 预测（对将要发生的进行预测）可能、该。They should be there by tomorrow.9. will1) 愿意、意愿、意志、决心（用于各人称）。If you will wait, Ill come back.2) will= probably表一种猜想。You will remember the story I told you last time.3) 征求意见，用于第二人称。Will you give me a piece of paper?4) 否定表可否。Wont you take off your cap?5) 表某种倾向或习惯性动作。Fish will die out of water. 10. would 1) 意愿 Would you please do me a favor?2) Id/should/would like to=want toId like to see Mr. Smith.3) 表过去习惯动作（表过去习惯的动作，现在如何不知道）。When we were children, we would go swimming every summer.4) 一种揣测。That would be his mother.11. need, dare1) 作实义动词，要+to（尤其need）She dares to speak and dares to act.I need to go now.2) 在否定、疑问、条件句中，可作情态动词用。If they dare come, they will never be able to get away.She neednt go.She doesnt need to go.12. 几个情态动词+have doneought to have done 和should have done 表示应该做某事而未做，表责备，表埋怨 could have done 本可以做某事而未做neednt have done 不需要做某事而做了The plants are dead. I ought to have watered it.The plants are dead. I should have watered it. Its quite near. I could have come here on foot, but I took a taxi.You neednt have brought such a big dictionary. Heres one for you.13. 情态动词表推测。1) 一定用must；You look pale. You must be ill.2) 可能用may, might, could;He may be ill. Thats why he didnt come.3) 一定不能或疑问句中用can, could.You cant have met him at the airport. He went to Japan a week ago.误：The ground is wet. It must rain last night.正：The ground is wet. It must have rained last night.高考英语学法指导与语法易错点归纳五一、英语词汇学习中的几个注意事项语言最小最基础的单位是词汇。词汇掌握得扎实准确，又会灵活运用，使用语言的能力就强。高考要考察的词汇与课本所学的词汇并非完全一致。高考词汇表共约2000个单词和500个左右词组。备战高考应把主要精力放在高考词汇表上，记一些课外单词对高考意义不大。以下是学习单词的一些建议：1.学习单词，不但要记住拼写，还要注意基本用法。比如说hope一词，就要知道常见用法是hope to do，hope + that clause，lose hope，I hope so等等，还要知道不能用于hope sb to do sth这一结构，以及不说I dont hope so，但常说I hope not。2.词不离句，句不离文。不要孤立地学习单词，要结合句子和文章理解，记忆，复习单词。所以，不断地听说读写英语其实是学习单词的最好的办法。3.按单词用法分类记忆。如其后只跟doing 的动词：enjoy, mind, practice, finish, consider, give up 等。又如不及物动词：lie, die, fall, talk, arrive, stand, sleep, look, cheer, hurry, sit.4.把名词分成若干类记忆。如：动物：ant, bird, cat, donkey ,frog, panda.职业：teacher, worker, student, ballplayer, athlete。食品：burger, rice, chicken, fish, soup, potato.交通工具：car, bus, taxi, plane, ship, bicycle。建筑物：building, statue, hotel, stadium, hall。地名：Australia, Britain, China, Denmark, Egypt, France。 5.按词类记忆如，介词：in, on, above, under, afte