雅思阅读-第二讲-list-of-headingppt课件

.,1,雅思阅读第二讲,Listofheadings,.,2,题例：剑43,.,3,.,4,Tipsonlistofheadings,题目出现在文章前，要特别注意不要漏做每个标题只用一次标题多于选项，拿不准一个选项先标上多个标题，有空再细看示例中已经选过的段落直接划掉不看，节约时间,.,5,英文文章结构,学术类多为议论说明文多常采用线条清晰而简单的文章结构：总分式：开头论点论据或说明结尾重申Topicsentencesupportingideas,examplesRepitition/suggestionLocationoftopsentence:80%首句，15%末句，5%左右在中间）,.,6,实例：主题句与支持句,Inagrowingnumberofhotelsandskyscrapersacrossthenation,steelwallshavereplacedthefoot-thickbrickandmortarwallsonceused.Testsshowthatasteelwallfourinchesthickhasbetterinsulatingqualitiesthana12-inchthicknessofmasonry.Inaddition,steel-curtainwallpanelssavebothtimeandlabor.Andthefloorspaceconservedbyuseofthethinwallasagainstthethickwallinabigofficebuildingcanmeanacoupleofhundreddollarsayearinrentals.Topicsentence:Inagrowingnumberofhotelsandskyscrapersusesteelwallsinsteadofbrick-and-mortarwalls.Supportingideas:1)Asteelwallhasbetterinsulatingproperties.2)Steelwallpanelssavetimeandlabor.3)Asteelwallconservesfloorspace.,.,7,解题步骤,.,8,解题侧重点,选项着手:抓住每个heading中的KEYWORDS文章着手:抓住文章每段的主题句无主题句者，需要你从共性的东西中总结推断，可重点关注段落中的重复字眼,.,9,注意改写现象,Headings是原文主题的浓缩改写文章中更具体，选项更概括,更抽象Headings中的关键词可能在原文中会以改写的方式出现,.,10,主题句非固定特征,主题句（需要你细读）包含性最强的句子转折、递进式的句子But/however等之后的句子Although,inspiteof,despite的主句表结论、推断等sbbelieve/hold/imply/suggest等引导的宾从是主句表定义AisdefinedasisknownasAisNamely/ThatisThisis,.,11,非主题句特征,非主题句（需要略过）举例包含细节的句子问句从句,.,12,主题句的常规特征,Feature:1.某特定单词反复出现2.以指代词形式出现3.以同义词/近义词/同类词的形式出现,.,13,1.某特定单词反复出现,Animalscanmoveformplacetoplace,butplantscannot.Whenananimalisunderattack,itcanrunawayorfightback.Plantscertainlycannotrunaway,andtheylackteethandclaws.Butplantscandefendthemselvesbyusingbothphysicalandchemicalmeans.,plants,Plants,plants,.,14,2.以指代词形式出现,Tropicalfisharebecomingincreasinglypopular.Variedincolor,theyaredecorativeforhomes,officesandevenstorewindows.Therisingofsuchfishisrecommendedasarelaxinghobbyforpeopleinjobsinvolvingmuchtension.Manyhobbyistshavemademoneybybreedingthosefishvarietiesforwhichthereisaspecialdemand.,Tropicalfisharebecomingincreasinglypopular.Variedincolor,theyaredecorativeforhomes,officesandevenstorewindows.Therisingofsuchfishisrecommendedasarelaxinghobbyforpeopleinjobsinvolvingmuchtension.Manyhobbyistshavemademoneybybreedingthosefishvarietiesforwhichthereisaspecialdemand.,.,15,3.以同义词/近义词/同类词形式出现,SydneyishometothestateArtGalleryofNewSouthWales,theSateConservatoriumofMusic,theAustralianOpera,theSydneyDanceCompany,andtheAustralianBallet.Theworld-classSydneySymphonyOrchestraoffersgreatclassicalmusicallyearround.Localtheatreiscreativeandwellsupported,andlarge-scaleoverseasproductionstourregularly.,SydneyishometothestateArtGalleryofNewSouthWales,theSateConservatoriumofMusic,theAustralianOpera,theSydneyDanceCompany,andtheAustralianBallet.Theworld-classSydneySymphonyOrchestraoffersgreatclassicalmusicallyearround.Localtheatreiscreativeandwellsupported,andlarge-scaleoverseasproductionstourregularly.,.,16,特例：notopicsentence,某些段落主题句不明显，是一系列细节的罗列，此时需要归纳出它们所属的类别。ParagraphC:Thereisatoasteroven,ablender,andacanopenerononecounter.Ihaveamicrowaveovenonanother.Inmycupboard,youcanfindamixerandahotairpopcornpopper.Onthefarsideofthekitchen,thereisacoffeemachineandcoffeegrinder.Heading4kitchenutensils,.,17,Hintsfromwordsintheheadings,1.wordssignifyingthebeginningofapassage2.wordssignifyingthemiddlepartsofapassage3.wordssignifyingtheendofapassage,.,18,1.wordssignifyingthebeginning,（1）名词+of+文章主标题concept,conception,introduction,definition,explanation,notion,core,essence,justification,view/mainidea/demonstration/orientation/initiation,whatis+文章主标题（2）动词+文章主标题define,justify（3）形容词+名词+of+文章主标题basic,intrinsic,fundamental+factors/elementsof+topic,.,19,2.wordssignifyingthemiddle,（1）所有的比较选项compare,contrast,rival,similar,match,coincidewith,contraryto,oppositeto,versus,akinto,aliento（2）数字选项data,figure,demography,demographic,statistic,census,calculation（3）百分比选项rate,ratio,percentage,proportion,density,.,20,（4）金钱符号选项wage,income,cost,expense,expenditure,revenue,salary（5）时间指示词decade,generation,ages,longtime,longterm,longtradition,longprocess,longprocedure,centuryheritage,.,21,3.wordssignifyingtheending,effect(affect),impact,consequenceresult,generalization,conclusion,summary/aftermath/anticipationProspect/vision+文章的TOPIC,.,22,Exercisesonheading,Pleaseidentifythebestheadingforeachparagraphaccordingtowhatyouread.,.,23,.,24,无主题句，都是细节,.,25,.,26,主题句为第一句Ais,.,27,.,28,首句非主题句，此段中心只能推断，根据句子间的逻辑关系,.,29,.,30,.,31,.,32,.,33,.,3