英语语法限定词部分ppt课件

.,1,限定词,.,2,Sectionone,一、限定词的定义和分类1、限定词是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指，类指以及表示确定数量和非确定数量等限定作用的词类。2、限定词包括：冠词a(n),the物主限定词my,your,his,her,our,their,ones,its名词属格Johns,myfriends指示限定词this,that,these,those,such关系限定词whose,which疑问限定词what,which,whose,.,3,不定限定词no,some,any,each,every,enough,either,neither,all,both,half,several,many,much,(a)few,(a)little,other,another基数词和序数词倍数词和分数词量词alotof,lotsof,plentyof,agreat/gooddealof,alarge/smallamount/quantityof,agreat/large/goodnumberof等注意：这些量词与单数名词，复数名词以及不可数名词的搭配。,.,4,二、限定词与限定词的搭配关系,1.按其不同的搭配位置，限定词可分为：前位限定词，中位限定词，后位限定词。前位限定词包括：all,both,half;double,twice,threetimes等;one-third,two-thirds等；what,such(a/an)等。中位限定词包括：a(n),the,zero;this,that,these,those;my,your等；Marys,myfriends;some,any,no,every,each,either,neither,enough;what(ever),which(ever),whose等。,.,5,后位限定词包括：one,two,three等；first,second,third等；next,last,other,another等；many,much,（a）few,（a）little,fewer,less,more,most,several,such等。此外还有：plentyof,alotof,lotsof等其含义相当于many/much的词。,.,6,2.三类限定词的搭配关系：按前位中位后位的顺序排列。当名词中心词之前出现几个于不同层次的形容词作修饰词时，一般按下列顺序排列：限定词-表示说话人评价的形容词-表示大小，形状，新旧的形容词-表示颜色的形容词-表示国别，来源，材料的形容词-表示用途或目的的形容词或分词，名词等类别词-名词中心词。,.,7,3.同时，应该注意若干限定词的用法。（详见新编英语语法教程P96P103）1）、表示“多”的意思，可用many,much,alotof,lotsof,plentyof,agood/greatmany,alargeamountof等，注意这些词与名词单复数以及不可数名词的搭配。2)、表示“少”的意思，可用(a)few,（a）little。afew,alittle表示肯定含义，而few,little表示否定含义。注意：quiteafew,agoodfew,notafew表示“相当多”的含义，相当于afairnumber(of).,.,8,3）、some,any表示“一些”的意思。Some常用于肯定句，any常用于否定句和疑问句中，同时也可用于条件句和以及带有否定含义的句子中；注意：A：当说话人期待肯定回答时，some可用于疑问句中，如：Aretheresomelettersforme?,.,9,B：当购物时向售货员提问或者主人向客人表示款待时，some可用于疑问句中，如：CouldIhavesomeoftheseapples?Wouldyoulikesomechocolatecake?C：当some与单数可数名词搭配时，some相当于acertain(某一)的含义，而any与单数可数名词搭配时，则相当于every(任何一个)的含义。如：Someboyhasbrokenawindow.Anychildcouldanswerthatquestion.D：all,both,every,each,either,neither,any这一类词，除every只能作限定词外，都是既可作限定词，也可作不定代词。,.,10,三、冠词1.冠词的类指和特指用法类指是表示类别，也就是泛指一类人或物。比如定冠词与单数可数名词搭配，往往可以起类指的作用，常用于正式语体。如：Calileoclaimedthathehadinventedthetelescope.特指不同于类指，它不是泛指一类人或物，而是特指一类人或物中的具体对象。这里有两种情况，一种是非常明确的指出何人或何物，这叫做“确定特指”。定冠词常作这种用法。如：Weownadogandacat.Thedogisbrown,andthecatiswhite.,.,11,另一种情况是“非确定特指”，这也是特指具体对象，但不很明确。不定冠词常作这种用法。如：Imetanoldmaninthestreet.零冠词也有类似用法。如：Thestreetsarecleanandareshadedwithtrees.2.各类名词前的冠词用法。（详见新编英语语法教程P109-P118）冠词与专业名词，普通名词的用法；冠词在由两个名词构成的并列对称结构中，名词之前一般都带零冠词。,.,12,Sectiontwo,一、choice1Onaccountsofthetyphoon_shipmentwillarrivethisweek.A.neitherB.allC.bothD.these2.Haveyougot_copiestogoround?A.theotherB.enoughC.littleD.much,.,13,3.Idlike_paper.A.afewB.severalC.abitofD.these4.Thereis_ironinthisminethaninthatone.A.muchB.agreatdealofC,lessD.alotof5.Themodelworkerhad_thoughtofhisowninterests.A.thelastB.lessC.theleastD.anthor,.,14,6.Theremustbe_emptytalkbutmorehardwork.A,fewerB.noC.theleastD.less7.Wehad_rainfallslastsummer.A.toomuchB.littleC.alittleD.onlyseveral8._carewouldhavepreventedtheaccident/A.muchB.littleC.alittleD.afew,.,15,9.Theadditionalworkwilltake_weeks.A.theotherB.anotherfiveC.otherfiveD.themore10.Hediditin_timeittookme.A.theone-thirdB.halfaC.thedoubleD,one-thirdthe,.,16,11._friendsusuallyspeakhighlyofhim.A.HissomeB.HismanyC.ManyhisD.somehis12._dictionaryisenoughforme.A.SuchoneB.OnesuchC.SuchaoneD.Onesucha,.,17,13._eveningshedidenjoyhimselfimmensely.A.ThefirstfewB.ThefewfirstC.ThefirstsomeD.Somethefirst14._meatistainted.A.Thatone-thirdB.One-thirdthatC.suchaD.fewsuch,.,18,15._recommendationhassofarbeenmadebythetechnicians.A.severalsuchB.nosuchC.suchnoD.nosuch,.,19,二、Cloze,Inordertolive,animalsandpeopleneedtodrinkwater.Waterranks1inthelistofall-timesafefluid.Butnotallwaterisassafeasonce2_.RecenttestsofwaterfountainsinseveralU.S.citiesshowthatmanyfountainsgivewatercontaininglarge3_oflead,apoisonousmetal.Arecentstudyof900waterfountainsinLosAngeles4_thathalfofthefountains5_containedhigheramountsofleadthan6_exportsconsider7_.Inothercities8_resultsoftestswereannounced:toomuchleadinmany,though9_,drinkingfountains.Waterdoesntnormallycontainanylead,butwhenitpassesthroughpipes,itcan10_.,.,20,Peoplewhodrinkthewater11_thelead.Anadultsbodypassesmostofthelead12_thebody,butchildrens13_retainmorethanhalfthelead14_.Thismakeschildrenmorelikelytobeaffected.Leadcandamagetokidneys,cause15_andimpairlearningandmemory.16_fourmillionchildrenintheU.S.A.alreadyhavehighlevelaofleadintheirbodies.Mostofthisleadcomesfrom17_pollutedwiththemetal.Theycan18_itupfromeatingdirtorpaintchipcontaininglead.In19_tolimittheleadinwaterfountains,officialsrecentlysuggestedthatfountains20_tohavetoomuchleadbereplacedorrepaired.Ofcourse,thiswouldrequireagreatamountofmoney.,.,21,1.A.heightB.higherC.highlyD.high2.A.wasB.orderedC.thoughtD.existed3.A.lotsB.numberC.amountsD.amount4.A.learnedB.thoughtC.revealedD.considered5.A.usedB.testedC.foundD.were6.A.theamountB.thestudyC.thetestD.thelead7.A.safetyB.assafeC.safelyD.safe8.A.variousB.differentC.similarD.same9.A.veryfewB.notallC.notafewD.notmuch10.A.havepollutedB.bepollutingC.polluteD.bepolluted,.,22,11.A.takeoutB.takeinC.bringoutD.bringin12.A.offB.onC.outofD.into13.A.organsB.leadC.bodiesD.health14.A.beingswallowedB.havingswallowedC.toswallowD.swallowing15.A.losthearingB.hearinglostC.hearinglossD.hearloss16.A.AslongasB.AswellasC.AsmanyasD.Asmuchas17.A.airbreathB.airbreathedC.breathedairD.breathingair18.A.pickB.bringC.takeD.get19.A.attentionB.anattemptC.awayD.atry20.A.foundB.usedC.haveD.able,.,23,三、Translation,1.请代我向你们校长问好。2.那辆新的红色小汽车是中国制造的。3.此种乐观态度已变得非常不合时宜。4.每隔几分钟电话铃就响一次。5.我们很快得知，还得再多等三星期。,.,24,四、Correction,1.Wehavegotenoughtimetoreadsuchmanynovels.2.Idontlikethiskindofapples.3.Wouldyoulikeanymoresoup?4.Thelibralianhascataloguedeachbookinthefictionsection.5.MorecornisproducedintheUnitedStatesthaninanycountries.,.,25,6.Thethirdsisterofhisissuchaspite