简单句的七种类型PPT课件

.,1,SevenTypesofSimpleSentences简单句的七种类型,.,2,十大词类(PartsofSpeech)英语中的词可以根据词义，句法作用和形式特征分为十大词类：名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、冠词、连词、数词、感叹词。,.,3,.,4,需要弄清楚的几个概念：1、及物动词(vt.)：后面带有宾语，意思才能完整。eg.Theywantsomebooks.Heisreadingabook.2、不及物动词(vi.)：本身意义完整，不需跟宾语。eg.Birdsfly.Heworksinthefactory.3、系动词：系动词本身虽有一定的词义，但不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和作表语的词语(如形容词,名词等)连用,构成谓语。如：be(是),look(看起来像),become(成为,变得)等。eg.Theyareteachers.Hebecameveryinterestedinscience.,.,5,句子成分(ElementsoftheSentence)组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分，主要有：主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、插入语、同位语等，其中主语和谓语是句子的主要成分。,.,6,.,7,主语(Subject),主语是动作的主体部分在主动句中：主语是动作的发出者IteachyouEnglish.在被动句中：主语是动作的承受者Youarebeaten.主语一般由名词、代词或数词充当。Twelvedividedbyfouristhree.（数词）主语还可以由从句或非谓语动词充当。Whatyousaidiswrong.Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.TolearnEnglishisdifficult.,.,8,谓语(Predicate),谓语表示一个动作、行为，是由动词充当的。IteachyouEnglish.一个句子能不能没有谓语?,谓语,不能,.,9,宾语(Object):,宾语的分类：动词宾语：动作涉及的对象。Iloveyou.介词宾语：介词所涉及的对象。Iwanttogivethisbooktoyou.宾语一般由名词、代词充当。宾语也可以是一个从句或非谓语动词。Hetoldmethathefeltlonely.Helikesswimming.,动宾,介宾,.,10,定语(Attributive):,定语的作用用于修饰、限定名词或代词。定语一般由？充当。abeautifulgirl定语还可以由名词充当，表用途。apencilbox,定语,形容词,.,11,定语(Attributive):,定语也可以由从句或非谓语动词充当。ThosewhowanttolearnEnglishwellshouldstudyharderthanothers.aninterestingbookameetingtoattend定语也可以由副词（词组）或介词（词组）充当。ThemanoverthereThebooksontheshelf,.,12,状语(Adverbial),状语是用于修饰副词、形容词或动词的成分。状语一般由副词充当。Thoseproblemsareprettyhard.形容词也可以充当状语。Happytoseehim,sheforgoteverything.,.,13,状语(Adverbial),介词词组、非谓语动词和从句也可以充当状语。TheymanagedtofinishthejobbeforeMonday.（介词词组）Theoldmansatonthebench,enjoyingthesun-set.（现在分词词组）Ashewasleavingtheoffice,itstartedtorain.（时间状语从句）,.,14,补语(Complement),补语是用于补充说明主语或宾语的身份或特征。补语一般由名词或形容词充当。Iamateacher.(SC)Dontleavemealone.(OC),主语补语,宾语补足语,PS：位于连系动词后的主语补语又称“表语”。,Notice:这是一句“SVC”句型不是“SVO”,.,15,补语(Complement),副词、介词（词组）、非谓语动词或从句都可以在系动词后充当补语(也称表语)。Timeisup.(adv.)Theyareintheclassroom.(prep.)Theplaceiswherewefirstmeteachother.副词、介词（词组）或非谓语动词也可以充当宾语补足语。Isawhimrushingintotheclassroom.,.,16,同位语(Appositive),同位语是位于名词或代词后面的个别名词或名词词组，对前者进行补充说明。同位语一般由名词或名词词组充当TheGreatWall,oneofthewondersintheworld,attractsalargenumberofforeignfriends.名词性从句也可以充当同位语（修饰抽象名词为多）news,fact,truthThenewsthathewentabroadsurprisedme.,.,17,SevenTypesofSimpleSentences简单句的七种句型,.,18,简单句的七种基本结构：,1.Thesunrises.2.Idontlikebasketball.3.Dannyistired.4.Ireadherastory.5.Ihelpedherbrushherteeth.,主语+不及物动词,主语+及物动词+宾语,主语+系动词+表语,主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,主语+动词+宾语+宾补,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,_,.,19,SevenTypesofSimpleSentences:,1.主语+不及物动词,2.主语+及物动词+宾语,3.主语+系动词+补语,4.主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,5.主语+动词+宾语+宾补,Subject+IntransitiveVerb,Subject+TransitiveVerb+Object,Subject+LinkVerb+Complement,Subject+Verb+IndirectObject+DirectObject,Subject+Verb+Object+Complement,.,20,SevenTypesofSimpleSentences:,1.主语+不及物动词,2.主语+及物动词+宾语,3.主语+动词+补语,4.主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,5.主语+动词+宾语+宾补,SV,SVO,SVC,SVoO,SVOC,6.SVA,7.SV0A,.,21,一、主语+不及物动词（S+V）这种句型中没有直接宾语,但常带有状语。例如：Thewaterisboiling.SVTheyhavebeenwaitingthereforhours.SVThetrainwillleavesoon.SVTheflagsarewavinginthewindSV,.,22,二、主语+及物动词+宾语（S+V+O）Hehasasister.SVOTheywantedtohavearest.SVOShecarriedoutherplan.SVOHelikeswatchingTV.SVO,.,23,三、主语+动词+补语（S+V+C）英文中的系动词主要是指be动词的各种变化形式，也包括那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。这类动词常见的有：become（变成）look（看上去）seem(看起来）get（变得)feel（摸起来）grow（变得）turn（变成）keep（保持）stand（保持）stay（保持）smell（闻起来）sound（听起来）taste（尝起来）,.,24,Heisagoodstudent.SVCSheisintheclassroom.SVCItisgettingwarmerandwarmer.SVCThetreesturngreen.SVC,.,25,四、主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO）这类句型常有“给某人某物”、“送某人某物”、“留给某人某物”等意思。常见的这类谓语动词后接to的有：give(给某人)bring(带给某人)tell(告诉某人.)send(送给某人),leave(留给某人)pass(递给某人)read(给某人读)write(给某人写),take(给某人拿)show(给某人看)teach(教某人)get(给某人弄到)lend(借给某人)buy(给某人买)pay(支付某人)hand(递给某人),.,26,Shebroughtmeashirt.SVIODOPasshimthedictionary,please.VIODOIlendhimmybicycle.SVIODO=Ilendmybicycletohim.后接for的有:make,buy,get,sing,cook等等。Hermotherboughtheraskirt.SVIODO=Hermotherboughtaskirtforher.,.,27,五、主语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+C）常带复合宾语结构的及物动词有：feel(感觉到)find(发现)get(使得)have(使，让)hear(听到)keep(保持)make(使)notice(注意到)see(看见)let(使)watch(注视，看)call(称)ask(请求,要求)tell(告诉)want(想要)wish(希望)listento(听)lookat(看，瞧),.,28,WecallhimXiaoLiu.SVOCThenewsmademehappy.SVOCHekeepshishandbehindhisback.SVOCThestorymadeuslaugh.SVOCHeheardsomebodyopeningthedoor.SVOC,.,29,在某种情况下，状语成分必不可少。HelivesinShanghai.Shakespearelivedinthe16thcentury.TheHuntersarestayinginthePeaceHotel.Thetrainleavesateight.TheywillbeflyingtoLondon.在上述诸例中如果省略inShanghai等状语成分，便不能表达完整思想，因此有些语法书把这类句子连同上述Thegramophoneisonthetable一起划入SVA句型。,六、SVA句型,.,30,比较SV和SVA句型,区别：状语A是不是不可或缺的：如果没有状语句子仍能被理解，这是SV句型。如果没有状语句子不能被理解，这是SVA句型。,共同点：SV与SVA句型的是谓语动词均为不及物动词。SV句型Theyhavearrived.SVA句型Thefamouswriterlivedinthe18thcentury.,.,31,SVO句型一般不需要状语成分即可表达完整思想。但在某些情况下，状语成分必不可少。例如：Heputthevaseonthetable.Jimbroughthissuitcasesupstairs.IlltakeMarytothestation.Theytreatedhimkindly.在上述例句中，如果拿掉onthetable，upstairs，tothestation，kindly等状语成分，句子的思想就不完整。因此有的语法书把这类句子划为单独一种句型SVOA。,.,32,七、SVOA句型,这两个基本句型的共同点是谓语动词均为及物动词。SVO句型Iloveyouverymuch!SVOA句型Iputthebottleonthedesk.,SVO句型与SVOA句型的区别在于A是否必须存在！,不能缺少！,可以省略！,.,33,判断下列各句句子的基本句型,MrBlackisEnglish.Theteachertaughtussomegrammarrules.Thefarmerdugupthesoil.Shefoundherringlost.Sheleftherjobunfinished.Thegreatpoetlivedinthe18thcentury.Jimbroughthissuitcasesupstairs.,SVC,SVOo,SVO,SVOC,SVOC,SVA,SVOA,.,34,划分句子成分:,Mysisterisanurse.Theyaredrinking.Theyaredrinkingtea.Theoldmanwalksinthepark.Shepassedhimthesalt.Wekeepthetableclean.,_S,_V,_C,_S,_V,_S,_V,_O,_S,_V,_S,_V,_IO,_DO,_S,_V,_O,_C,.,35,7.Theyworkhard.8.Theflowerisdead.9.Plantsneedwater.10.Hegivesmesomeseeds.11.Weshouldkeeptheplantsintheshade.12.Manyanimalsliveintrees.,_S,_V,_S,_V,_C,_S,_V,_O,_S,_V,_IO,_DO,_S,_V,_O,_A,_S,_V,_A,.,36,1.Thespringiscoming.2.Inspring,theweatherbecomeswarmer.3.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.4.Showmeyourbooks.5.Keepthemwarmatnight.,S+V,S+V+C,S+V+O,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+O+C,6.Sheintroducedherfriendstous.7.Thetape-recorderisonthedesk.8.Theguestshavejustarrived.9.Shelaidthebabyonthebed.,.,37,汉译英：1)鸟会在天空飞翔。2)他喜欢踢足球。3)我们非常激动。4)他昨天给了我一本书。5)她告诉我下课后不要出去。,Helikesplayingfootball.,Birdscanflyinthesky.,Weareveryexcited.,Hegavemeabookyesterday.,Shetoldmenottogooutafterclass.,S+V,S+V+O,S+V+C,S+V+IO+DO,S+V+O+C,.,38,Freemanandslave,patricianandplebeian,lordandserf,guildmasterandjourneyman,inaword,oppressorandoppressed,stoodinconstantoppositiontooneanother,carriedonanuninterrupted,nowhidden,nowopenfight,afightthateachtimeended,eitherinarevolutionaryre-constitutionofsocietyatlarge,orinthecommonruinofthecontendingclasses.,本句基本句型结构为SVC和SVO：Freemanandslavestoodinconstantopposition，（and）carriedonanuninterruptedfight。,.,39,PerhapsthegreatestdifficultythatconfrontsanybodytryingtoconveytheremotebeautyofsomuchofthecoastofWaleswestofLanddudnoandSwanseaisthatanysummary,letaloneadetaileddescription,willappearexaggerate