（新课标）2021高考英语一轮总复习 考点集训（三十）Unit 1 Building the future 牛津译林版

考点集训(三十)unit1buildingthefutureunit2peopleonthemove对应学生用书p329一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。1itishard_(distinguish) onetwinfromtheother.2_(creative) andoriginalityaremoreimportantthantechnicalskill.3hehasbeenpromoted_topofgettingapayraise.4_(hopeful), youwonthaveanyproblemsafterreadingthis.5isthereanydoubt_humanactivitiesareharmingourenvironment?6hearingthedogbarkingfiercely，awayfledthetwo_(thief)7ijustheardthebankwheredoraworks_(rob) byagunmanwearingamask.8likemany_(retire) people, mygrandparentshavemadeitanannualroutinetotakeatriptoplacesofinterestinspring.9livingina_(rent) apartment, thecoupleareraisingmoneytobuyahouseoftheirown.10thearrangementoflightindustryintheprovinceneeds_(adjust) tomeetsocietysdevelopment.答案与解析1todistinguish。考查动词短语。句意：很难把双胞胎中的一个和另一个区别开来。itishardtodosth.“很难做某事”。2creativity。creativity创造力。3on。ontopof除之外。4hopefully。hopefully有希望地，可以指望地。5that。考查连接词。句意：人类活动正在危害我们的环境，这一点毫无疑问吗？doubt后面接同位语从句时，否定句和疑问句中用that引导。6thieves。句意：听到狗狂吠，两个小偷逃跑了。7wasrobbed。句意：我听说dora工作的那家银行被一个蒙面枪手抢劫了。rob与bank之间是被动关系，又由heard可知此处用一般过去时的被动语态。8retired。句意：和许多退休的人一样，我的祖父母每年春天都要去旅游(参观名胜古迹)。retired退休的。9rented。rented租用的，租来的。10adjustment/toadjust。考查名词或不定式。句意：这个省的轻工业安排需要调整来适应社会发展需要。二、阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d四个选项中，选出最佳选项。a“live uptown but work downtown”hasbeenapopularlifestylechoiceformanyyoungbeijingers.however, arecentsurveyshowsthatsomeofthemhavemovedorareplanningtomovebacktothecitysdowntownarea.whataretheirreasons?mr.tianhasrecentlybeenbusydecoratinghisnewlyboughtsecondhandapartmentindowntownbeijingsdongzhimenarea.threeyearsago, heboughtaflatinsuburbantongzhou.tiantalksabouthisreasonsformovingbackintothecity.“my workplace is near the china international exhibition center. it took me over two hours commuting from tongzhou to my workplace, and i found the daily commuting wasted too much of my time and energy.”butifhelivesdowntown, itwillsavehimmuchoftheenergyandmoneythatwasspentondailytravel, sothathecanspendmoretimewithhisfriends.thatiswhytwoofhisfriendswhoboughthomesinthecitysoutskirts(郊区) areconsideringmoving, too.actually, mr.tianandhisfriendsarenotexceptional.arecentsurveyshowsthat40percentofbeijingerswhoownahomeinthesuburbsareplanningtomovebackintothecity.xuyi, aconsultantfromarealestate, analyzestheirmentality.“some people buy homes back in the city for their childrens education. as most good schools are located downtown, itll be easier for parents to drop off and pick up their kids if they live nearby. others move back so that their aging parents will have easier access to good hospitals.”nowastheirincomeisincreasing, theyarecapableofbuyingahomeinthedowntownarea.andsecondhandhousingisusuallywhatmostofthesebuyersarelookingfor.comparedtobrandnewrealestateproperties, secondhandhousinggenerallyoccupiesbetterlocationsandlowprice.accordingtothelatestindustryreport, 30percentofsecondhandhouseslocatedclosetobeijingssecondandthirdringroadsarebeingpurchasedbysuburbanhomeowners.()11.whichofthefollowingisnotthereasonwhysomanypeoplenowwanttobuyflatsindowntown?aitcansavemuchoftheenergyandmoneyspentondailytravel.btheywanttheiragingparentswelltakencareof.ctheirincreasingincomemakesitpossibleforthemtobuyahomeindowntown.dtheywanttomakeafortuneandkeepupwithbeijingerslifestyle.()12.theadvantagesofsecondhandhousingincludeallthefollowingexcept_abetterlocationsbpeacefulandquietenvironmentcconveniencedlowprice()13.itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_alivingdowntownandworkingdowntownhasbeenatrendinbeijingbbrandnewapartmentswillgainmoremarketthansecondhandhousesinfuturecnosuburbanhomeownerscanaffordtobuybeijingsdowntownapartmentsdmostofsecondhandhousesarebeingpurchasedbysuburbanhomeowners语篇导读本文是议论文。讲述了原来在北京郊区的人们正搬往市区的趋势，并分析造成该趋势的原因。答案与解析11d。细节理解题。由第三段的“but if he lives downtown, it will save him much of the energy and money that was spent on daily travel, so that he can spend more time with his friends.”，第四段的“othersmovebacksothattheiragingparentswillhaveeasieraccesstogoodhospitals.”以及第五段的“now as their income is increasing, they are capable of buying a home in the downtown area.”可知，a、b、c均是在市区买房子的原因，d项没涉及。故选d。12b。细节理解题。由第四段和最后一段的“secondhandhousinggenerallyoccupiesbetterlocationsandlowprice”可知，二手房位置好，方便并且价格低，b项未涉及。故选b。13a。推理判断题。根据第一段的“however, a recent survey shows that some of them have moved or are planning to move back to the citys downtown area.”并结合下文内容可推断，工作与住房都在市区将成为一种趋势。故选a。byourhousewilltakecareofyouinoldagehaveyoueverthoughtwhatyourlifewouldbelikeinoldage?everyonetalksaboutthe“ageing”societywithlargenumbersofelderlypeopleneedinghomecare.nowgermanresearchershavesetupa“smart”house, programmedtohelptheelderlyliveathomewithdignity.scientistsatgermanysfraunhofersocietysaythehousecombinesexistingtechnologywithfutureorientedtechnology.forexample, the“smart”bathroomhasatouchscreenmirrorthatcanremindpeopletotaketheirmedicine, washtheirhandsorbrushtheirteeth.thehardwarebehindfraunhofeselectronicbathroomisnotnew, andthesoftwarerunsonaregularpersonalcomputer.whenthemedicinecabinetisopened, adisplayinthemiddleofthemirrortellsthepersonhowmanypillstotake.themirrorislinkedtoacareprovider, whocanremotelycheckwhetherapatientathomeisactuallytakingmedicineandbrushinghisorherteeth.asmanyelderlypeoplehavearthritic(关节炎的) conditionsthatmakeitdifficulttooperatewatertaps, themirroralsohasdisplaysthatturnthewatertaponorofforcontrolthewatertemperature.thebathroomisonlythestart.kitchens, bedroomsandallotherpartsofthe“intelligent”homewillbecome“userfriendly”tomeetallkindsofindividualneeds.sensorsindoors, toilets, taps, lightswitchesandcarpetsdetecteveryactivityandrecordthemelectronically.doctorsorcarestaffcanseefromthecomputerrecordswhatpersonalhygiene(卫生) taskshavebeencompleted, howoftentheelderlypersonvisitsthebathroomorusesthetoilet.incaseofanemergency, thecomputerautomaticallyalertsthechosencontactpersonorcallsthecarecentre.()14.theunderlinedword“them”inthelastparagraphrefersto“_”asensorsbindividualneedscdoors, toilets, taps, lightswitchesandcarpetsdeveryactivity()15.thehousementionedinthepassagecanbedescribedas_.aintelligentandconvenientbsmartbutexpensivecadvancedandenvironmentallyfriendlydfashionableandenergysaving()16.howisthepassagemainlydeveloped?abyinferring.bbycomparing.cbylistingexamples.dbyintroducingapracticalmethod.()17.whatisthepurposeofthepassage?atocallonpeopletocarefortheold.btoencouragetheoldtolivewithdignity.ctostresstheimportanceofdevelopingtechnology.dtointroduceanewintelligenthouse.语篇导读这是一篇说明文。人口老龄化是当今世界各国普遍面临的重大社会问题，为了解决老龄化社会所带来的难题，德国弗劳恩霍夫协会推出了一种“智能”房屋。答案与解析14d。词义猜测题。由最后一段“sensors in doors, toilets, taps, light switches and carpets detect every activity and record them electronically.”可知。门、厕所、水龙头、电灯开关和地毯上的传感器检测每一项活动并以电子方式记录下来。所以通过上下文的语境可以判断出，最后一段中的下划线单词“them”指的是everyactivity“每一项活动”。故d选项正确。15a。推理判断题。由第二段“nowgermanresearchershavesetupasmart house”以及最后一段中的“thebathroomisonlythestart.kitchens, bedroomsandallotherpartsoftheintelligent homewillbecomeuserfriendly tomeetallkindsofindividualneeds.”可知，德国研究人员已经建立了一个“智能”住宅。厨房、卧室和“智能”房子的所有其他部分将变得“易使用的”，以满足各种个人需求。所以通过关键词“smart, intelligent, userfriendly”可以判断出，文章中提到的房子既智能又方便。故a选项正确。16c。推理判断题。由第三段“forexample, thesmart bathroomhasatouchscreenmirrorthatcanremindpeopletotaketheirmedicine, washtheirhandsorbrushtheirteeth.”及最后一段“thebathroomisonlythestart.kitchens, bedroomsandallotherpartsoftheintelligent homewillbecomeuserfriendly tomeetallkindsofindividualneeds.”可知，例如，“智能”浴室有一个触摸屏镜子，可以提醒人们吃药、洗手或刷牙。厨房、卧室和“智能”房子的所有其他部分将变得“易使用的”，以满足各种个人需求。所以本文主要通过列举浴室里面镜子上的触摸屏的功能来说明这种房屋的特征以及其它功能。故判断出短文主要是通过列出的例子展开的。故c选项正确。17d。推理判断题。通读全文可知，人口老龄化是当今世界各国普遍面临的重大社会问题，为了解决老龄化社会所带来的难题，德国弗劳恩霍夫协会推出了一种“智能”房屋。并对这种房屋进行了具体的介绍，其写作目的是向读者介绍一种新型智能房屋的相关信息。故d选项正确。三、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。livinginahousemakesitahome.soleavingaplacewehavelivedinandgoingtoanotherplacewehaventcanbealittlestressful.18._ifyouhaveafriendwhoismovinghouse, helpmakethatchangealittleeasier；helphimorhermakehisorhernewhouse“homey”byholdingahousewarmingparty.19_isyourfriendgoingtobeupsetifhisorhernewhouseisntperfectwhentheguestsringthedoorbell？ifso, youwillcertainlyneedtoplanthepartyaheadoftime.20._ifyourfriendwantstokeepitmorecasualinviteguestsbyphone，tellingthemitisaninformalparty.ifthisisanewcommunityforthehomeowner, helphimorhergetusedtoit.21._thismaybreaktheiceandbringyourfriendmorecomfort.itisagreatopportunityforyourfriendtodeveloprelationshipswiththecommunitymembers.helpafterthegatheringends.movingishardwork.yourfriendmaybetired, andthelastthingheorshewillwanttodoiswakeuptoanafterpartymess.22._yourfriendwillthankyouforit.amakesurethehouseiscleanbeforeyouleave.bmovingtoanewcommunitywillbeachancetomakefriends.citdoestakeupsomeofthetimethatissupposedtobeusedforshopping.dwhynotinviteyourfriendsnewneighborsandthecommunitymembers?epickadate，sendoutinvitationsandlistsomeitemsthehomeownermayneed.finfact, expertssaythatmovingisoneofthetopstresseswecanexperienceinlife.gdecideifthispartywillbeacasualgroupofafewfriendsoraplannedpartywithinvitations.语篇导读本文是一篇说明文，介绍了帮助搬新家的朋友适应新环境的几点建议。答案与解析18f。根据本空前的“so leaving a place we have lived in and going to another place we havent can be a little stressful.”可知，离开一个我们住过的地方搬到一个我们没有住过的地方可能会有一点压力，故f项(专家说搬家是我们在生活中经历的最大的压力之一。)符合语境。19g。根据下文中列举的在不同情况下举办不同类型的聚会可知，先确定聚会的类型，再谈如何准备，故g项(决定这个聚会是由几个朋友组成的非正式团体还是有邀请的计划好的聚会。)符合语境。20e。根据本空前的内容可知，主人不喜欢客人来时家里不够完美，故需要提前准备，e项(选一个日子、发出邀请、列出房主可能需要的一些物品。)承接上文，说明了准备的内容。21d。本空前说如果这对房主来说是一个新社区，本空后又说这种“破冰”行为有助于你的朋友和社区成员培养关系，故d项(为什么不邀请你朋友的新邻居和社区成员来参加聚会呢？)符合语境。22a。根据本段第一句可知，聚会结束后要帮忙打扫房间，故a项(离开前你一定把房间打扫干净。)符合语境。四、阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的a、b、c和d四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。onionsmakeyoucry, addflavortofoodandwinpopularityfortheirmedicinalbenefits.nowthevegetablehasanotheruse_23_greenenergy.anewsystemdebuts(首次亮相) onfridaythat_24_onionjuiceintoelectricityatgillsonions, thelargestfreshonionprocessorintheunitedstates.theoxnard, californiabasedcompany_25_itsnewonionfueledpowertoreduceitselectricbillby$700，000ayearand_26_itsannualgreenhousegasemissionsbyupto30，000tons.the_27_endingtothisgreenenergytale, however, startedwithanotherquestion: howto_28_onionwaste.“_29_wepeel(剥皮) anonion, 35to40percentoftheonioncomesoffbeforewehavea(n)_30_onion.thatsthetop, tailandskinaroundtheonion, and_31_wecangettothemeat，”saidstevengill, coownerofthe25yearoldcompany.theyusedtopullthewastetothefieldsforcompost(混合肥料), butthatturnedouttobeatough_32_. tenyearsago, gillstartedlookingattechnologyfora(n) _33_，includingmicroturbines(微型燃气轮机).“we_34_cuttingtheskinsintopiecesandextractingallthe_35_，whichisveryhighinsugars, andbacterialovethatstuff，”gillsaid.inthenewsystem, bacteria_36_methane(甲烷) gasfromthejuice.thegasthengoestotwo300kilowattfuelcells, creating_37_powerfor460homes.ifeverythinggoessmoothly, _38_arethatthecompanywillget35to40percentofitselectricityfromtheonsitegenerator.thecompany_39_$9.5millionintheprojectandwillreceive$2.7millionfromsoutherncaliforniagasco._40_cuttingitselectricbill, thecompanywill_41_$400，000incostsandexpectspaybacksinthenewfuture.theoniongrowernowhasanew_42_：tobeazerowastefacilityinthecomingdecade.“wewanttofollowitallthewaythroughandmakethefullcircle，”gillsaid.()23.a.storingbconveyingcgeneratingdpushing()24.a.changesbtransportscmovesdthrows()25.a.urgesbexpectscassumesdpromises()26.a.controlbremoveccheckdcut()27.a.satisfyingbdisappointingcsuitabledstable()28.a.takecareofblookoutforcgetridofdgivewayto()29.a.whenbunlessconceduntil()30.a.deliciousbpracticalcaccessibledusable()31.a.eventuallybluckilycprobablydsuddenly()32.a.problembdecisioncsituationdmistake()33.a.excusebagreementcsolutiondjudgment()34.a.endupbholdoutcsetoutdtakeup()35.a.tailsbskinscgasdjuice()36.a.protectbproducecpreventdintroduce()37.a.muchbmorecenoughdtoo()38.a.challengesbchancescwaysdthings()39.a.appliedbdistributedcinvesteddattracted()40.a.intermsofbinresponsetocinexchangefordinadditionto()41.a.wastebsaveclosedwin()42.a.worrybachievementcadventuredgoal语篇导读本文为记叙文，文章介绍了美国最大的洋葱加工商gillsonions推出了一个新的发电系统，可以将洋葱汁转换为电能。答案与解析23c。考查动词辨析。a.storing储存；b.conveying表达；c.generating产生、引起；d.pushing推。句意：现在这种蔬菜有了另一种用途产生绿色能源。故选c。24a。考查动词搭配。o.“把变成”。句意：该系统将洋葱汁转化成电能。故选a。25b。考查动词辨析。a.urges催促；b.expects期待、预期；c.assumes假定、假设；d.promises保证。句意：这种用洋葱发电的新系统预计每年将为该公司节省70万美元的电费。结合语境可知，expect“预期，预计”符合语境。故选b。26d。考查动词辨析。a.control控制；b.remove移除；c.check检查；d.cut消减、缩减。句意：(这种用洋葱发电的新系统)还可为公司减少多达3万吨的温室气体排放量。结合语境可知，cut符合语境。故选d。27a。考查形容词辨析。a.satisfying令人满意的；b.disappointing令人失望的；c.suitable适当的、合适的；d.stable稳定的、牢固的。根据上文叙述可知，这个绿色能源的故事结局让人满意。故选a。28c。考查动词词组辨析。a.takecareof照顾；b.lookoutfor留心、设法得到；c.getridof摆脱；d.givewayto屈服、让步。根据下文中的“theyusedtopullthewastetothefieldsforcompost(混合肥料)”可知，此处表示如何处理洋葱废料，故选c。29a。考查连词辨析。a.when当时；b.unless除非；c.once一旦；d.until直到。句意：当我们剥洋葱时，我们会剥掉洋葱的35%到40%，然后才能得到可以使用的洋葱。结合语境可知，when符合语境。故选a。30d。考查形容词辨析。a.delicious美味的；b.practical实用的；c.accessible可接近的；d.usable可用的。句意：当我们剥洋葱时，我们会剥掉洋葱的35%到40%，然后才能得到可以使用的洋葱。故选d。31a。考查副词辨析。a.eventually最后、最终；b.luckily幸运地；c.probably很有可能地；d.suddenly突然地。句意：最终我们才能得到洋葱的果肉。故选a。32a。考查名词辨析。a.problem问题；b.decision决定；c.situation情景；d.mistake错误。根据空前的“but that turned out”可知，此处表示转折，即把废料倒到地里作为肥料是个棘手的问题，故选a。33c。考查名词辨析。a.excuse借口；b.agreement安排；c.solution解决方案；d.judgment判断。句意：10年前，gill就开始研究技术来解决这一问题，这当中就包括微型燃气轮机。结合语境可知，solution符合语境，故选c。34a。考查动词短语辨析。a.endup结束、告终；b.holdout维持、坚持；c.setout出发、动身；d.takeup开始从事、占据。句意：我们最终将洋葱皮粉碎，然后在其中提取汁液。结合语境可知，endup符合语境，故选a。35d。考查名词辨析。句意：我们最终将洋葱皮粉碎，然后在其中提取汁液。结合语境可知，d项符合语境，且下文中的“methane(甲烷) gasfromthejuice”也是信息提示。故选d。36b。考查动词辨析。a.protect保护；b.produce生产、产生；c.prevent阻止；d.introduce介绍。此处表示细菌在洋葱汁中会产生甲烷。故选b。37c。考查形容词辨析。此处表示“为460个家庭提供足够的电”。结合选项可知，只有c项符合语境。enough“足够的”。故选c。38b。考查固定句型。chancesarethat.为固定句型，意为“有可能”。句意：如果可能的话，该公司可能会从现场发电机中获得35%至40%的电力。故选b。39c。考查动词辨析。a.applied使用；b.distributed分发、分配；c.invested投资；d.attracted吸引。句意：这家公司在这一项目上投资了950万美元。结合语境可知，c项符合语境。故选c。40d。考查词组辨析。a.intermsof就而言；b.inresponseto响应，回答；c.inexchangefor作为的交换；d.inadditionto除以外。此处表示“除了减少电费以外”，故选d。41b。考查动词辨析。公司在成本上节省了40万美元。只有b项符合语境。42d。考查名词辨析。a.worry担心；b.achievement成就；c.adventure冒险；d.goal目标。根据空后的“tobeazerowastefacilityinthecomingdecade”可知，洋葱种植户有了新的目标。故选d。五、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。teaisenjoyedallovertheworldasacomfortingtreat.first, choosethetypeofteayouwanttodrink.therearevarioustypesofteathatofferdifferenthealthbenefitsand43._(flavor).next, boilapotofwaterandpouritoveryourtea.allowyourteatosoak(泡) thoroughly.addmilkandsugartoincreasetheflavorofyourteaoraddhoney44._yourlightlyflavoredteaifdesired.greenteaisknownfor45._(it) highlevelofacancerfightingchemical.however, greenteaishighincaffeineandcanmakeyoufeel46._(anxiety) andnervousifyoudrinktoomuch.itissaidthatoolongteamaypromotehealthyskinandblackteacan47._(great) reducetheriskofbreastcancerinyoungerwomen.whiteteaishelpfulin48._(prevent) holesinteethandstrengtheningyourteeth.therearemanyclaimsaboutherbaltea(花草茶) 49._doesgoodtohealth，butthereislimitedresearchorsupportingdataontheseclaims.mostteacan50._(buy) andtransportedintinsoflooseteaorinsmallpackagesofteabags.somepeoplebelievethatloosetealeaveshavea51._(fresh) flavorthanteabags52._otherspreferteabagsbecausetheyremuchmoreconvenienttocarryaround.语篇导读本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了不同种类的茶的用途及茶的买卖和运输方式。答案与解析43flavors。考查名词复数。句意：有各种各样的茶，提供不同的健康益处和口味。flavor作“(食物或饮料的)味道”讲时，为可数名词。又因空前有different修饰，故此处应用名词复数。故填flavors。44to。考查介词。句意：加入牛奶和糖来增加茶的味道，如果你想的话，也可以在你的淡味茶里加蜂蜜。结合句意可知，add.to.意为“把添加到”，故填to。45its。考查形容词性物主代词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰名词短语highlevel，故填its。46anxious。考查形容词。根据空前的feel和空后的nervous可知，此处应用形容词，故填anxious。47greatly。考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词reduce，故应填greatly。48preventing。考查非谓语动词。根据空前的in是介词，后要跟动词ing形式，故填preventing。49which/that。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，指代先行词herbaltea，并在从句中做主语，故填which/that。50bebought。考查被动语态。句意：大多数茶叶可以买到并装在散装茶叶罐头或小包装的茶袋里运输。分析句子结构可知，can是情态动词，后跟动词原形；再结合句意可知tea和buy之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。故填bebrought。51fresher。考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填fresher。52while。考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示两种情况的对比，while，意为“然而”，故填while。六、概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。inrecentyears, ourparentingculturebegantosendthemessagethatcompetencewasimportantforbuildingselfesteem.however, thatsameparentingculturemadeabigmistakebytellingparentsthatthewaytoinstillcompetenceintheirchildrenwastotellthemhowcompetenttheywere.butherestheproblem.childrencantbeconvincedthattheyarecompetent.whenparentstrytoconvincetheirchildrenofhowcompetenttheyare, theyoftenhavetheex