新视野B4U1ppt课件

.,Loveandlogic:Thestoryofafallacy,Unit1SectionA,.,Objectives,.,SectionALoveandlogic:Thestoryofafallacy,Warming-upActivities,TextStudy,LanguageAppreciation,Summary,.,Warming-upActivities,TrueorFalse,Thefollowingaresomestatementstotestyourreasoningability.Tellwhethertheconclusionsaftertheword“Therefore”aretrue(T),false(F),oruncertain(U).Writeyouransweronthelinebeforeeachstatement.,.,1.Alloddnumbersareintegers(整数).Allevennumbersareintegers.Therefore,alloddnumbersareevennumbers.2.Therearenodancersthatarentslimandnosingersthatarentdancers.Therefore,allsingersareslim.3.Atoothpick(牙签)isuseful.Usefulthingsarevaluable.Therefore,atoothpickisvaluable.4.Threepencilscostthesameastwoerasers.Foureraserscostthesameasoneruler.Therefore,pencilsaremoreexpensivethanrulers.5.ClassAhasahigherenrollmentthanClassB.ClassChasalowerenrollmentthanClassB.Therefore,ClassAhasalowerenrollmentthanClassC.,F,T,T,F,F,Warming-upActivities,.,6.Afruitbasketcontainsmoreapplesthanlemons.Therearemorelemonsinthebasketthanoranges.Therefore,thebasketcontainsmoreapplesthanoranges.7.Takingthetrainacrosstownisquickerthantakingthebus.Takingthebusacrosstownisslowerthandrivingacar.Therefore,takingthetrainacrosstownisquickerthandrivingacar.8.AllthetulipsinZoesgardenarewhite.AlltherosesinZoesgardenareyellow.Therefore,alltheflowersinZoesgardenareeitherwhiteoryellow.,T,U,U,Warming-upActivities,.,Lead-in,1.Whyisitimportanttodeveloplogicalreasoningskills?,Reasoningskillsdealwiththeprocessofgettingfromaproblemtoasolutionoraconclusion.Byimprovingyourreasoningskills,youcanimproveyoursuccessindoingthings.Specifically,strongreasoningskillscanhelpyouto:improvethequalityandvalidityofyourownarguments;improveyourabilitytoassessthequalityandvalidityofothersarguments;makemorelogicaldecisions;solveproblemsmoreefficientlyandeffectively.,.,Lead-in,2.Doyouthinkitispossibletodealwithlifeinacompletelyrationalandlogicalway?,Whenitcomestomakingachoice,manypeopletendtouserationalandlogicalreasoning;Malesaremorerationalthanfemales;Rationalworldisnotnecessarilyawonderfulone;Rationalindividualscanmakechoicesthatarebadnewsforothers;Itisridiculoustodealwithloveinalogicalway.,.,SectionALoveandlogic:Thestoryofafallacy,TextStudy,GlobalUnderstanding,DetailedUnderstanding,.,Readthewholepassageandanswerthefollowingquestions.,TextStudy,Globalunderstanding,Task1,Globalunderstandingofthestructure,1)Whattypeofpassageisit?,Narration.,2)Whatpartsareincludedinthistypeofpassage?Pleasefindoutthesepartsinthispassage.,Apieceofnarrationshouldincludefivebasicelementsofplotstructure:exposition,risingaction,turningpoint,fallingactionandresolution.,TextStudy,Globalunderstanding,Task1,.,.,1.WhatdidthenarratordowithhisroommateRob?(Para.1),Readthetextagainandanswerthefollowingquestions.,Detailedunderstandingofthetext,TextStudy,Detailedunderstanding,Task1,.,2.WhydoesthenarratorwanttohavePollyashisgirlfriend?(Paras.2-3),TextStudy,Detailedunderstanding,.,3.WhenthenarratorandPollyhavetheirfirstdate,thenarratorsaysthatwhathehasgotinmindisalittleeccentric.Why?(Paras.4-5),TextStudy,Detailedunderstanding,.,4.WhydoesthenarratordecidetoteachPollylogic?(Para.7),TextStudy,Detailedunderstanding,.,5.WhatisDictoSimpliciter?Giveanexample.(Paras.9-11),TextStudy,Detailedunderstanding,.,6.WhatisHastyGeneralization?Giveanexample.(Paras.12-15),TextStudy,Detailedunderstanding,.,7.WhatisAdMisericordiam?Giveanexample.(Paras.16-21),TextStudy,Detailedunderstanding,.,8.WhatisFalseAnalogy?Giveanexample.(Paras.22-25),TextStudy,Detailedunderstanding,.,9.IsthenarratorsuccessfulinteachingPollylogic?Howdoyouknow?(26-37),TextStudy,Detailedunderstanding,.,10.Whathappenedatlast?(Paras.38-43),TextStudy,Detailedunderstanding,.,Theauthorsetsthesceneofthestorybyprovidinginformationaboutthefour“wh-”words:who,where,what,andwhy.“Who”referstothenarrator,hisroommateRob,andthebeautifulgirlPolly.“Where”refersto.“What”and“why”refertowhattodoandwhytodoit:ThenarratordecidestomakePolly“”becauseasapromisinglybrilliantlawyer,hewantstohaveagirlfriendwhoisnotonlybeautifulbutalsointelligent.,PartIParas.1_,3,acollegecampus,well-spoken,.,ThenarratortriestohelpPollybecomesmarterbygivingherlessonsinlogic.AltogetherhespendsfivenightsteachingPollyfourlogical,namely,DictoSimpliciter,AdMisericordiam,.,PartIIParas.4-25,fallacies,HastyGeneralization,FalseAnalogy,.,Whenaskedtobethenarratorsgirlfriend,PollyrefuteshisargumentswiththeexacttaughtbyhimandrefusesbymakingthatsheisdatingthenarratorsimplybecauseitisatricksheandRobhavedecidedtoplayonhiminordertogethis.,PartIIIParas.26-43,logicalfallacies,fulldisclosure,leatherjacket,.,LanguageAppreciation,Translation:这四位好友约好每年拍一张合影。,reachanagreement约好；达成协议,Thefourfriendsmadeapacttotakeapicturetogethereachyear.,1.makeapact(Para.1),.,LanguageAppreciation,Translation:他将给我们3,000美元以获得我们的帮助。,givingonethingandreceivinganother(esp.ofthesametypeorvalue)inreturn作为（对的）交换（或替代）,Inexchangeforourhelp,hellgiveus$3,000.,2.inexchangefor(Para.1),.,LanguageAppreciation,Translation:他的谈判技巧使他赢得了精明商人的名声。,1)abletojudgepeopleandsituationsverywellandmakegooddecisions（人）精明的，机敏的,2)welljudgedandlikelytoberight（决定和判断）准确的，英明的,3.shrewd:a.(Para.1),Hisskillinnegotiatingearnedhimareputationasashrewdbusinessman.,Translation:他继承了一大笔钱，然后又通过正确的投资使之得到升值。,Heinheritedaconsiderablefortuneandthenincreaseditbyshrewdinvestments.,.,LanguageAppreciation,Translation:汤姆刚又买了辆新车，他一定很有钱。,(infml.)rich,orhavingenoughmoneytolivewell富裕的；有钱的,Tomhasjustboughtanothernewcar;hemustbeverywell-off.,4.well-off:a.(Para.2),.,LanguageAppreciation,Translation:和大多数其他精英大学一样，斯坦福大学的学生群体也越来越多元化。,a.oforrelatingtothebestormostskillfulpeopleinagroup精英的；精锐的,n.Cagroupofpeoplewhohavealotofpowerandinfluencebecausetheyhavemoney,knowledge,orspecialskills(社会)精英；上层人士,5.elite(Para.2),Stanford,likemostothereliteuniversities,hasanincreasinglydiversestudentbody.,Translation:就读斯坦福大学后，他觉得自己是精英分子中的一员了。,AfterheattendedStanfordUniversity,heconsideredhimselftobeoneofelite.,.,LanguageAppreciation,Translation:新娘看上去满面春风。,1)fullofhappinessandlove,inawaythatshowsinyourfaceandmakesyoulookattractive容光焕发的；喜悦的,2)verybright灿烂的；明亮的,6.radiant:a.(Para.2),Thebridelookedradiant.,Translation:湛蓝的天空阳光灿烂。,Thesunwasradiantinaclearbluesky.,.,LanguageAppreciation,Translation:巴黎是法国首都，也是法国最大的城市，坐落于塞纳河畔。,(be)inaparticularplace;located位于；坐落于,ParisisthecapitalandthelargestcityofFrance,situatedontheRiverSeine.,7.situated:a.(Para.4),.,LanguageAppreciation,Translation:夜光中大楼颜色十分明亮，好像在闪烁发光。,1)verybright很明亮的；灿烂的,2)shininginthedark发光的；夜明的,8.luminous:a.(Para.4),Intheeveninglightthecolorofthebuildingwassoluminousthatitseemedtoshimmer.,Translation:我闹钟上的指针是发光的，在黑暗中我也能看时间。,Thehandsonmyalarmclockareluminous,soIcanseewhattimeitisinthedark.,.,LanguageAppreciation,Translation:这些数据太模糊、太简单，所以可能会歪曲国家的总体经济状况。,1)changesth.suchasinformationsothatitisnolongertrueoraccurate歪曲;曲解,2)changethewaysth.looks,sounds,orbehavessothatitbecomesstrangeordifficulttorecognize.使变形；使失真；使反常,9.distort:vt.(Para.7),Thestatisticsarevagueandoversimplified,andthusmaydistortthestatesoveralleconomicpicture.,Translation:他的声音从喇叭里传出来好像失真了。,Theloudspeakerseemedtodistorthisvoice.,.,LanguageAppreciation,Translation:调查者感到困惑，他们不知道这是一起意外事故，还是自杀，或者谋杀。,(usu.passive)beunabletofindananswerorthinkofareplytoaquestionorpeoblem使困惑；难倒,Investigatorsarestumped.Theydontknowwhetherthiswasanaccident,asuicide,oramurder.,10.stump:v.(Para.11),.,LanguageAppreciation,Translation:他们将选定举行婚礼的日子。,chooseaparticulardayforsth.为定日期,Theywillsetadateforthewedding.,11.setadatefor(Para.15),.,LanguageAppreciation,Translation:我们试图唤起他们的同情，但没有用。他们仍然没给我们任何帮助。,1)trytogetsb.todooracceptsth.Bymakingthemthinkitisasensibleorfairthingtodo诉诸；唤起,2)haveacharacterthatmakesaparticularpersoninterested;attract吸引；感染,12.appealto:(Para.20),Wevetriedtoappealtotheircompassion,butitisjustnotworking.Theystilldidntgiveusanyhelp.,Translation:虽然没有退休金，但这份工作仍然吸引了她，因为有医疗福利。,Thoughtherewasnopension,thejobappealedtoherbecauseitprovidedhealthbenefits.,.,LanguageAppreciation,Translation:把汽车和飞机进行类比是很难的。,makeacomparisonbetween(sth.andsth.else)在之间作类比,Itsdifficulttomakeananalogybetweencarsandairplanes.,13.make/drawananalogybetween(Para.24),.,LanguageAppreciation,Translation:不要企图把一个和警察激烈作对的人塑造成英雄。,changeapersonorthingintosth.else使变成,Donttrytomakeaherooutofamanwhoviolentlyconfrontedthepolice.,14.makesth.outofsb./sth.(Para.26),.,LanguageAppreciation,Translation:用新方法处理税收及福利问题的时候已经到来。,Itistimeforsth.该是的时候了,Thetimehascomeforanewwayofdealingwiththetaxandbenefitissues.,15.Thetimehascomeforsth.(Para.26),.,LanguageAppreciation,Translation:太阳能就是把太阳的能量转化为热与电。,theprocessofchangingsth.fromoneform,purpose,orsystemtoanother转变；改造；转换,Solarpoweristheconversionofthesunsenergyintoheatandelectricity.,16.conversion:n.C,U(Para.26),.,LanguageAppreciation,Translation:他希望有一天能刷新世界纪录。,beevenbetterorgreaterthansb.orsth.else超过；胜过,Hehopesonedaytosurpasstheworldrecord.,17.surpass:vt.(Para.31),.,LanguageAppreciation,Translation:经理和他的团队讨论了策略问题。,aparticularmethodorplanforachievingsth.方法；策略；手法,Themanagerdiscussedtacticswithhisteam.,18.tactic:n.C.usu.pl.(Para.33),.,LanguageAppreciation,Translation:他觉察到他们的欢迎有点冷淡。,1)(fml.)noticesth.,esp.afterthinkingaboutitcarefullyorstudyingit（尤指仔细思考或研究之后）看出，觉察出，辨明2)seeorhearsth.,esp.sth.thatisfarawayornotveryclear看到；听到；辨认出,Hediscernedacertaincoldnessintheirwelcome.,19.discern:vt.(Para.36),.,LanguageAppreciation,Translation:他所有的希望开始化为泡影。,vi.stopexisti