GrammarThe usage of “it”

Grammar,Theusageof“it”,Itisnevertoooldtolearn.活到老,学到老。Itisnousecryingoverspilt(溢出的)milk.覆水难收。Ittakesthreegenerations(代)tomakeagentleman.十年树木,百年树人。,Proverbs(谚语)with“It”,Theuseof“it”,一、作代词的用法（包括人称代词和非人称代词）,二、作形式主语或作形式宾语,四、用在强调句中（后两种结构考查的次数最多）,三、用在固定搭配中,Xianisabeautifulcity,isntit?Theywatchedthetrainuntilitdisappearedinthedistance.Isthisyourdog？No,itisnt.Whosewatchisthat?Itsmine.Whoisknockingatthedoor?Itsme.,一、.it作人称代词,IthoughtitwasMary,butitwasnotshe.Herfacelightedwhenshesawwhoitwas.非人称代词-Soyouaregoingtobemarriedthistime?Whenisit？Itdoesntmatter.Itisashame,isntit?Howisitgoing?(情况怎样）Itsyourturntobeonduty.Itishalfpasteightnow.,Itsonlyhalfanhourswalkfromheretoourschool.Ihopethatitwillbefinetomorrow.Ithasrainedmuchthisyear.Itsspringnow.Itsquiethere.-Whatsthecostofthedictionary?-Itissixty-three.,it,one和that的用法区别是高考考查热点。,Ihavelostmyumbrella;Imlookingforit.Ihavelostmyumbrella;IthinkImustbuyone.TheumbrellayouboughtischeaperthanthatIbought.Achairmadeofsteelisstrongerthanonemadeofwood.（该句中one可以换成achair）Thewaterinthecupishotterthanthatinthepot.（该句中that可以换成thewater）,Ilikethispenmorethanthatone.（one代替可数名词单数pen）Therewereafewyoungpeopleandsomeolderonesinthehouse.（ones代替可数名词复数people）MaryshandwritingisfarbetterthanthatofPeter.（that代替不可数名词handwriting）Thesepicturesaremorebeautifulthanthose.（those代替可数名词复数pictures）,TheoneThatonthetableismine.Heistheteacher,theonewhoislovedbythestudents.Headvisedthefarmerstochoosethebestseed-heads,theonesthosethathadthebestcolor.Hehassavedmylife;Illneverforgetit/that.Tomispaintinghishouse.Iamtoldhedoesit/thateveryfouryears.,1.MrZhanggavethetextbookstoallthepupilsexcept_whohadalreadytakenthem.2.Ihaventapen.Canyoulendme_?3.Ofallmyoldfriends,theonly_IsawmuchwasBetty.4Carsdocauseussomehealthproblems-infactfarmoreseriousthan_mobilephonesdo.5.Tomsmotherkepttellinghimthatheshouldworkharder,but_didnthelp.,theones,one,one,those,it,8.Meetingmyuncleafteralltheseyearswasanunforgettablemoment,_Iwillalwaystreasure.9.Wevebeenlookingatthehousesbuthaventfound_welikeyet.10.Immovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismuchfresherthan_inthecity.11.Weneedanewcupboardforthekitchen.SoPetermade_fromsomewoodwehad.,one,one,that,one,替代作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词,而把真正作主语的从句、动词不定式、动名词置于句尾。,二、it用作形式主语,1.代替动词不定式做主语,1)Itbeadj.(forsb.)todosth.此处adj.通常为描述事件的形容词:easy,difficult,necessary,important,possible,dangerous,right,wrong,legal,useful,2)Itbeadj.ofsb.todosth.此处adj.通常为描述人的形容词:kind,nice,rude,cruel,considerate,thoughtful,careful,careless,foolish,stupid,clever,wise,crazy,polite,Itisillegaltodriveacarwithoutalicense.Youdontknowhoweasyitistobecomeaddictedtodrugs.Isitconvenientforyoutocometomorrowevening?Itskindofyoutohelpmewiththeproblem.Itisofgreathelptomasteraforeignlanguage.Itismyduty/jobtoteachyou.(还有一些可以用名词的情况),Its(well)worthoneswhiledoing/todoItisworthmywhiletoexplorethecity.Its(well)worthwhiledoing/todoItisworthwhiletoexplorethecity.Itsnogood/use/pleasuredoingItisnousestudyingonlyatschool.,2.代替动名词做主语,3.代替主语从句作形式主语,Itisclear(obvious,true,possible,certain)that.（注意没有itissurethat）该句型中it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的主语从句,常译为“清楚(显然,真的)”,是主语从句最常见的一种结构。e.g.Itisveryclearthathestall.,Itisadj.+clause,Itissaid(reported/believed/proved.)that.该句型中的it仍是形式主语,真正主语是that引导的主语从句;该结构常译为“据说(据报道,据悉)”。ItissaidthathehascometoBeijing.HeissaidtohavecometoBeijing.Itissuggested(requested/advised/.)that.(should)+doItisadvisedthatheshouldcomerightnow.,Itisv-edthat,下列句子与前面的句子有些不同：itturnedoutthat最后结果是ItturnedoutthatIwaswrong.Itseemsthathedoesntknowanythingaboutit.Itoccurredtomethatshemighthaveforgottenthedate.Ithasnothingtodowithmewhetheryousucceedornot.Ittookmethreehourstogethomelastnight.,Itis+noun+从句,Itisapity(ashame/anhonor/agoodthing/afact/asurprise/.)that.该句型中,如果名词为apity/ashamethat后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should+动词原形)should可省去。表示出乎意料,常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时,则不用虚拟语气。如：,Itisapitythatsuchathing(should)happeninyourclass.这种事竟然发生在你们班上,真是遗憾！Itisapitythatyoucantcome.你不能来，真是遗憾！,五、it作形式宾语,当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词宾语从句时,往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面，而用it作形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前。该句型中的it作形式宾语,常用的动词有think,believe,make,find,consider,feel等。,Ithinkitnousearguingwithhim.参考：Itisnousearguingwithhim.IfounditveryinterestingtostudyEnglish.参考：ItwasveryinterestingtostudyEnglishHemadeitclearthathewasnotintothecar.参考：Itwasclearthathewasnotintothecar.Manynewreserveshavebeenbuilt,_(这使这些猴子可能)tosurvive.,whichmakesitpossibleforthemonkeys,Wefeel_(我们的职责)tomakeourcountryabetterplace.参考itisourdutytomake常用的一个结构makeitarulethatHemakesitarulethathegoesforajogeverymorning.使成为规矩/定下规矩,itourduty,it作形式宾语的特殊句型,动词+it+when动词有喜欢类：enjoy,like,prefer讨厌类：hate,dislikeIlikeitwhenmymotherishappy.Ihateitwhenmyfatherpullsalongface.,Iwouldappreciateitif如果我将不胜感激rely/dependonitthat相信(事情)；指望takeitforgrantedthat认为是当然的注意：keep/bearinmindthat记住此短语中不用it代替that引导的宾语从句,Iwouldappreciateitifyoucouldturnthemusicdown.Hetookitforgrantedthathewouldpasstheexam.Dontdepend/relyonitthathewillarriveontime.Youshouldbearinmindthattheseexamsaffectyourfinalresults.,六、用于强调句型中,It+is/was+被强调部分+that/who(aperson)从句,ImetTomintheparkyesterday.,1)ItwasIwhometTomintheparkyesterday.,2)ItwasTomwhoImetintheparkyesterday.,3)ItwasintheparkthatImetTomyesterday.,4)ItwasyesterdaythatImetTominthepark.,强调句的一般疑问句形式：Is/Wasit+被强调成分+that/who+句子的其他成分Wasitonalonelyislandthathewassavedonemonthaftertheboatwentdown?强调句的特殊疑问句形式：疑问词+is/wasitthat/who+句子的其他成分Whatisitthatmakesyousoexcited?WherewasitthatyougottoknowLinda?,Itisnotuntil+被强调部分+that.该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语,译成汉语“直到才”,可以说是not.until.的强调形式。如:ItwasnotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesthatIrealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.=NotuntilshetookoffherdarkglassesdidIrealizeshewasafamousfilmstar.=Ididntrealizeshewasafamousfilmstaruntilshetookoffherdarkglasses.,几个需要注意的句式,itis/was+时间+when从句在这一句型中，it指时间，when引导的是定语从句ItwasmidnightwhenIgothereyesterday.比较:ItwasatmidnightthatIgotbackhomeyesterday.(强调句式),Itwasfiveoclock_Igothome.,when,itis+时间+since从句自从以来已有（时间）ItisalongtimesinceImetyoulast.ItstwentyyearssinceIveseenher.Itis/hasbeentwoyearssinceIbegantolearnEnglish.比较:ItwastwoyearsagothatlbegantolearnEnglish.(强调句式),itwasnotlongbefore(take可以代替be)这个句型可以有以下几个句式：itwasntlongbefore不久以后会itwontbelongbefore不久就会itwas(not)twoyears/daysbefore两年/天后(不到两年/天)就itwill(not)betwoyears/daysbefore两年/天后才会(用不了两年/天就会)Itwastwoyearsbeforehecamebackfromabroad.Itdidnttakelongbeforethewoodenbuildingwasswallowedbythefire.,it/thisis/willbethefirsttime(that)+havedoneit/thiswasthefirsttime(that)+haddoneThisisthefourthtimeshehasrungyouinaweek.Itwasthesecondtimehehadbeenoutwithheralone.ItwillbethefirsttimethatIhaventbeenabroad.,七、it常用的固定搭配,makeit做到了，成功1)在口语当中相当于succeed,表示:成功做到、说定、赶上、及时到达如:Itshardtomakeittothetopinshowbusiness.2)在口语中相当于fixthedatefor,表示“约定好时间”如:Shallwemeetnextweek?OK.WejustmakeitnextSaturday.,2.takeiteasy相当于Dontworryordonthurry.用来劝告别人,表示“不要慌,别担心,沉住气”Takeiteasy！Hewilldoitwell.3.Italldepends/thatalldepends在口语中,相当于ithasntbeendecidedyet,表示“那得看情况,还没有定下来”Areyougoingtothecountrysideforholiday?It/Thatalldepends.,4.Itsuptosb.在口语中,相当于itsdecidedbysb.表示“由决定,由负责,取决于”Shallwegooutfordinner？Itsuptoyou.5.Igetit.我懂了，我明白了Idontgetit-whywouldshedoathinglikethat?6.assb.putsit正如某人所说AsYufangputsit,“Wearenotmakingthatmuchmoneyyet,”,6.notifIcanhelpit能不做就不做-WillyouattendclassonSaturdayevening?-IwillnotattendclassifIcanhelpit.7.itcant/couldntbehelped.实在没办法,无法避免Itsgoingtomakeaterriblenoise,butnevermind.Itcantbehelped.8.asitturnedout正如后来所表明的,果不其然Ididntneedmyumbrella,asitturnedout.9.whenitcomestodoingsth.当谈论到,Thereisnopointingettingangry.Thereisnosenseinworryingabouthim.Thereisnoneedforhimtogetupearly.Thereseemstobenopossibilitythathewillwinthegame.Thereisnodoubtthathewillpasstheexam.therebe(occur,happen,exist,come,follow),高考链接1.Hedidntmake_clearwhenandwherethemeetingwouldbeheld.2._isourbeliefthatimprovementsinhealthcarewillleadtoastronger,moreprosperouseconomy.,it,I