m1Unit 3 Grammar and usage

Unit3Lookinggood,feelinggoodgrammarandusage,Unit3GrammarandusageNon-restrictiveattributiveclauses,Whoisshe?SheisZhangBaizhi,_isveryslimandattractive.SheisZhangBaizhi,_weoftentalkabout.Sheisagirl_isveryslimandattractive.Sheisagirl_weoftentalkabout.,who,whom,who/that,(who/that),I,whoamyourbestfriend,believeinyou.Mr.Smiths,whosewifeteachessinging,isateacherofpiano.,Whatisthedifferencebetweentherestrictiveattributiveclausesandthenon-restrictiveclauses,Mycousinwhosefatherisateacherwantstobeanactor.Mycousin,whosefatherisateacher,wantstobeanactor.限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用逗号隔开；非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。,HeisamanwhoIcanaskforhelp.Hisfather,whoworksinBeijing,camebackyesterday.限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。,有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。例如：Theoldmanhasasonwho/thatisadoctor.那个老人有一个当医生的儿子。(定语从句起限定作用；老人还可能有其他儿子。)Theoldmanhasason,whoisadoctor.那老人有一个儿子，当医生。（定语从句起补充说明作用；老人只有一个儿子。）,Intheclass,thereare32students,whoaregoodatmaths.这个班有32个学生，他们数学学得好。（班级人数就是32人）Intheclass,thereare32studentswhoaregoodatmaths.这个班有32个数学学得好的学生。（班级人数多于32人),ImetwithalotofdifficultieswhichIhadnotexpected.我遇到了许多没有料到的困难。Imetwithalotofdifficulties,whichIhadnotexpected.我遇到了许多困难，这点我没有料到。,Practise,1.Nanjingisacity_liesontheChangjiangRiver.2.IliveinNanjing,_liesontheChangjiangRiver.3.IliveinNanjing,_youcanfindmanyplacesofinterest.,that/which,which,where/inwhich,4.Thefamousbasketballstar,_isanAmerican,cametoChinayesterday.5.Inthosedays,sheusedtogotoMrblack,with_shehadawonderfultime.,who,whom,6.Iboughtacaryesterday,_costmealot.7.Xian,_Ivisitedlastyear,isaniceoldcity.8.HewillcometoseemenextJuly,_hewontbesobusy.,which,which,when,9.Theschool,_Ioncestudied,wasbuiltthirtyyearsago.10.Johnsaidhedbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour,_wastrue.,which,where,Compare:Hetoldmeastory,whichisalreadyknowntoall.Hecamelate,whichmadetheteacherangry.Hemissedthemovie,whichwasagreatpity.“which”canbeusedtoreferto_.,thewholesentence,Practise,1.Itisreportedthattwoschools,_arebeingbuiltinmyhometown，willopennextyear.A.theybothB.whichbothC.bothofthemD.bothofwhich,2.Ihavemanyfriends,some_arebusinessmen.A.whyB.fromwhichC.whoofD.ofwhom,3.Ifashophaschairs_womencanparktheirmen,womenwillspendmoretimeintheshop.thatB.whichC.whenD.where,4.Iwalkedinourgarden,_TomandJimweretyingabigsignontooneofthetrees.A.whichB.whenC.whereD.that,5.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthatschool.Itisnolongerwhatitwas20yearsago,_itwassopoorlyequipped.A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that,6.Jimpassedthedrivingtest,_surprisedeverybodyintheoffice.A.whichB.thatC.thisD.it,7.Thereweredirtymarksonhertrousers_shehadwipedherhands.whereB.whichC.whenD.that,8.Lastweek，onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse，_wantedtobuyit.A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom,9.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%_aresoldabroad.A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat,Questiontags,Sometimes,youcanask:Youloveme,dontyou?Heisaboy,isnthe?,Thiskindofsentenceiscalledaquestiontag.Questiontagsareshortquestionsthatcomeattheendofstatements.,LetssumuptheseveraldifferentkindsoftheDisjunctiveQuestions.,Questiontagscanbeusedwhenyouaskforagreemente.g.Youstillgotothegymeveryday,dontyou?askforconfirmatione.g.Youstillgotothegymeveryday,dontyou?,1.Weuseanegativequestiontagattheendofapositivestatement;weuseapositivequestiontagattheendofanegativestatement.Lookinggoodisimportanttowomen,isntit?Weshouldntbeashamedofthewaywelook,shouldwe?,2.Wordslikeneither,none,nobody,nothing,few,little,never,hardlyorseldomareconsiderednegative.Neitherofyouwillhavecoffee,willyou?NoonehasfoundmyCD,havethey?Nobodyunderstoodhisspeech,didthey?Hissisterseldomargueswithpeople,doesshe?,3.Weuseapersonalpron.likeI,we,you,he,she,itortheyinaquestiontag.e.g.Youwouldntliketotakethesepills,wouldyou?Everyonehasadvisedyounottogoonadiet,haventthey?,4.Weuseanauxiliaryverb,modalverborbeverbinaquestiontag.e.g.Youliketraveling,dontyou?e.g.YoucantspeakItalian,canyou?e.g.Thereissomethingwrong,isntthere?,5.Afteranimperativeclause,weusewillyou.AfterLets,weuseshallwe.e.g.Postaletterforme,willyou?e.g.Letshaveabreak,shallwe？,Practise:1.Whenyouvefinishedwiththatbook,dontforgettoputitbackontheshelf,_?A.doyouB.dontyouC.willyouD.wontyou,2.Therewasaloudscreamfromthebackstageimmediatelyaftertheconcertended，_?wasntthereB.wasthereC.didntitD.didit,3.Thereisnolightinthedormitory.Theymusthavegonetothelecture,_.A.didnttheyB.donttheyC.mustnttheyD.haventthey,4.BillsaimistoinformtheviewersthatcigaretteadvertisingonTVisillegal,_?A.isntitB.isitC.isntheD.ishe,Completethefollowingpassageswithwho,whose,which,where,orwhenIhaveagoodfriend,(1)_isreallythin.Twiceaweekhegoestothegym,(2)_heexercisesandliftsweights.Butthefactishesstillquitethin,(3)_makeshimunhappy.,who,where,which,Nowheisthinkingabouttakingsomepills,(4)_hethinkswillmakehimbecomestronger.Doesanyoneknowifitssafetotakethesepills?Ithinkgoingtoagymisagoodwaytokeephealthyandstrong.Ifyourfriendwantstobestronger,heshouldtrytogotheremoreoften.,which,Yes,therearesomepillstomakeyoulookstrong.However,theyhavesideeffects,(5)_willdoharmtoyourhealth.Aftertakingthiskindofpillforsometime,yourfriendshairmightfalloutorhemighthavehealthproblems,someof(6)_ma