现代大学英语精读5Lesson 4 Professions for Womenppt课件

ProfessionsforWomen,VirginiaWoolf,LOGO,TheVictorianideologyofFemininity,TheFrenchphilosopherJeanJacquesRousseau,whosedemandsforhumanlibertyhadbeeninfluentialuponanumberofmovementsforpoliticalreform,forcefullyarticulatedsomeofthemostrestrictivetenetsofwhatcanbecalledthenineteenthcenturysideologyoffemininity.Thewholeeducationofwomenoughttoberelativetomen.Topleasethem,toconsolethem,andtomakelifesweetandagreeabletothemthesearethedutiesofwomenatalltimes,andwhatshouldbetaughtthemfromtheirinfancy.,TheVictorianideologyofFemininity,Theidealwomenhethusenvisionedapure,decorous,andevenangeliccreaturewasonlyoneparticularlynotablerepresentativeofastandardagainstwhicheverymiddle-andupper-classwomansconductwasmeasured,andotherwriters,femaleaswellasmale,elaborateduponthevirtuesofsuchanideal.In1854,inalongandverypopularpoem,TheAngleintheHouse,CoventryPatmoredescribedsuchselflessnessmoreextravagantly,Manmustbepleased,buthimtopleaseIswomanspleasure;downthegulfOfhiscondolednecessitiesShecastsherbest,sheflingsherself.,Themodelwomanwasanangeloraqueen,Shemustappeardelicate,frail,ethereal.Shemustlookandactlikeafragilecreature.Agoodwomanwasessentiallypassionless:ifmenwerebeastsruledbysexualdesire,theirpurewivesanddaughtersknewnothingofsuchmatters.Itwasgenerallyagreedthatonherweddingnight,theangelicvirginshouldinonewayoranotherbehaveasQueenVictoriawassaidtohave:closehereyesandthinkofEngland.Otherwise,awomanwasindangerofbecomingafallenwoman.,At15,burnedearlywritingbecauseherstepmotherfeltthatareputationforscribblingwouldharmthegirlsmarriageprospectsandbecausesheherselfwasearlyimpressedwithideasthatfasteneddegradationtothisclassofcompositionthen,asnow,calledthenovel.Evelina(1778)Exploredthesocialdevelopmentofaheroinewhoprovesherselfworthyofherwell-bornsuitor.Cecilia;orMemoirsofanHeiress(1782)AnalysizedthesocialandeconomicproblemsofwomenTriedtoraisethestatusofthenovelbycombiningverisimilitudewithinstructions.,FannyBurney(17521840),AphraBehn(16401689),Spyandplaywright,travelerandwit,AphraBehnwasEnglandsfirstprofessionalwomanwriter.Inaagewhenmanywomenofletterswereintellectualaristocratswhoclaimedtowriteonlyforpleasureandfameamongtheirfriends,Behnwasamiddle-classwidowwhofranklywroteformoneyandpublicacclaim.In1666,sheenteredtheintelligenceserviceofKingCharlesII,whensuchpublictoilsofstateaffairswereunusualwithhersex.Shecarriedouthermissionremarkablywell,butwasneverpaidproperly.Sosheendedupspendingsometimein1668inaLondondebtorsprison,whichdecidedheruponwhatwas,forawoman,anunprecedentedstep:writingformoney.Shebecameaprofessionalandhighlyproductiveplaywright.,HarrietMartineau(1802-1876),Shewasmorerigorouslyandformallyeducatedthanmostwomenofhertime.ShewasprecociouslyandindependentlyinterestedineconomictopicsHerfathersdeathin1826forcedhertosupporthermotherandherselfbyneedleworkandwritingfortheGlobeoneconomictopicssuchasmachineryandlabor.IllustrationsofPoliticalEconomy,1832-34IllustrationsofTaxation,1834.SocietyinAmerica,1837.RetrospectofWesternTravel.Deerbrook,1839.,JaneAusten(1775-1817),Shedefinedherselfasawriterbyself-consciouslysatirizingnotonlythefemaletraditioninliteraturebutalsoitseffectsonthegrowthanddevelopmentofthefemaleimagination.Shecomicallycriticizedtheovervaluationoflove,themiseducationofwomen,thesubterfugesofthemarriagemarket,therivalryamongwomenformaleapproval,thefemalecultofweaknessanddependency,thediscrepancybetweenwomensprivatesphereandpublic(male)history.,GeorgeEliot(1819-1880),Eliotwasawarethatheridentificationwithmasculineachievementthreatenedtoundermineherconsciousnessofherselfasawoman.Youmaytry,butyoucannotimaginewhatitistohaveamansforceofgeniusinyou,yettosuffertheslaveryofbeingagirl.,saidaheroininhernovel.,Questions,Whatproblemsdoestheauthordiscussthroughhertwoexperiences?Whatfigurativedeviceswereemployed?Whataretheadvantagesforusingmetaphors?Whatwouldleftliterallywithoutthemetaphors?,AndwhileIwaswritingthisreview,IdiscoveredthatifIweregoingtoreviewbooksIshouldneedtodobattlewithacertainphantom.Andthephantomwasawoman,andwhenIcametoknowherbetterIcalledheraftertheheroineofafamouspoem,TheAngelintheHouse.InthosedaysthelastofQueenVictoriaeveryhousehaditsAngel.SheslippedbehindmeandwhisperedAndshemadeasiftoguidemypen.Iturneduponherandcaughtherbythethroat.Ididmybesttokillher.Myexcuse,wouldbethatIactedinself-defence.HadInotkilledhershewouldhavekilledme.Shewouldhavepluckedtheheartoutofmywriting.Thus,wheneverIfelttheshadowofherwingortheradianceofherhalouponmypage,Itookuptheinkpotandflungitather.Shediedhard.,KillingtheAngelintheHouse,I,awomanwriterwhowantstoreviewamansnovel.Ihaveamindofmyown.IhavefivehundredpoundsayearsothatIdonthavetodependsolelyoncharmformyliving.IwanttoexpresswhatIthinktobethetruthabouthumanrelations,morality,sex.,TheAngelintheHouse,aModelwomanrepresentingtheVictorianideologyoffemininity.Besympathetic;betender;flatter;deceive;usealltheartsandwilesofoursex.Aboveall,bepure.Sheneverhasamindorwishofherown.Thesequestionscannotbedealtwithfreelyandopenlybywoman.,KillingtheAngelintheHouse,Camebetweenmeandmypaper.BotheredmeandwastedmytimeandtormentedmeShadowofherwingsfellonmypage;therustlingofherskirtsintheroomSlippedbehindmeandwhisperedWouldhavekilledme;wouldhavepluckedtheheartoutofmywriting.Diedhard.Herfictitiousnaturewasofgreatassistancetoher.Shealwayscreptback.,Iturneduponherandcaughtherbythethroat.Ididmybesttokillher.Iactedinself-defence.Itookuptheinkpotandflungitather.Idispatchedher.Itsfarhardertokillaphantomthanareality.IflattermyselfthatIkilledherintheend.,Doabattlewithaphantom.Thephantomwasawoman.theAngelintheHouseWiththismetaphor,theauthorinvitesustolookatherstruggletofreeherselffromtheVictorianideologyoffemininityasaseverebattlebetweenenemies.Andtheenemyhascomplicatednatures.Describingtheenemyasaphantom,sheallowsthereadertoimaginethegreatdifficultyinfightinganintangibleenemy.BypersonifyingthetraditionalideologyoffemininityastheAngelinthehouse,theauthorleftapowerfulimpressionuponthereader,fortheycanfeelitsexistenceanditseachandeverymovement.,MeaningofArtsandCats,Arts:1.Sheexcelledinthedifficultartsoflife.2.Usealltheartsandwilesofoursex.3.Idonotbelievethatanybodycanknowuntilshehasexpressedherselfinalltheartsandprofessionsopentohumanskill.Cat:1.ButtoshowyouhowlittleIdeservetobecalledaprofessionalwoman,Iwentoutandboughtacatabeautifulcat,aPersiancat.2.WhatcouldbeeasierthantowritearticlesandtobuyPersiancatswiththeprofits?3.Imadeonepoundtenandsixbymyfirstreview;andIboughtaPersiancatwiththeproceeds.ThenIgrewambitious.APersiancatisallverywell,Isaid;butaPersiancatisnotenough.Imusthaveamotorcar.,questions,Whatisanovelistsstateofmind?Whydoestheauthorusethemetaphoroffishingtodescribeherstateofmind?Inwhatwaydoestheimageofafishermanatadeeplakefitthesituationofawomanwriter?Whatwastheproblemdiscussedinthesecondexperience?,Thefishermanatadeeplakeperfectlyfitsthesituationtheauthoristryingtodescribe.Outwardly,thelakeappearsdeadlycalm,andthefishermansunkindreamscalm,too.Beneaththesurfaceofthewater,therearebigfishaswellashardstones,hiddenindarkness.Thelinemaygodeepintothewatertocatchthebiggestfishor,tocrashonahardrock.Insidethefisherman/writer,thereareconflictingthoughts.Thatis,thefreestimaginationthat,accordingtotraditionalthinking,shouldbeheldprivatelyandnotdealtwithinpublic,aswellastheawarenessoftheconsequencesofrevealingtheimaginationtothepublic.Throughthismetaphorthereaderperceivesthatthetruthaboutbodyandpassionandsexisforcedintodarknessbytraditionalvalues